Interactions in Entomology: Enhanced Infectivity of Entomopathogenic Viruses by Fluorescent Brighteners

1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Hamm
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Uv Degradation ◽  
Fluorescent Brightener ◽  
Optical Brighteners ◽  
Entomopathogenic Viruses

Fluorescent brighteners or optical brighteners, chemicals that absorb energy from ultraviolet light (UV) and emit it as visible light, have been studied as UV protectants for entomopathogens to extend their effectiveness in the field as biocontrol agents. Some stilbene fluorescent brighteners have been demonstrated both to provide some protection from UV degradation and to enhance infectivity independently of the UV protection for several entomopathogenic viruses. Although the mode of action of this enhanced infectivity is not fully understood, enhanced infectivity of 10 nucleopolyhedroviruses and a granulovirus (Baculoviridae), a cypovirus (Reoviridae), an iridovirus (Iridoviridae), and an entomopoxvirus (Poxviridae) has been demonstrated. The enhanced infectivity produced by the fluorescent brighteners generally resulted in earlier mortality and in some cases extended infectivity of the virus to older instars. In a few cases the host range was extended, i.e., viruses which were not infective for a particular species under normal conditions were infective with the addition of a fluorescent brightener. Thus, if proper formulations can be made, the fluorescent brighteners have the potential to increase the effectiveness of certain entomopathogenic viruses for biocontrol of certain lepidopterous pests of forest and agricultural crops.

SPECIES, HOST RANGE, AND IDENTIFICATION KEY OF WHITEFLIES OF BOGOR AND SURROUNDING AREA

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Purnama Hidayat ◽  
Denny Bintoro ◽  
Lia Nurulalia ◽  
Muhammad Basri
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Aleurodicus Dispersus ◽  
Agricultural Plants ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Forest Plants

Species identification, host range, and identification key of whiteflies of Bogor and surrounding area. Whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a group of insects that are small, white, soft-bodied, and easily found on various agricultural crops. Whitefly is a phytophagous insect; some species are important pests in agricultural crops that can cause direct damage and can become vectors of viral diseases. The last few years the damage caused by whitefly in Indonesia has increased. Unfortunately, information about their species and host plants in Indonesia, including in Bogor, is still limited. Kalshoven, in his book entitled Pest of Crops in Indonesia, published in the 1980s reported that there were 9 species of whitefly in Indonesia. The information on the book should be reconfirmed. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine whitefly species and its host plants in Bogor and its surroundings. Whiteflies is identified based on the ‘puparia’ (the last instar of the nymph) collected from various agricultural plants, ornamental plants, weeds, and forest plants. A total of 35 species of whiteflies were collected from 74 species and 29 families of plants. The collwcted whiteflies consist of four species belong to Subfamily Aleurodicinae and 31 species of Subfamily Aleyrodinae. The most often found whitefly species were Aleurodicus dispersus, A. dugesii, and Bemisia tabaci. A dichotomous identification key of whiteflies was completed based on morphological character of 35 collected species. The number of whitefly species in Bogor and surrounding areas were far exceeded the number of species reported previously by Kalshoven from all regions in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Rare earth oxynitrides: Promising visible-light-driven photocatalysts for water splitting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shijia Jiang ◽  
Yanxin Liu ◽  
Jun Xu
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Water Splitting ◽  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Energy Crisis ◽  
Potential Solution ◽  
Global Energy ◽  
Ultraviolet Light Irradiation ◽  
Visible Light Driven ◽  
Main Component

Photocatalytic water splitting is a potential solution for global energy crisis. However, most photocatalysts only respond to ultraviolet light irradiation, which is not the main component of sunlight. The photocatalysis...

Enhancing functionalities of organic ultraviolet-visible phototransistors incorporating spiropyran-merocyanine photochromic materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (39) ◽  
pp. 22522-22532
Author(s):  
Ren-Jie Wu ◽  
Yueh-Ling Hsu ◽  
Wei-Yang Chou ◽  
Horng-Long Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Photochromic Materials

A photoexcited merocyanine molecule triggers several distinct photoresponse features of organic phototransistors, enabling distinction between ultraviolet light and visible light and realising an energy-saving optical synapse.

COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF VISIBLE, ULTRAVIOLET, AND X-RADIATION ON RAT THYMOCYTES

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Myers ◽  
Donna DeWolfe-Slade
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Intact Cell ◽  
Lethal Effect ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Thymus Cells ◽  
Ultraviolet Energy

Ultraviolet and X-irradiation produce many of the same effects on rat thymocytes in vitro. Exposure of the cells to low doses results in a latent lethal effect, which requires incubation at 37 °C for its expression, and in an apparent increase in the rate at which deoxyribonucleoprotein from the cells dissolves to form a gel in 2 M NaCl. As the doses are increased, a decrease in the viscosity of the deoxyribonucleoprotein gel, an immediate "death" and swelling of the cells, and an immediate destruction of nucleotide bases become evident. For either radiation, doses which do not appear to have any immediate effect on the intact cell lead to loss of soluble materials (potassium ion, ribonucleotides) from the cells after incubation at 37 °C for several hours. The amount of ultraviolet energy required to produce most of the above effects is nearly 1000 times greater than the amount of X-ray energy required to produce the same effect.Three differences between the effects of ultraviolet and X-irradiation were observed: Ultraviolet light was relatively inefficient in breaking down the long deoxyribonucleoprotein chains but appeared to destroy hydrogen-bonding in the native nucleic acid structure at the same time as it destroyed the nucleotide basis. Moreover, the lethal effects of low doses of ultraviolet light on thymus cells require a longer time to develop than do the effects of X-irradiation.Thymocytes can also be killed by high intensities of visible light, particularly in the presence of photoreducible dyes. However, visible light produces little or no latent damage to the cells, nor was any evidence of nucleic acid damage observed.

Preparation and Characterization of Ag/TiO2-xNx Nanoparticles

2007 ◽  
Vol 534-536 ◽  
pp. 105-108
Author(s):  
Zhong Qing Liu ◽  
Zheng Hua Li ◽  
Yan Ping Zhou ◽  
Chang Chun Ge
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Hole Pair ◽  
Electron Hole ◽  
Photoexcited Electron ◽  
Photochemical Deposition ◽  
Electron Hole Pair

The Ag/TiO2-xNx nanoparticles were synthesized by photochemical deposition with irradiation of visible light in a TiO2-XNX suspension system. The prepared products were characterized by means of XRD, Uv-vis, and FEM. Its photocatalytic activity was investigated by the decomposition of methylene blue (MB) solution under illumination of visible and ultraviolet light, respectively. Compared to TiO2-xNx, the photocatalytic activity of as–prepared Ag/TiO2-xNx is obviously enhanced due to the decreasing recombination of a photoexcited electron-hole pair. The mechanism in which photocatalytic activity is enhanced is discussed in detail.

On the modification of photocatalysts for improving visible light and UV degradation of gas-phase toluene over TiO2

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 423-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Keller ◽  
Elodie Barraud ◽  
Florence Bosc ◽  
David Edwards ◽  
Valerie Keller
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Uv Degradation

Synthesis and Preparation of Eu(BA)3Phen and its Fluorescent Falsification-Resistant Screen Printing Ink

2015 ◽  
Vol 1096 ◽  
pp. 336-339
Author(s):  
Jie Meng
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Ir Spectrum ◽  
Screen Printing ◽  
Europium Complex ◽  
Fluorescent Properties ◽  
Uv Spectrum ◽  
Europium Ion ◽  
Characteristic Emission ◽  
Printing Ink

Europium complex Eu (BA)3Phen was synthesised by selecting the fine Benzoyl acetone (BA) as the first ligand, o-phenanthroline (Phen) as the second ligand . IR spectrum indicated that europium ion has bonded with the ligands. The fluorescent properties and UV spectrum were studied. And fluorescent falsification-resistant screen printing ink was prepared , the fluorescent ink showed the characteristic emission of Eu3+, showed invisible in the visible light and showed obvious fluorescence under ultraviolet light.

Clean Energy Generation by a Nanostructured Biophotofuel Cell

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolu Liu ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Kai Ren ◽  
Paul Lawson ◽  
Andrew Moening ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Sodium Sulfide ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Tio2 Nanotube ◽  
Light Illumination ◽  
Photoelectrochemical Response ◽  
Sodium Sulfide Solution ◽  
Sulfide Solution

In this paper, clean energy generation from hazardous materials by a nanostructured biophotofuel cell was studied. Specifically, electrodeposition of polyaniline on TiO2 nanotube as photoelectrochemical anode for a sodium sulfide fuel cell was performed. The photoelectrochemical response of the TiO2 nanotube capped by polyaniline nanoparticles was studied in UV and visible light illumination using sodium sulfide as the electrolyte. The polyaniline was added onto the top end of the nanotube via electrochemical deposition from 0.1 M aniline (C6H7N) in 1 M HCl solution. Polyaniline nanoparticle/TiO2 nanotube was made into an anode and put into 0.5 M sodium sulfide solution for photoelectrochemical response tests under both visible and ultraviolet light irradiation. The photoelectrochemical anode shows good photo-catalytic property, as evidenced by the open circuit potential changes when the illumination conditions were changed. Its response to ultraviolet light is much stronger than to visible light. It is also found that the higher the temperature of the sodium sulfide solution, the weaker the photo-catalytic response of the anode.

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