Survival and Mortality of Immature Mordellids (Coleoptera: Mordellidae) Inducing Stem-galls on the Japanese Mugwort

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-241
Author(s):  
Kazuo Yamazaki ◽  
Shigehiko Shiyake ◽  
Shinji Sugiura
Keyword(s):  
Total Mortality ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Central Japan ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Larval Establishment

Mordellid galls were collected from stems of Japanese mugwort, Artemisia indica var. maximowiczii (Nakai) H. Hara, in early spring at three riverbeds in the Kinki district, central Japan, and reared in the laboratory. Adults of two mordellids, Mordellistena brevilineata Nomura (96.2% of the total number of individuals) and M. fuscosuturalis Nomura (3.8%), emerged from the galls. The galls were simple fusiform swellings in the stems. We could not distinguish the 2 species by gall morphology. Mortality of the immatures mostly could not be determined, but parasitoids (Eupelmus sp., Entedon sp., and braconids, etc.) accounted for about 25% of the total mortality observed. Survival of immatures tended to be higher and the concomitant parasitism lower in thicker rather than thinner galls, and the galls became thick when they were formed in larger diameter stems. Oviposition and larval establishment in thick stems appeared to be advantageous for the completion of development and avoidance of parasitoid attack.

Needle browning and death in Pinus pumila in the alpine region of central Japan were not related to mechanical damage of cuticle and cuticle thickness

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aoi Nakamoto ◽  
Takefumi Ikeda ◽  
Emiko Maruta
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Alpine Region ◽  
Pinus Pumila ◽  
Central Japan ◽  
Alpine Regions ◽  
Cuticle Thickness ◽  
Cuticular Resistance ◽  
Evergreen Conifers

The browning and death of needles of evergreen conifers in alpine regions occur mainly in early spring at the point where the shoot protrudes from the snowpack. They are thought to be caused by excessive transpiration due to mechanical damage to the cuticle or to a thinner cuticle. However, there are a few studies that do not necessarily agree with this idea. We assessed needle browning and death in Pinus pumila (Pallas) Regel. in the alpine region of Japan in relation to mechanical damage to the cuticle, cuticular resistance, and cuticle thickness. Mechanical damage was not observed on needle cuticles of Pinus pumila browning in a natural environment. The color of needles with artificially abraded cuticles changed from green to brown in the abraded part. However, the brown color at the abraded part differed from the brown of a browning needle in its natural environment. There was no correlation between cuticular resistance and cuticle thickness. Needle browning and death in P. pumila were not related to mechanical damage of the cuticle or to cuticle thickness but might be due to changes in the quality and structure of the cuticle and other stresses.

scholarly journals Isotopic Analysis and Cycling of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon at Lake Biwa, Central Japan

Radiocarbon ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 933-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshio Nakamura ◽  
Sadao Kojima ◽  
Tomoko Ohta ◽  
Hirotaka Oda ◽  
Akiko Ikeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Lake Biwa ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Vertical Mixing ◽  
Isotopic Analysis ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Central Japan ◽  
Depth Profiles ◽  
Carbon Isotopic

This paper reports on concentrations and carbon isotopic results of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in water samples collected at four locations and from several depths in Lake Biwa, central Japan, covering every season of the year, starting in the spring of 1995. Depth profiles of DIC concentration and DIC δ13C showed a strong seasonal pattern, as a result of vertical mixing of the lake water in winter and early spring, or lack of mixing in the other seasons. No seasonal change in DIC ∆14C depth profiles was recognizable, mainly owing to the wide scatter of DIC ∆14C. Values typically ranged from 0.47 to 0.65 mmol kg-1 for DIC concentration, and from -4 to -8‰ and from +10 to +80‰ for DIC ∆13C and DIC ∆14C, respectively, for the Lake Biwa water.

Simulation of salmonberry and thimbleberry population establishment and growth

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2194-2203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce D. Maxwell ◽  
John C. Zasada ◽  
Steven R. Radosevich
Keyword(s):  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Simulation Accuracy ◽  
Life History Stages ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Summer Fruit ◽  
Number Of Individuals

A salmonberry (Rubusspectabilis Pursh) and thimbleberry (Rubusparviflorus Nutt.) population simulation model was developed and compared with field observations for verification and validation. The species-specific influence of different phenological stages (early spring bud break, early summer fruit set, and fall senescence), different environments (at different sites), and intraspecific density on demographic processes was incorporated into the model. The model predicts the number of individuals in different life-history stages at three phenological stages during a growing season. Simulations were most accurate when compared with low genet density planted populations. Salmonberry populations on a moist site were most accurately simulated. Thimbleberry simulation accuracy was reduced by poor prediction of sprout densities. Salmonberry and thimbleberry population response to an application of glyphosate was simulated and compared with observed canopy cover for 3 years following application. The simulated response was accurate for the 1st year following application, but did not account for continued canopy cover in the observed populations. Salmonberry canopy cover and mean ramet height in response to manual cutting at three phenological stages was also simulated. The model simulations indicated that the most prolonged reduction in salmonberry cover followed cutting at the reproductive stage of growth.

scholarly journals Population dynamics of the Mediterranean green crab Carcinus aestuarii Nardo, 1847 (Crustacea: Portunidae) in the Gediz Delta (İzmir Bay, Eastern Aegean Sea)

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-56
Author(s):  
Eyüp Mümtaz Tiraşin ◽  
Alp Salman ◽  
Meryem Akalin ◽  
Okan Özaydin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Carapace Width ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Aegean Sea ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Female Crab ◽  
Potential Fecundity ◽  
Eastern Aegean ◽  
First Maturity ◽  
Eastern Aegean Sea

A total of 6265 Mediterranean green crabs Carcinus aestuarii were sampled from the Gediz Delta in the eastern Aegean Sea (Turkey) during 24 sampling surveys with a 15-day interval from November 2014 to October 2015. The overall ratio of males to females was 1.8:1. Males were predominant in all sampling surveys, except in September 2015. The ranges of total weight (W) and carapace width (CW) for all crabs were 0.19–45.74 g and 8–53 mm. Male crabs were, on average, larger and heavier than females. The W–CW relationships were W=0.0004×CW2.88 for females, and W=0.0003×CW2.96 for males. The estimated von Bertalanffy growth parameters for females were: CW∞=49 mm, K=0.82 year-1 and t0=-0.9 year, and for males CW∞=54 mm, K=0.92 year-1 and t0=-0.96 year. The total mortality rates were 2.25 and 2.27 year-1 for females and males, respectively. The breeding season spans from mid fall to early spring peaking in winter. The recruitment of juveniles to the lagoon happens predominantly in summer. The median size at first maturity was 30.6 mm for females and 41.5 mm for males. The average potential fecundity estimate was 63565±36519 oocytes per female crab while the average realized fecundity was 42810±33310 eggs.

scholarly journals Monitoring and Characterizing Temporal Patterns of a Large Colony of Tadarida brasiliensis (Chiroptera: Molossidae) in Argentina Using Field Observations and the Weather Radar RMA1

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lourdes Boero ◽  
Denis Poffo ◽  
Verónica Damino ◽  
Sabrina Villalba ◽  
Rubén M. Barquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Weather Radar ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Tadarida Brasiliensis ◽  
Large Colony ◽  
One Year ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Migratory colonies of up to thousands or millions of Brazilian free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) are present in temperate areas of America. The monitoring of these massive colonies is crucial to know their conservation status and to evaluate the important ecosystem services that they provide. The objectives of this study were to characterize and to monitor, with an interdisciplinary approach, one of the largest bat colonies in South America, located in La Calera (Córdoba, Argentina). This study includes eight years of field observations inside of their shelter and outside when the colony emerged. Moreover, these observations were complemented with one year of weather radar detections using the Radar Meteorológico Argentino 1 (RMA1). To determine if a detection is a true or false massive emergence of bats, an algorithm was designed. We observed that this large colony of T. brasiliensis is maternal and migratory, just like others in South and North America. This colony arrives in early spring and births occur two months later, migrations occur in early autumn, meanwhile the shelter is empty or inhabited only by a small group of individuals during the cold seasons. The colony was estimated at 900,000 individuals before births occurred. The radar detection was coincident with field observations, when a simultaneous emergence was observed, as well as in the monitoring throughout the year. This represents the first study made in South America using radar technology for monitoring a bat colony. We here demonstrate that RMA1 is a powerful tool for monitoring this colony in the long term, and even to alert possible changes in permanence in time or in the number of individuals.

Perceptual Learning of Vocoded Speech With and Without Contralateral Hearing: Implications for Cochlear Implant Rehabilitation

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Martin Chavant ◽  
Alexis Hervais-Adelman ◽  
Olivier Macherey
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Perceptual Learning ◽  
Speech Signal ◽  
Training Phase ◽  
Monosyllabic Words ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Contralateral Ear ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Vocoded Speech

Purpose An increasing number of individuals with residual or even normal contralateral hearing are being considered for cochlear implantation. It remains unknown whether the presence of contralateral hearing is beneficial or detrimental to their perceptual learning of cochlear implant (CI)–processed speech. The aim of this experiment was to provide a first insight into this question using acoustic simulations of CI processing. Method Sixty normal-hearing listeners took part in an auditory perceptual learning experiment. Each subject was randomly assigned to one of three groups of 20 referred to as NORMAL, LOWPASS, and NOTHING. The experiment consisted of two test phases separated by a training phase. In the test phases, all subjects were tested on recognition of monosyllabic words passed through a six-channel “PSHC” vocoder presented to a single ear. In the training phase, which consisted of listening to a 25-min audio book, all subjects were also presented with the same vocoded speech in one ear but the signal they received in their other ear differed across groups. The NORMAL group was presented with the unprocessed speech signal, the LOWPASS group with a low-pass filtered version of the speech signal, and the NOTHING group with no sound at all. Results The improvement in speech scores following training was significantly smaller for the NORMAL than for the LOWPASS and NOTHING groups. Conclusions This study suggests that the presentation of normal speech in the contralateral ear reduces or slows down perceptual learning of vocoded speech but that an unintelligible low-pass filtered contralateral signal does not have this effect. Potential implications for the rehabilitation of CI patients with partial or full contralateral hearing are discussed.

Optimal Experimental Design With Nesting of Persons in Organizations

2013 ◽  
Vol 221 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard J. P. van Breukelen
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Randomized Experiments ◽  
Optimal Sample ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Sampling Cost ◽  
Nested Designs ◽  
Simple Equations ◽  
Number Of Individuals

This paper introduces optimal design of randomized experiments where individuals are nested within organizations, such as schools, health centers, or companies. The focus is on nested designs with two levels (organization, individual) and two treatment conditions (treated, control), with treatment assignment to organizations, or to individuals within organizations. For each type of assignment, a multilevel model is first presented for the analysis of a quantitative dependent variable or outcome. Simple equations are then given for the optimal sample size per level (number of organizations, number of individuals) as a function of the sampling cost and outcome variance at each level, with realistic examples. Next, it is explained how the equations can be applied if the dependent variable is dichotomous, or if there are covariates in the model, or if the effects of two treatment factors are studied in a factorial nested design, or if the dependent variable is repeatedly measured. Designs with three levels of nesting and the optimal number of repeated measures are briefly discussed, and the paper ends with a short discussion of robust design.

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