scholarly journals Examination of the Causes and Consequences of International Migration in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 180-193
Author(s):  
Innocent U Duru
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Standards Of Living ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The Government

This study examined the leading causes and consequences of international migration in Nigeria. A survey research design was utilized for the study. The data was collected through a structured questionnaire. The opinions of 100 respondents selected through the purposive sampling technique were obtained on the principal causes and consequences of international migration in Nigeria. The findings revealed that the principal causes of international migration in Nigeria were job opportunities, unemployment, wealth prospects, safety and security, better conditions of service, low salaries and higher standards of living. These foremost causes of international migration in Nigeria were mostly economic factors. Furthermore, the findings showed that the foremost positive and negative effects of international migration in Nigeria were integrated development, increase in remittances, cheap and surplus labour, urban services and social infrastructure under stress, stricter immigration norms, multi-ethnic society and increased tolerance, Xenophobia, close gaps in skills and cultural dilution. These effects were economic, social and political. Among others, the study, thus, recommends that: the strategies of the government for stemming international migration should address push factors of unemployment, safety and security and low salaries and pull factors such as job opportunities, wealth prospects, better conditions of service and higher standards of living since they are the root causes of international migration. Furthermore, migration, a long-standing poverty reduction and strategy for human development need to be mainstreamed into policies of development in Nigeria at the Federal, State and Local Governments.

Within Source Diversification When the Going Gets Tough: Examining Alterations to Human Service Nonprofit Funding by Levels of Government

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-66
Keyword(s):  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Human Service ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
The United States ◽  
Government Funding ◽  
Federal State ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Nonprofit Funding ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The Government

Government increasingly relies on nonprofit organizations to deliver public services, especially for human services. As such, human service nonprofits receive a substantial amount of revenue from government agencies via grants and contracts. Yet, times of crises result in greater demand for services, but often with fewer financial resources. As governments and nonprofits are tasked to do more with less, how does diversification within the government funding stream influence government-nonprofit funding relationships? More specifically, we ask: How do the number of different government partners and the type of government funder—federal, state, or local—influence whether nonprofits face alterations to government funding agreements? Drawing upon data from over 2,000 human service nonprofits in the United States, following the Great Recession, we find nonprofit organizations that only received funds from the federal government were less likely to experience funding alterations. This helps to illustrate the economic impact of the recession on state and local governments as well as the nonprofit organizations that partner with them.

Cybercrime

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-27
Author(s):  
Henry Chima Ukwuoma
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Cyber Terrorism ◽  
Online Fraud ◽  
Cyber Space ◽  
State And Local

This paper presents the nature, effects, and dynamics of cybercrime in Nigeria and its effects to economic development in the country. The paper is sourced for secondary data through, journals, periodicals and publications as well as obtained primary data from the field. Primary data was sourced through the distribution of 66 questionnaires using the purposive sampling technique. Findings revealed that there exists an insecure cyberspace in Nigeria and the activities of the cybercriminals affects the economy negatively by discouraging Nigerians from partaking in electronic services/transactions, thus discouraging Nigerians from accepting the concept of digital economy. Findings also revealed that activities such as unauthorized access, hacking and cracking, online fraud, identity theft, cyber terrorism, amongst others were dominant threats in the cyberspace and finally the cyberspace provide jobs and by implication contribute to the socioeconomic development of the Nigerian State. Recommendations proffered include the federal government to train and retrain forensic experts in all financial/security agencies towards achieving a secured cyber space and the need for the federal, state, and local governments to create awareness amongst others.

scholarly journals Taxation, revenue allocation and fiscal federalism in Nigeria: Issues, challenges and policy options

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (189) ◽  
pp. 27-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeleke Salami
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Fiscal Federalism ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Oil Revenue ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The Government

Taxation is one of the most important and easy sources of revenue to any government, as the government possesses inherent power to impose taxes and levies. Nigeria tax system has been weak due largely to inadequate data of the tax base and heavy reliance on oil revenue. With the volatility in oil prices and excruciating impacts of the recent global financial crisis, taxation deserves more attention now than ever before in Nigeria. One issue that is critical to domestic resource mobilization and utilization is the issue of fiscal federalism. Nigeria operates three tiers of government; Federal, State and Local Governments with separate revenue, expenditure, and assigned responsibilities each. However, all decisions including resources are controlled from the centre and the vertical revenue allocations tilt more towards the direction of federal government, contrary to the tenets of federalism the country is practicing. Both vertical and horizontal revenue in Nigeria is engulfed in controversy. The paper presents key issues, trend and challenges of taxation and fiscal federalism in Nigeria. In addition, the paper highlights a number of suggestions that would stimulate increase in tax revenue and guarantee fiscal assignment acceptable to the federal and sub-national government.

Assessment of participation and poverty levels of IFAD/NDDC/community- based natural resource programme farmers in Abia state, Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-203
Author(s):  
CU Nwaobiala ◽  
CK Osondu
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resource ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Community Based ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Poverty Levels ◽  
Farm Inputs ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Participation and poverty levels of IFAD/NDDC/Community-Based Natural Resource Management Programme farmers in Abia State were studied and assessed in 2012. Purposive and multistage random sampling techniques were used in the selection of Local Government Areas, participating communities, farmer groups and participating farmers. The sample size was 120 participating farmers. Data were collected with a structured questionnaire and analyzed with descriptive statistics and poverty analysis. The result indicated that IFAD participating farmers were actively involved in crop (M= 4.7), livestock (M= 3.8), fisheries (M= 3.7) and apiary (M= 3.4) technologies of the programme. The results of poverty indices of IFAD farmers showed that the poverty incidence was 33.33% and poverty gap (21.87%). Also, 2.5%, 20.83% and 76.67% of IFAD farmers were extremely poor, moderately poor and non-poor respectively. It is therefore recommended that policies aimed at timely supply of farm inputs since farming is time bound, replication of the programme to other communities and prompt payment of counterpart funds by federal, state and local governments were advocated for poverty reduction in the rural areas.Key words: Assessment, Participation, Poverty, IFAD, Farmers

scholarly journals An Investigation into the Challenges Facing Collection and Distribution of Educational Data in F.C.T Educational Institutions, Abuja, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-113
Author(s):  
Ogunode Niyi Jacob ◽  
Adah Samuel ◽  
Auduh Elizabeth I ◽  
Abubakar Musa
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The Government

This study investigated the challenges facing the collection and distribution of educational data in F.C.T Educational institutions, Abuja, Nigeria. The researchers used descriptive research survey design for the study. The study comprised a population of one hundred and twenty (120) respondents which made up of data collection officers in the selected educational institutions across the FCT. Ten (10) data collection officers from each area council and ten (10) data collection officers from six departments/agencies/units within the ministries of education in Abuja were used in the study. Purposive, Stratified and systematic sampling technique was used to select the sample population from the educational institutions across Abuja. The reliability of the instrument was determined through the test re-test method. Data was collected by questionnaire and were analyzed using percentage and chi-square. The study led to the conclusion that inadequate funding,  shortage of professional data collection officers, inadequate working materials, institutional corruption, poor capacity development programme of data collection officers, poor methods and approaches used for collecting data, poor supervision and inspection and political influence are the problems hindering effective data collection and distribution in educational institutions. The study also established that there is significant relationship between challenges and collection and distribution of educational data in schools. Based on this finding, the following were recommended: that the federal, state and local government should increase the funding of education and more priority should be given to data collection and distribution funding and the government at every level in FCT should employ more data collection officers and deploy them to the primary and secondary schools in FCT.

The Economic Burden Shouldered by Public and Private Entities as a Consequence of Health Disparities Between Men and Women

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 528-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armin Brott ◽  
Adam Dougherty ◽  
Scott T. Williams ◽  
Janet H. Matope ◽  
Ana Fadich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Care Quality ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Preventative Care ◽  
Lost Productivity ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The Government

On average, American men live shorter, less healthy lives than women. They are more likely to be the victim of a violent crime, die in a car crash, commit suicide, and be injured at work. In addition, men have higher death rates in 9 of the top 10 causes of death, and are less likely to receive routine preventative care, leaving men with a life span that is significantly shorter than women’s. Recently, policy makers and researchers have been paying more attention to health disparities including race, sex, and ethnicity. However, men are still noticeably absent from these discussions despite being significantly harmed by disparities in preventive care, quality of life, and overall health outcomes. Ignoring these disparities is costly in terms of lost productivity, lives lost, and financial costs incurred by the government and employers each year. Premature death and morbidity in men costs federal, state, and local governments in excess of $142 billion annually. It also costs U.S.employers and society as a whole in excess of $156 billion annually in direct medical payments and lost productivity and an additional $181 billion annually in decreased quality of life. As federal and state governments and the private sector struggle with increasing health entitlement burdens—including escalating health care costs—eliminating male health inequities emerges as an important source of savings. This analysis will examine the economic and intangible costs associated with the health disparities that exist between genders and the benefits reaped if these disparities are reduced or eliminated.

Answering Taxpayers

2019 ◽  
pp. 258-278
Author(s):  
Jason Brennan ◽  
Phillip Magness
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Colleges And Universities ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Fire Departments ◽  
The Public ◽  
Tax Benefits ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Many

This chapter considers the many perks enjoyed by colleges at the expense of taxpayers. American colleges and universities spend about half a trillion dollars a year on direct operations. Federal, state, and local governments cover a large portion of these expenses. Overall, colleges get about 37 percent of their revenue from the government. This number does not include indirect spending, such as the public goods colleges consume without having to pay taxes. Colleges do not pay for roads, police, fire departments, military defense, and so on, in the communities where they operate. They also enjoy substantial tax benefits on everything from the property they own to the purchases they make to the way they invest money under their endowments. Thus, colleges receive other hidden subsidies and perks not reflected in those numbers.

Whose money matters in public education: A “public” good that parents purchase

2021 ◽  
pp. 147821032110343
Author(s):  
Eunju Kang
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Public Education ◽  
School Districts ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
New York State ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Education Funding ◽  
Funding Policy ◽  
State And Local

Instead of asking whether money matters, this paper questions whose money matters in public education. Previous literature on education funding uses an aggregate expenditure per pupil to measure the relationship between education funding and academic performance. Federalism creates mainly three levels of funding sources: federal, state, and local governments. Examining New York State school districts, most equitably funded across school districts among the 50 states, this paper shows that neither federal nor state funds are positively correlated with graduation rates. Only local revenues for school districts indicate a strong positive impact. Parents’ money matters. This finding contributes to a contentious discourse on education funding policy in the governments, courts, and academia with respect to education funding and inequality in American public schools.

scholarly journals Bridging the policy-implementation gap in federal health systems: lessons from the Nigerian experience

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Mckenzie ◽  
Emmanuel Sokpo ◽  
Alastair Ager
Keyword(s):  
Complex Adaptive Systems ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Global Alliance ◽  
Programme Design ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The Government

The Partnership for Reviving Routine Immunization in Northern Nigeria - Maternal, Newborn and Child Health initiative supports efforts by the government of Nigeria to bridge primary health care (PHC) policies and services at three levels of government: federal, state and local. The paper suggests that understandings informed by complexity theory and complex adaptive systems have been helpful in shaping policy and programme design across these levels. To illustrate this, three initiatives are explored: <em>Bringing PHC under one roof</em>, enhancing access to funding provided by the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization, and strengthening the midwives service scheme. These initiatives have demonstrated how concepts and experience developed at subnational level can influence national policy and practice, and how work at subnational levels can add value to nationally conceived and nationally driven plans for PHC.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document