scholarly journals Economics of poultry manure utilization in land quality improvement among integrated poultry-maize-farmers in South western Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
A. S. Bamire ◽  
J. Amujoyegbe
Keyword(s):  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Social Constraints ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Land Quality ◽  
Farm Production ◽  
Small Holders ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Land Improvement

The rapid growth of Nigerian's poultry has made it more advantageous in terms of providing the essential raw material for soil fertility enhancement than other livestock. This paper evaluates the benefits of poultry manure use among integrated poultry-maize farmers in Ekiti and Osun States of Nigeria for improved land quality and continuous food production. Data were collected using Structured survey questionnaires administered on 500 randomly selected respondents in the two States. Data were analysed with descriptive statistics and costs and returns techniques. Respondents were small holders, with land area grown to mazie varying between 0.01 and 3.00 hectare. Majority of the respondents have personal farms but applied poultry manure only on small portions (25%) of the total cropped area of their farmlands. On the average, 53% of the respondents used poultry manure on their farms. Respondents were fairly literate with a mean age of 43 years. Major constraints to poultry manure use include odour, transportation, scarcity, wetness, bulkiness and time wastage in descending order of importance. While odour and transportation were identified as common problems among poultry manure users in Ekiti and Osun States, bulkiness was an additional constraint for non-user respondents in both states. Poultry manure material constituted about 91% of the total cost of inputs; transportation cost was 8% while labour cost averaged 2%. The mean net income earned per annum by poultry manure users was 1.40 times higher than that for non-users. The difference in mean net income users and non-users of poultry manure constitutes an important land improvement technique capable of enhancing farm production and income levels. Thus, technologies aimed at packaging it in such a way as to remove the associated social constraints to its use by farmers need be put in place.

scholarly journals Waste Cooking Oil into Biodiesel Transformation and its Economical Potency through Circular Economic Model in Semarang Barat Area Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 14010
Author(s):  
Arie Wicaksono ◽  
Widayat ◽  
Singgih Saptadi
Keyword(s):  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Boiler Fuel ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Point Density ◽  
Oil Utilization ◽  
The Difference

The circular economic scheme is applied to utilize the waste cooking oil from semarang barat resident area as raw material of biodiesels, the results shown that biodiesels production was able to produce 82.54% of biodiesels yields and analyzed refer to Keputusan Direktur Jendral Minyak dan Gas Bumi No.13483K/24/DJM/2006 specification including FAME concentration, Flash Point, Density, Viscosity and calorie value. Based on the analysis, the biodiesel produced has the potential as a substitute for diesel oil used for boiler fuel. This scheme is able to generate net income of IDR 135,542,430 per year from the biodiesel utilization on the difference of diesel oil utilization for boiler fuel and IDR 14,928,656 per year from crude glycerol sales.

DİĞER KAPSAMLI GELİR KALEMLERİ İLE İŞLETMENİN PİYASA DEĞERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
Serhan Gürkan ◽  
Yasemin Köse
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Value Relevance ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Comprehensive Income ◽  
Income Statement ◽  
Other Comprehensive Income ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Gains And Losses

Other comprehensive income is the difference between net income as in the Income Statement and comprehensive income, and represents the certain gains and losses of the enterprise not recognized in the Profit or Loss Account. Value relevance of other comprehensive income is under discussion and considering other comprehensive income items all together might be misleading for financial performance. In the view of such information, discussing the value relevance of each other comprehensive income item, judgements are made.

SELISIH BIAYA PRODUKSI SEBAGAI ALAT PENGENDALIAN MANAJEMEN PT INDO PUSAKA BERAU

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 397
Author(s):  
SAFITRI NURHIDAYATI ◽  
RIZKI AMELYA SYAM
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Material Costs ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost

This study aims to analyze whether the difference that occurs in the cost of raw materials, direct labor, and factory overhead costs between the standard costs and the actual costs in PLTU LATI is a difference that is favorable or unfavorable. Data collection techniques with field research and library research. The analytical tool used is the analysis of the difference in raw material costs, the difference in direct labor costs and the difference in factory overhead costs. The hypothesis in this study is that the difference allegedly occurs in the cost of raw materials, direct labor costs, and factory overhead costs at PT Indo Pusaka Berau Tanjung Redeb is a favorable difference. The results showed that the difference in the cost of producing MWh electricity at PT Indo Pusaka Berau Tanjung Redeb in 2018, namely the difference in the price of raw material costs Rp. 548,029.80, - is favorable, the difference in quantity of raw materials is Rp. 957,216,602, - is (favorable) , the difference in direct labor costs Rp 2,602,642,084, - is (unfavorable), and the difference in factory overhead costs Rp 8,807,051,422, - is (favorable) This shows that the difference in the overall production cost budget is favorable or profitable. This beneficial difference shows that the company is really able to reduce production costs optimally in 2018.  

Effect of Physico-chemical Characteristics of Raw Muscles from Three Iberian × Duroc Genotypes on Dry-cured Meat Products Quality

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 485-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. Ramirez ◽  
R. Cava
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Quality ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Reciprocal Crosses ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Cured Meat ◽  
The Difference

The effect of raw material characteristics (longissimus dorsi and biceps femoris) on dry-cured loin and ham quality from three different Iberian · Duroc genotypes was studied: GEN1: ♂ Iberian · ♀ Duroc1, GEN2: ♂ Duroc1 · ♀ Iberian; GEN3: ♂ Duroc2 · ♀ Iberian. GEN1 and GEN2 are reciprocal crosses, while the difference between GEN2 and GEN3 is the Duroc sire line. The line Duroc1 (DU1) was selected for the manufacture of dry-cured meat products, whereas the line Duroc2 (DU2) was selected for meat production with low carcass fat. Raw material and dry-cured meat products did not differ between reciprocal crosses (GEN1 vs. GEN2). However, the genotype of the Duroc sire line affected the quality of meat and dry-cured meat products. GEN1 and GEN2 had higher adipogenic nature and higher postmortem pH than GEN3, and as a result, these dry-cured meat products had better instrumental and sensory quality than those from GEN3. By contrast, meat from GEN3 had lower pH, fat content, and oxidative stability which decreased the quality of dry-cured meat products. Therefore, there was a close connection between raw material and dry-cured meat products quality as it was affected by characteristics related to the genotype such as the adipogenic character and meat quality traits associated with pH.

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH FLY ASH DARI PEMBAKARAN BATUBARA PADA PEMBUATAN SEMEN PCC (PORTLAND COMPOSITE CEMENT) DI PT SEMEN XYZ LAMPUNG

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Septiyana Sari ◽  
◽  
Susanti Sundari
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Technical Aspect ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Physical Test ◽  
Composite Cement ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost

Abstract This study discusses the use of fly ash waste from coal burning on the manufacture of PCC (Portland composite cement) at PT. XYZ Lampung. The purpose of this research is to look at the technical studies and the efficiency of raw materials in the use of fly ash in cement making, in this case PCC cement (Portland Composite Cement). The steps taken in analyzing the data in this study were viewed from a technical aspect by means of a physical test, namely the cement compressive strength test at the age of 3 days, 7 days, and 28 days using the Compression Testing Machine. This test was conducted to see the comparison of the compressive strength of PCC cement using limestone and fly ash as raw materials, then calculate the difference in raw material costs in the year before and after the replacement of limestone with fly ash. The results showed that cement with the addition of fly ash after 3 days, 7 days and 28 days had an increased compressive strength value, which increased 21.69%, 16.07% and 8.05% respectively of the compressive strength of cement using limestone. The use of fly ash as a substitute for limestone has an effect on the cost of raw materials, where the difference between the cost of raw materials in 2019 and the cost of raw materials in 2018 is Rp. 39,440,952,074.

scholarly journals Comparative anatomical and histological research of the roots of Rheum Palmatum L. And Rheum Officinale B.

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 155-159
Author(s):  
Ksenia N. Semenyuta ◽  
Anna A. Shmygareva ◽  
Anatoly N. Sankov
Keyword(s):  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Histochemical Reaction ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Histological Studies ◽  
Rheum Palmatum ◽  
Anthracene Derivatives ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Difference

Introduction. The aim of the study is to perform the anatomical and histological analysis of the roots of Rheum palmatum L. and Rheum officinale B., and also to check histochemical reactions for the presence of anthracene derivatives. Material and methods. The methodological basis of the anatomical and histological studies was the standard method for the preparation of micro-preparations of roots of Rheum palmatum L. and Rheum officinale B. described in the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation, XIV edition (OFS.1.5.3.003.15). Results and discussion. Anatomical and histological studies of Rheum palmatum L. and Rheum officinale B. raw materials confirmed the roots of Rheum palmatum L. to have classical secondary structure, while the roots of Rheum officinale B. have classical primary structure. The histochemical reaction to anthracene derivatives with 10% alkali solution was carried out, it resulted in cherry-red staining of core rays and some structures of cortical parenchyma of the fragment of Rheum palmatum L., while the roots of Rheum officinale B. failed to stain. Conclusions. The anatomical and histological studies of the rhizomes and roots of Rheum palmatum L. and Rheum officinale B. demonstrate the difference in the structure of closely related species of plants. It makes possible to identify the medicinal raw material of these plants.

scholarly journals RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM INFORMASI PERSEDIAAN BAHAN BAKU DAN ADMINISTRASI GUDANG MAJEMUK (STUDI KASUS KAROSERI PT. XYZ MALANG)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-152
Author(s):  
Denny Lukianto Kumala ◽  
Soetam Rizky Wicaksono
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Accurate Calculation ◽  
Counting System ◽  
Administration System ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Production Losses

In the manufacturing process Bus and Mini Bus, a lot of the raw materials required. Raw materials are stored at many warehouses (especially on Body PT. XYZ Malang). Materials / goods are highly vulnerable to lost or stolen. The most influential factor in it is the counting system inventory / materials and administration. These changes will have an impact on the process of goods more accurate calculation based on the demand of production. Losses will have a greater likelihood of being used if the system can not address the calculation of the goods/raw materials better.And administration system that can cope with the calculation of the goods/raw materials are better here is a system that can calculate expenditures for production based on the incoming bill alone, and can calculate the receipt of goods in accordance with the letter received by the supplier. The system can also provide reports based on existing transactions during a certain period.With the inventory system and the administration is then the difference between the goods that previously occurred can be minimized and raw material inventory accounting system can work better.

scholarly journals How does Technological Dependence Affect Consumer Shopping Behavior among Baby Boomers, Millennials, and Digital Natives?

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 1004-1009
Author(s):  
Muhammad Syah Fibrika Ramadhan ◽  
Nisrina Anggi Syahputri
Keyword(s):  
Baby Boomers ◽  
Online Shopping ◽  
Brand Choice ◽  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Digital Natives ◽  
Shopping Behavior ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Way

As the technology develop rapidly, people’s life is more convenient in many aspects. For instance, technology is facilitating the way people shop. In this day and age, people does not need to go to market to buy things they want as they can get it by online shopping. This way is certainly saving the time, the money as well because they do not need to pay the transportation cost. However, with the assistances that technology offered, not all people are overly dependent on technology. Some of them, mostly baby boomers gen, tend to life the old-fashioned way. This research aims to find out the difference among three generations, including baby boomers, millennials, and digital natives in their dependence on technology and how it affects their shopping behavior including the shopping objective, shopping frequency, deciding online or offline, shopping hour as well as brand choice. This study investigated about 138 persons, consisted of 30 (22%) baby boomers, 34 (25%) millennials, and 74 (53%) digital natives. The data were collected using the questionnaire consisted of 29 questions related to daily interaction to technology and shopping behavior. Oneway ANOVA was used to analyze the data. The result shows that among baby boomers, millennials, and digital natives have different responses of their technological dependence relating to shopping behavior. However, there is no significant difference among three generations. Each generation have different trait of shopping. Thus, the marketer should to know what kind of generation of their target in order to give the appropriate marketing.

scholarly journals Socio-Cultural Differences Between Generations in Elbasan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-57
Author(s):  
Nuredin Çeçi ◽  
Marjeta Çeçi
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Social Constraints ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Social And Cultural Factors

Social life carries various social and cultural phenomena which significantly interact with our lives, creating the difference in-depth reports and the newly formed relationship between generations in the family and society. Changes in thought, behavior, or actions strands understand if inequality and differences emerge and develop from social constraints. In today's society that mostly resembles a space without borders, it is possible to absorb new ways and ideas regarding lifestyle, thinking, and conduct. Many sociological and psychological studies argued that, especially in the early 60-s of the twentieth century, adolescents are more likely to be directed towards the ideas, practices, and characterized as countercultural movements. The study "Socio-cultural differences between generations in Elbasan" was conducted to identify social and cultural factors that affect the growth of differences between generations in the family and society. Identification of socializing factors such as media, schools, technology, and impacts arising from other cultures through immigration. Underlining the importance and analysis of social and cultural elements in change as essential factors in the differences between generations gives meaning to this study. This study's results have been highlighted by analyzing relations between ages and social and cultural changes in Elbasan in recent years.

scholarly journals PENGENDALIAN PERSEDIAAN BAHAN BAKU DALAM PROSES PRODUKSI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE ECONOMIC ORDER QUANTITY (EOQ)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-423
Author(s):  
Elia Rahayu R ◽  
Nor Norisanti ◽  
Acep Samsudin
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Economic Order Quantity ◽  
Economic Order ◽  
Order Quantity ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Inventory Cost ◽  
Total Inventory ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive

The purpose of this study is to control the supply of raw materials using the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) method in Tahu Nugraha Jaya Sukabumi UKM. The data analysis method used is quantitative descriptive to describe and describe the data to be examined and then processed using EOQ. This study uses the EOQ method to determine the total inventory cost. The data needed in this study are the number of purchases of raw materials, the amount of use of raw materials, storage costs, and ordering costs. The results of this study indicate that by applying the EOQ method can further optimize the supply of raw materials by minimizing raw materials with increased inventory. With the application of the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) method it shows more efficient than conventional methods of the company. Conclusions, seen from the difference in the TIC of the two methods, the more efficient method is the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) method that is equal to 244,392.94 while the calculation used by the company is 374,325. so that it can be obtained that there is a difference between the Company TIC and the EIC method TIC. Keywords: Raw Material Inventory, Production Process

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