scholarly journals Women in the 19th century Scottish emigration poetry of the USA

Author(s):  
Lilia R. Velilaeva ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-375
Author(s):  
Neil Ewins

Purpose This paper explores the advertising strategy of crockery importers and dealers in relationship to their origins and backgrounds. This is a departure from earlier ceramic-history literature which tended to focus on the Staffordshire producers, with limited awareness on how the identity of importers and dealers influenced what products were sold, and their individual approaches to marketing. Design/methodology/approach Within a context of historical marketing research, this paper analyses newspaper advertising and commentary. It combines an examination of marketing practices with a wider consideration of the cultural identities of ceramic importers and dealers. The digitalization of historical records, combined with sophisticated search engines, makes it more feasible to examine a broader range of sources. Thus, modern research methods can enhance our understanding of production and demand and reveal how marketing strategy was diverse. Findings Awareness on how advertising was influenced by the backgrounds and socio-political views of importers and dealers demonstrates ways in which Anglo-American ceramic trade could be far more market-led. More significantly, marketing approaches were not necessarily responding to American demand, but rather that importers could engage in commissioning goods which reflected their own views on politics, religion or slavery. Originality/value Examining the advertising of importers demonstrates the complex relationship between production and ceramic demand. This paper opens up debates as to how far the advertising of other merchandise in the USA shows evidence of taking a more individual approach by the 19th century.


2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 220-227
Author(s):  
M.G. Kruglova ◽  

in the development of American music of the 19th century, researchers find stylistic trends in romanticism. During this period, the characteristic features of national musical thinking and the features of the composer’s work of US composers manifest themselves. A similar thing was observed in European music of the same century: the Polish national composer school was formed in Chopin’s works, Liszt embodied the features of Hungarian music, Grieg – Norwegian, etc. Since the beginning of the 19th century, American composers have been passionate about European romantic trends, but at the same time they have gone and developed along their special path. The influence of Schubert, Schumann, Mendelssohn is felt in the works of American composers of the mid-19th century, in the literature of the USA romanticism manifested itself much earlier, and its development was peculiar and special due to the ethnic and historical development of the country. However, all these most important historical pages still remain almost without the attention of scholars, researchers, and are also absent from the courses of music history not only colleges, but also universities of art culture. In this work, an attempt is made to outline ways to master the artistic and creative experience of composers of the USA of the 19th century in the process of studying professional disciplines by students of universities of culture and art and at the same time enriching the scientific experience of musicology with new discoveries in the field of American romantic music.


1994 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 129-145

John Hubert Craigie was descended from Scottish crofters. His grandfather, William Craigie, the son of Hugh Craigie of Rousay, was born on Rousay, Orkneys, in 1810, and died in Canada in 1901. Life was difficult in Scotland early in the 19th century. Like many of his fellow Orkneymen, William Craigie emigrated to Canada as an indentured employee of the Hudson’s Bay Company, probably in the 1830s. In the course of his duties he crossed Canada two or three times, travelling out of York Factory on Hudson Bay. The family oral history is that William could not abide the way the Company treated native peoples; factors were expected to ply the natives with liquor and then ‘purchase’ furs for a pittance. As an ‘indentured servant’ he would be in mortal danger from the colonial authorities if he tried to leave, but he took an opportunity to escape via the USA and returned home to the Orkneys. There he married Jean Mainland. Because they could not get permission to marry on Rousay, they eloped by rowboat to be married in another village. William and Jean later emigrated to Canada, reaching the port of Pictou, Nova Scotia, in June 1842 after sailing on the barque Superior for 51 days from Thurso, Caithness.


2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 109-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-L. Bertrand-Krajewski

This paper presents a historical review of some concepts and techniques used to manage sewer sediments and to cleanse sewers. Two aspects are illustrated: i) the use of egg-shaped and similar types of sewers in order to ensure self-cleansing velocities even during low flow periods, and ii) the use of flushing tanks to scour deposited sediments and keep sewers free of deposits. After a brief survey of antecedent periods, the paper focuses on the evolution since the middle of the 19th century. Mainly based on French and English complementary examples, because both countries were leaders in the development of urban drainage in the period 1840-1880, the paper also provides information from Germany and the USA and shows that some aspects remained rather unchanged during 150 years while other have been completely revised during the same period.


2018 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 135-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Giaro

At the end of the 19th century the first wave of the movement law & economics has taken place in Europe. One of its protagonists was Leon Petrażycki (Leo von Petrażycki, 1867–1931), a Polish jurist who studied in Russia and in Germany. His book “Die Lehre vom Einkommen” whose title can be best translated as “The Doctrine of Income” was published in Berlin in 1893 (1st volume) and 1895 (2nd volume). The doctrine of Petrażycki, who insisted on using economic instead of technical-legal concepts, reveals astonishing resemblances to the modern movement of law & economics, inaugurated in 1960-ties in the USA.


2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-320
Author(s):  
Karina Yu. Smetanina

The article focuses on the 19th-century American history schoolbooks as primary sour­ces in historiography and cultural studies. The re­levance of the topic is determined by the fact that historically several regions with different econo­mic, cultu­ral and ideological characteristics existed and deve­loped in the USA. Therefore, broad political powers of the state governments that traditionally made laws in the field of education may give us the reason to assume that the narration of the American history in books produced and used in different parts of the country might have reflected values and beliefs of those particular states.The study was based on the principle of historicism, which let us closely analyze such questions as the authorship, places of schoolbook publishing and areas of their distribution with re­ference to the changing sociocultural realia of the 19th-century America.The following conclusions were drawn. The advent and development of public education as well as the blossom of the printing industry in New England contributed to the fact that in the 1820s there emerged a big group of authors who wrote the most popular American histories. Simultaneously with the growth of the number and influence of publi­shing firms in New York and Philadelphia, the center of the textbook production moved to the Mid-Atlantic Region in the latter half of the century.The United States territorial acquisitions of the 19th century predetermined the mass migration of the American citizens who amongst other possessions carried their children’s textbooks to new places. Due to the fact that the system of public edu­cation was still in its juvenile years and did not enjoy authority among the citizens, school administrations and teachers were not able to make parents buy new schoolbooks from the lists approved by schools, counties, or states, which led to the problem of textbook diversity and to the distribution of the northern books throughout the whole country. Concurrently, high profits in textbook business attracted many people who tried to write and sell as many histories as possible. This resulted in the problem of oversupply of schoolbooks.


Author(s):  
Patrycja Nosiadek

The paper discusses the significance of immigrants’ memory in exile as well as its influence on the new lifestyle people have to adjust to in unknown surroundings. The author concentrates on a group of Silesian-Texans who left their homeland in Upper Silesia in the 19th century and found their first settlement in Panna Maria, Texas, USA. That emigration was a challenge for those migrants, and they had to go through difficult cultural, social and economic changes in the remote area. However, they never wanted to forget about their Silesian home. That is why they tried to preserve contact with their Polish families in the form of letters, short notes and stories. This paper analyses the unique autobiographical accounts which were used as the correspondence between the old homeland and new homeland for Silesian migrants. They were written mainly in the forms of letters, but there could also be found diaries and stories which depict their life in the USA. Those autobiographical accounts are based on migrant reality, without distorting it, thus presenting the devotion towards Polish and American culture, religion and society. The author of this paper explores the most crucial aspects of life for Silesian migrants which shaped their identity in the USA on the basis of the preserved materials and interviews. 


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Vedernikov

The article reveals the objective prerequisites for the change of legislation. These are not clarifications and amendments, but reforms that are reflected in significant changes in civil, labor, family, inheritance, and procedural legislation. This is usually associated with the cancellation of the old and the adoption of a new codified Act, but in modern Russia, it is associated with the modification and cancellation of a large number of statutory acts. The article illustrates the stability of industry legislation in Australia, Austria, Germany and the USA. The theory of generations, generally accepted in developed countries, is analyzed from the point of view of the need to change legislation. Historical analysis shows that in the observable past, the problem of generational change, regardless of demographic wave, predetermined the need for reforms in Russia in the middle of the 19th century. This is extensively reflected in the Russian literature of the second half of the 19th century. The article shows the differences between demographic waves, generations and waves that determine the need for a change in legislation. It is postulated that the wave that determines the change of legislation should be considered as a social wave. The need for a significant change in legislation is closely connected with social waves. The author criticizes the state of constant legislation updating without the need caused by such a social wave. The author concludes about the negative consequences of unreasonably frequent changes in legislation.


2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 63-73
Author(s):  
Maria Krisań

Celem artykułu jest próba rekonsktrukcji pojęcia „pan”, jakie ukształtowało się i funkcjonowało w wyobraźni środowiska wiejskiego pod koniec XIX w. Podstawą do badań są: listy chło- pów-emigrantów do Brazylii i Stanów Zjednoczonych z lat 1890–1891, korespondencja ukazująca się na łamach czasopisma „Gazeta Świąteczna” wydawanego w Warszawie od 1881 r., pamiętniki chłopskie oraz dane etnograficzne zebrane na ziemiach Królestwa Polskiego na przełomie XIX–XX w. A Master in the Eyes of a Peasant in the Kingdom of Poland in the Second Half of the 19th Century The aim of the article is to reconstruct the notion of a “master”, which was shaped and functioned in the minds of peasants in the end of the 19th century. The research is based on: letters of peasants who emigrated to Brazil and the USA from the years 1890–1891, letters published in “Gazeta Świąteczna” [The Holiday Gazette] published in Warsaw since 1881, peasants’ diaries, and ethnography data collected in the Kingdom of Poland at the turn of the 20th century.


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