scholarly journals Monitoring and Characterizing Temporal Patterns of a Large Colony of Tadarida brasiliensis (Chiroptera: Molossidae) in Argentina Using Field Observations and the Weather Radar RMA1

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lourdes Boero ◽  
Denis Poffo ◽  
Verónica Damino ◽  
Sabrina Villalba ◽  
Rubén M. Barquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Weather Radar ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Tadarida Brasiliensis ◽  
Large Colony ◽  
One Year ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Migratory colonies of up to thousands or millions of Brazilian free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) are present in temperate areas of America. The monitoring of these massive colonies is crucial to know their conservation status and to evaluate the important ecosystem services that they provide. The objectives of this study were to characterize and to monitor, with an interdisciplinary approach, one of the largest bat colonies in South America, located in La Calera (Córdoba, Argentina). This study includes eight years of field observations inside of their shelter and outside when the colony emerged. Moreover, these observations were complemented with one year of weather radar detections using the Radar Meteorológico Argentino 1 (RMA1). To determine if a detection is a true or false massive emergence of bats, an algorithm was designed. We observed that this large colony of T. brasiliensis is maternal and migratory, just like others in South and North America. This colony arrives in early spring and births occur two months later, migrations occur in early autumn, meanwhile the shelter is empty or inhabited only by a small group of individuals during the cold seasons. The colony was estimated at 900,000 individuals before births occurred. The radar detection was coincident with field observations, when a simultaneous emergence was observed, as well as in the monitoring throughout the year. This represents the first study made in South America using radar technology for monitoring a bat colony. We here demonstrate that RMA1 is a powerful tool for monitoring this colony in the long term, and even to alert possible changes in permanence in time or in the number of individuals.

Three New Species of Neocalyptrocalyx (Capparaceae) for South America

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaquelini Luber ◽  
Xavier Cornejo ◽  
Tatiana Tavares Carrijo ◽  
Vidal de Freitas Mansano
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
French Guyana ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Generic Record ◽  
Eleven Species

Neocalyptrocalyx (Capparaceae) is a Neotropical genus that comprises eleven species that occur in the lowlands of Brazil, Guyana, French Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela, and Ecuador. The study of collections deposited in herbaria added to field observations allowed the recognition of three species as new to science, and those are formally presented here: Neocalyptrocalyx aequatoriensis, known only from eastern Ecuador, Neocalyptrocalyx atlanticum from the Atlantic Forest, and Neocalyptrocalyx polycataphyllus from the Brazilian Amazonia. Neocalyptrocalyx aequatoriensis represents the new westernmost boundary for the genus and the first generic record for Ecuador. We present diagnoses, descriptions, ink illustrations, field photos, distribution maps, notes on ecology, habitat, morphology, phenology, conservation status, and a key to distinguish the new species from related species.

scholarly journals Giant otter Pteronura brasiliensis density and abundance in Llanos Orientales de Colombia in the Orinoco basin

Oryx ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Germán Garrote ◽  
Beyker Castañeda ◽  
Jose Manuel Escobar ◽  
Laura Pérez ◽  
Brayan Marín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Population Size ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Red List ◽  
Recreational Fishing ◽  
Pteronura Brasiliensis ◽  
Direct Counts

Abstract The giant otter Pteronura brasiliensis, categorized as Endangered on the IUCN Red List, was once widely distributed throughout South America. By the middle of the 20th century the giant otter had become locally extinct along the main rivers of the Orinoco basin. Although some populations seem to have recovered, the paucity of information available does not permit a full evaluation of the species' conservation status. The objective of this study was to estimate the abundance and density of the giant otter population along the Orinoco river in the municipality of Puerto Carreño, Vichada, Colombia, where there is important commercial and recreational fishing. Thirty-nine linear km were surveyed, repeatedly, with a total of 315 km of surveys. Population size was estimated by direct counts of individuals. All individuals detected were photographed and identified individually from their throat pelage patterns. In total, 30 otters were identified, giving a minimum density of 0.77 individuals per km, one of the highest reported for the species in Colombia. Given the high density in this well-developed area, our results highlight the importance of this population for the conservation of the species.

scholarly journals Morphodynamic Evolution of a Nourished Beach with Artificial Sandbars: Field Observations and Numerical Modeling

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 245
Author(s):  
Cuiping Kuang ◽  
Xuejian Han ◽  
Jiabo Zhang ◽  
Qingping Zou ◽  
Boling Dong
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Tidal Current ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Beach Nourishment ◽  
Tidal Range ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
One Year

Beach nourishment, a common practice to replenish an eroded beach face with filling sand, has become increasingly popular as an environmentally friendly soft engineering measure to tackle coastal erosion. In this study, three 200 m long offshore submerged sandbars were placed about 200 m from the shore in August 2017 for both coastal protection and beach nourishment at Shanhai Pass, Bohai Sea, northeastern China. A series of 21 beach profiles were collected from August 2017 to July 2018 to monitor the morphological changes of the nourished beach. Field observations of wave and tide levels were conducted for one year and tidal current for 25 h, respectively. To investigate the spatial-temporal responses of hydrodynamics, sediment transport, and morphology to the presence of three artificial submerged sandbars, a two-dimensional depth-averaged (2DH) multi-fraction sediment transport and morphological model were coupled with wave and current model and implemented over a spatially varying nested grid. The model results compare well with the field observations of hydrodynamics and morphological changes. The tidal range was around 1.0 m and the waves predominately came from the south-south-east (SSE) direction in the study area. The observed and predicted beach profiles indicate that the sandbars moved onshore and the morphology experienced drastic changes immediately after the introduction of sandbars and reached an equilibrium state in about one year. The morphological change was mainly driven by waves. Under the influences of the prevailing waves and the longshore drift toward the northeast, the coastline on the leeside of the sandbars advanced seaward by 35 m maximally while the rest adjacent coastline retreated severely by 44 m maximally within August 2017–July 2018. The model results demonstrate that the three sandbars have little effect on the tidal current but attenuate the incoming wave significantly. As a result, the medium-coarse sand of sandbars is transported onshore and the background silt is mainly transported offshore and partly in the longshore direction toward the northeast. The 2- and 5-year model simulation results further indicate that shoreline salient may form behind the sandbars and protrude offshore enough to reach the sandbars, similar to the tombolo behind the breakwater.

Revision of seven species of Euonymus (Celastraceae) from East and South Asia

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 288 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
CHENG DU ◽  
YUNJUAN ZUO ◽  
YUAN WANG ◽  
QUANRU LIU ◽  
JINSHUANG MA
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Euonymus Species

Based on re-collections at known sites, field observations, researches on specimens and literatures, taxonomic revisions of seven Euonymus species from East and South Asia are provided. Three easily-confused Euonymus species from E. actinocarpus s. l. are clarified. Euonymus quinquecornutus, E. stenophyllus, and E. cornutoidesare reduced to the synonym of E. cornutus, E. clivicola, and E. frigidus respectively. E. elegantissimus is re-instated. The lectotypes are also designated for thirteen names involved within this report since the holotype were not designated in the protologue. Additionally, the conservation status of these species is also reevaluated according to IUCN standards (version 3.1). Besides the above, the key to the species in sect. Uniloculares is also provided.

Podospora excentrica. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Minter
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
South America ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
New South ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Australia ◽  
South Wales

Abstract A description is provided for Podospora excentrica. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, dispersal and transmission, habitats and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (South America (Venezuela), Atlantic Ocean (Portugal (Madeira)), Australasia (Australia (New South Wales, South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia)), New Zealand, Europe (Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, UK)).

Arthrinium sphaerospermum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Minter
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Leningrad Oblast ◽  
Sakhalin Oblast

Abstract A description is provided for Arthrinium sphaerospermum, which is most frequently encountered as a saprobe on decaying leaves and stems of plants, but is also known to live as an endophyte, for example in stems of Eucalyptus, and in the phyllosphere, for example of Iris. This fungus has also been reported as the cause of poisoning through contamination of sugarcane and the causal agent of a dermatomycosis in humans. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, habitat, dispersal and transmission, economic impacts (positive and negative), and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (North America (Canada (British Columbia, New Brunswick, Ontario), Mexico, USA (Georgia, Iowa, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, South Carolina, Texas)), South America (Argentina, Uruguay), Asia (Armenia, China, India (Chhattisgarh, Meghalaya, Uttarakhand), Iran, Pakistan, Russia (Sakhalin Oblast), Uzbekistan), Europe (Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia (Leningrad Oblast), Switzerland, Ukraine, UK)).

scholarly journals The effect of the queen's age on the Varroa mite (Varroa destructor) burden of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies

2018 ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
Marianna Takács ◽  
János Oláh
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Varroa Destructor ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Brood Chamber ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Bee Colonies ◽  
Mite Mortality

An apiary trial was conducted in 2016 August to October in Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County, Nyírmada to evaluate the influence of queen’s age on the Varroa destructor-burden in the treatment colonies. Sixty colonies of bees belonging to the subspecies Apis mellifera carnica pannonica in Hunor loading hives (with 10 frames in the brood chamber/deep super) were used. The colonies were treated with amitraz and the organophosphate pesticide coumaphos active ingredients. The amitraz treatment includes 6 weeks. The coumaphos treatment with Destructor 3.2% can be used for both diagnosis and treatment of Varroasis. For diagnosis, one treatment is sufficient. For control, two treatments at an interval of seven days are required. The colonies were grouped by the age of the queen: 20 colonies with one-year-old, 20 colonies with two-year-old and 20 colonies with three-year-old queen. The mite mortality of different groups was compared. The number of fallen mites was counted at the white bottom boards. The examination of spring growth of honey bee colonies has become necessary due to the judgement of efficiency of closing treatment. The data was recorded seven times between 16th March 2017 and 19th May 2017. Data on fallen mites were subjected to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Post-Hoc Tukey-test. Statistical analysis was performed using the software of IBM SPSS (version 21.). During the first two weeks after treatments, the number of fallen mites was significantly higher in the older queen’s colonies (Year 2014). The total mite mortality after amitraz treatment in the younger queen’s colonies was lower (P<0.05) compared to the three-year-old queen’s colonies. According to Takács and Oláh (2016) although the mitemortality tendency, after the coumaphos (closing) treatment in colonies which have Year 2014 queen showed the highest rate, considering the mite-burden the colonies belongs to the average infected category. The colonial maintenance ability of three-year-old queen cannot be judged based on the influencing effect on the mite-burden. The importance of the replacement of the queen was judged by the combined effect of several factors. During the spring-growth study (16th March–19th May) was experienced in the three-year-old queen’s colonies the number of brood frames significantly lower compared to the one- and two-year-old queen’s colonies. In the study of 17th April and 19th May each of the three queen-year-groups were varied. Therefore in the beekeeping season at different times were determined the colonial maintenance ability of queens by more factors: efficiency of closing treatment in early spring, the spring-growth of bee colonies, the time of population shift (in current study, this time was identical in each queen-year), honey production (from black locust).

scholarly journals Sexual maturation in Atlantic salmon male parr may be triggered both in early spring and late summer under standard farming conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elia Ciani ◽  
Kristine von Krogh ◽  
Rasoul Nourizadeh-Lillabadi ◽  
Ian Mayer ◽  
Romain Fontaine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Farmed Salmon ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
One Year ◽  
Immature Fish

AbstractMale Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) display different sexual strategies, maturing either as parr during the freshwater phase (as sneaky spawners), or as post smolts following one or several years at sea. First sexual maturation (puberty) occurs at different times depending on environmental and genetic factors. To improve our knowledge on the timing (age and season) of first sexual maturation in Atlantic salmon male parr, we investigated pubertal activation in second generation farmed salmon from the Norwegian river Figgjo, reared under natural conditions of photoperiod and water temperature. Histological analysis, in combination with morphometric measurements, plasma androgen levels and pituitary gonadotropin gene expression analysis revealed that, as previously reported, some male parr initiated early sexual maturation in spring at one year of age. Interestingly, some male parr were observed to initiate sexual maturation already in autumn, six months after hatching (under-yearlings), much earlier than reported in previous studies. One-year old maturing males showed a low induction in gonadotropin levels, while under-yearling maturing males displayed a significant increase in fshb transcripts as compared to immature fish. Plasma testosterone, detectable also in immature males, increased constantly during testes development, while 11-ketotestosterone, undetectable in immature and early maturing males, increased during more advanced stages of maturation. A mild feminization of the testes (ovotestes) was detected in a subset of samples. This study brings new knowledge on the little investigated field of sexually maturing under-yearlings in Atlantic salmon. This is also the first study comparing the physiology of under-yearling vs one-year old maturing male parr, thus bringing new insights to the remarkable plasticity of Atlantic salmon puberty.

Taxonomy, natural history, and conservation of the Great-billed Seed-Finch Sporophila maximiliani (Cabanis, 1851) (Thraupidae, Sporophilinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4442 (4) ◽  
pp. 551 ◽  
Author(s):  
FLÁVIO KULAIF UBAID ◽  
LUÍS FABIO SILVEIRA ◽  
CESAR A. B. MEDOLAGO ◽  
THIAGO V. V. COSTA ◽  
MERCIVAL ROBERTO FRANCISCO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
South America ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
History Of

Seed-finches are small-sized Neotropical granivorous birds characterized by extremely strong and thick beaks. Among these birds, the Great-billed Seed-Finch Sporophila maximiliani has been selectively and intensively trapped to the extent that has become one of the most endangered bird species in South America, yet its taxonomy remains complex and controversial. Two subspecies have been recognized: S. m. maximiliani (Cabanis, 1851), mainly from the Cerrado of central South America, and S. m. parkesi Olson (= Oryzoborus m. magnirostris), from northeastern South America. Originally, S. m. parkesi was diagnosed as being larger than the Large-billed Seed-Finch, S. c. crassirostris (Gmelin, 1789), but proper comparisons with S. m. maximiliani, which is larger than S. c. crassirostris, were never performed. Here we provide a review of the taxonomic and nomenclatural history of S. maximiliani, reevaluate the validity and taxonomic status of the subspecies based on morphological characters, and significantly revise its geographic distribution. Analyses based on plumage patterns and a Principal Component Analysis of morphometric characters indicated that S. m. parkesi is most appropriately treated as a synonym of the nominate taxon, which results in a monotypic S. maximiliani comprising two disjunct populations. Further, we conducted systematic searches for S. maximiliani in Brazil, in an attempt to obtain natural history information. After more than 6,000 hours of fieldwork in 45 areas of potential and historical occurrence, S. maximiliani was located only in two sites, in marshy environments called veredas, confirming the critical conservation status of this species, at least in Brazil. We discuss the conservation potential for, and the problems involved with, captive breeding of S. maximiliani for reintroduction into the wild. 

Passalora bupleuri. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Andrianova
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Voronezh Oblast ◽  
Belgorod Oblast ◽  
Tver Oblast ◽  
Stavropol Krai

Abstract A description is provided for Passalora bupleuri, a colonizer of living leaves, causing mild leaf spot symptoms and further leaf fading and drying, probably hastening leaf death. Some information on its habitat, dispersal and transmission, and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (South America (Chile), Asia (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, India (Orissa and West Bengal), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia (Kamchatka oblast, Primorye krai) and Uzbekistan), Caribbean (Cuba) and Europe (Bulgaria, Estonia, Germany, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Russia (Belgorod oblast, Kabardino-Balkaria Republic, Leningradskaya oblast, Lipetsk oblast, Stavropol krai, Tver oblast, Voronezh oblast), Slovakia, Spain and Ukraine)) and hosts (including Bupleurum tenuissimum).

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