Farmers’ Capacity and Rice Productivity in Climate Change Adaptation in Central Lampung Regency, Indonesia

Climate change is an extreme natural change condition due to global warming that cannot be avoided, and will have a broad impact on various aspects of life, including the agricultural sector. The impact of climate change that occurs in the agricultural sector, namely flood and drought that cause plants to crop failure , is becoming greater, causing significant reduction in agricultural production, especially rice, requiring that farmers have the ability to adapt to climate change. The purposes of this study are to analyze the relationship between the performance level of agricultural extension workers and the capacity level of farmers in regard to climate change adaptation, and to analyze the relationship between the level of farmer capacity in climate change adaptation and rice productivity. The research was conducted in Central Lampung Regency in 2019 using a total of 100 rice farmers. The data analysis method used is Spearman rank correlation analysis. The results show that the performance level of agricultural instructors is significantly related to the level of knowledge capacity, attitude, and skills of farmers in climate change adaptation. Knowledge capacity, attitude, and skills of farmers in climate change adaptation are significantly related to rice productivity.

Download Full-text

Does climate change adaptation lead to increased productivity of rice production? Lessons from Ebonyi State, Nigeria

Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems ◽

10.1017/s1742170519000486 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Robert Ugochukwu Onyeneke

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Climate Change Adaptation ◽

Returns To Scale ◽

Rice Production ◽

Probit Regression ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Rice Productivity ◽

Impact Of Climate Change ◽

Rice Farmers ◽

The Impact

Abstract Climate change negatively impacts rice productivity in different parts of Africa. As a matter of necessity, farmers must respond to changing the climate by choosing adaptation strategies that increase their productivities. Incidentally, studies that documented the impact of climate change adaptation actions of farmers on rice productivity are few. This study therefore analyzed the impact of climate change adaptation decisions of farmers on the profitability of rice production using cross-sectional data gathered from 240 rice farmers selected from Ebonyi State, an important rice-producing State in Nigeria, Africa's most populous country. Using descriptive statistics, multivariate probit regression, instrumental variable regression and endogenous treatment effect model, the study revealed that the common adaptation actions of rice farmers involved adoption of minimum tillage, bond and drainage, fertilizer, crop diversification, livelihood diversification, improved rice varieties, pesticide, nursery, and adjusting planting and harvesting dates. The study found several significant interactions between the choice of climate change adaptation actions and socio-economic, farm, institutional and location characteristics of rice farmers. The result further revealed that multiple adaptation decisions of farmers significantly increased returns to scale and profit of rice production. The study concludes that adaptation decisions are effective in increasing the profitability and returns to scale of rice production in the area and other regions with similar geographical, meteorological and socio-economic contexts.

Download Full-text

Farm households’ perception on climate change and adaptation practices

International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management ◽

10.1108/ijccsm-07-2016-0099 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 433-445 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Binaya Joshi ◽

Weihong Ji ◽

Narayan Babu Joshi

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Climate Change Adaptation ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Potato Production ◽

Farming System ◽

Adaptation Strategies ◽

Agricultural Activity ◽

Content Type ◽

The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to assess the farming community’s perception on important parameters of climate change and identify major practices and technologies adopted to mitigate the impacts of climate change and their determinants in mountain district of Nepal. Being an agrarian economy and dependent on monsoon rain, the impact of climate change on agricultural productivity and production has been experienced. Different adaptation strategies have been adopted by the communities to cope with the consequences of climate change. Design/methodology/approach Four village development committees (VDCs) situated in the buffer zone of Langtang National Park of Rasuwa district representing rice, wheat, maize and potato production area was purposively selected for this study. A two-stage sampling technique was adopted for data and information collection. Thirty households from each VDC were randomly selected. Data on the socio-economic and climate change perception were collected using structured questionnaire. A binary logistic regression technique was used to identify the determinants of climate change adaptation technologies and practices. Findings The farmers’ decisions whether to adopt climate change adaptation technologies are governed by the size of landholding, perceived threat of climate change to food security, education level and gender of the interviewee, perception on the increased incidence of droughts during rainy season and income received from the off-farm sources. In a community where agricultural activity is the dominant means of living, adaptive strategies help to increase the capacity of a farming system to survive external shocks and cope with the consequences. Originality/value The assessment of farm-level adaptation strategies and factors influencing their adoption decision is important to formulate policies and design programs. This will also help to recognize adaptation as a tool for managing a variety of risks associated with climate change in agricultural sector.

Download Full-text

Determination of priority locations to support climate change adaptation

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/892/1/012057 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 892 (1) ◽

pp. 012057

Author(s):

D Firda ◽

W Estiningtyas

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

El Niño ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

El Nino ◽

Rice Production ◽

La Niña ◽

La Nina ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Climate change has had a significant impact on the agricultural sector and the impact is different in each place due to spatial variations in Indonesia. One of the efforts that must be made to reduce risk is to adapt. The purpose of this paper is to determine the key locations and their relationship to rice production for adaptation to climate change. Rainfall data and Oceanic Nino Index (ONI) are used to see the relationship between these two parameters through regression analysis and significance in El Niño and La Niña conditions. In El Niño conditions 24 key locations were obtained and in La Niña 3 priority locations. From the selected key locations, regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between rainfall and rice production. The regression results at the sample locations show a fairly high R2 value, namely 0.4 to 0.9, namely in Juntinyuat (West Java), Palasari (Bali), and Detusoko (East Nusa Tenggara). Other key locations are also found in several provinces. This key location is a priority location where the rainfall is strongly influenced by the extreme climate phenomenon El Niño and La Niña so that it can be used to assess the impact and monitor its impact on food farming. Socialization of the use of climate information to extension workers and farmers will greatly help reduce risks and increase capacity to adapt to climate change.

Download Full-text

Perceptions, Knowledge and Adaptation About Climate Change: A Study on Farmers of Haor Areas After a Flash Flood in Bangladesh

Climate ◽

10.3390/cli7070085 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (7) ◽

pp. 85

Author(s):

Ferdushi ◽

Ismail ◽

Kamil

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Food Security ◽

Climate Change Adaptation ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Flash Flood ◽

Flash Floods ◽

Lowland Rice ◽

Rice Farmers ◽

The Impact ◽

National Food Security

Bangladesh remains one of the most vulnerable countries in the world to the effects of climate change. Given the reliance of a large segment of the population on the agricultural sector for both their livelihoods as well as national food security, climate change adaptation in the agricultural sector is crucial for continued national food security and economic growth. Using household data from lowland rice farmers of selected haor areas in Sylhet, the current work presents an analysis of the determinants behind the implementation of different climate change adaptation strategies by lowland rice farmers. The first objective of this study was to explore the extent of awareness of climate change within this population as well as the type of opinions held by lowland rice farmers with respect to climate change. To serve this purpose, a severity index (SI) was developed and subsequently employed to evaluate the perceptions and attitudes of 378 farmers with respect to climate change vulnerability. Respondents were interviewed with respect to climate change related circumstances they faced in their daily lives. Attained SI index values ranged from 69.18% to 93.52%. The SI for the perception “Climate change affects rice production” was measured as 93.52%. Using data collected from the same 378 farmers, a logistic regression was carried out to investigate the impact of socio-economic and institutional factors on adaptation. The results show that credit from non-government organizations is highly statistically significant for adaptation, and that rural market structure also has a positive effect on adaptation. Among the studied factors, credit from non-governmental organizations (NGOs) was found to be the most important factor for adaptation. The results of this work further indicate that marginal farmers would benefit from government (GoB) funded seasonal training activities that cover pertinent information regarding adaptation after flash floods. Additionally, the authors of this piece recommend timely issuance of government-assisted credit during early flash floods to afflicted farmers, as such an initiative can aid farmers in adapting different strategies to mitigate losses and enhance their productivity as well as livelihood.

Download Full-text

Hypothesis Testing on Environmental Kuznets Curve of Agricultural Sector in Java Island: Panel Data Analysis

Agro Ekonomi ◽

10.22146/jae.25703 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 95

Author(s):

Ali Hasyim Al rosyid ◽

Irham Irham ◽

Jangkung Handoyo Mulyo

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽

Environmental Conservation ◽

Kuznets Curve ◽

Gas Emission ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

One obstacle in the improvement of community welfare in the agricultural sector, especially in Java, is the environmental externality which constantly exists in every economic activity. The objective of this research was to estimate greenhouse gas emission coming from agricultural sector in Java and identify whether farmers in Java had allocated environmental conservation costs as the impact of greenhouse gas emission from agricultural activities in Java. The inventory method of greenhouse gas emission from agricultural sector is based on inventory guidelines published by IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) in 2006. As for the analysis to determine the relationship between greenhouse gas emission and GRDP of agricultural subsector per agricultural labor, The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) was employed, alongside greenhouse gas emission indicators representing environmental degradation and GRDP of agricultural subsector per agricultural worker representing of per capita income of agricultural. Overall, greenhouse gas emissions, both CH4 methane emissions and carbon dioxide emission (CO2) - produced from rice cultivation, fertilizer application, livestock enteric fermentation and poultry manure - are gradually increasing. And the relationship between greenhouse gas emission and GRDP per worker has inverted-U shape; and it is in line with EKC hypothesis. Thereby, the role of the entire community elements and government support in implementing mitigation technology and agricultural adaptation is needed to cope with impacts of greenhouse gas emission, such as climate change.

Download Full-text

Exploring Women’s Differentiated Access to Climate-Smart Agricultural Interventions in Selected Climate-Smart Villages of Latin America

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su131910951 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (19) ◽

pp. 10951

Author(s):

Mariola Acosta ◽

Simon Riley ◽

Osana Bonilla-Findji ◽

Deissy Martínez-Barón ◽

Fanny Howland ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Latin America ◽

Educational Attainment ◽

Climate Change Adaptation ◽

Financial Services ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Interaction Effects ◽

Female Farmers ◽

Higher Educational Attainment ◽

The Relationship

Much of the literature examining the role of gender in processes of climate change adaptation in the agricultural sector has focused primarily on differences between male and female farmers, implicitly treating men and women as homogenous groups. Where heterogeneity exists within these groups which impacts climate change adaptation efforts and outcomes, an understanding of such intersectionalities is vital to the design of effective and equitable policy. The objective of this study is to investigate whether interaction effects among socio-economic factors are meaningful drivers of observed differences among female farmers in their adoption of climate-smart agricultural (CSA) practices, as well as their use of climate information and financial services. This study employs data from farmer surveys in three Climate-Smart Villages in Latin America, analyzed using ordinal logistic regression and canonical correspondence analysis. The results indicate that important interaction effects are present: the relationship between higher educational attainment and increased adoption of CSA practices, for example, is conditional on the degree of livelihood diversification. The relationship between greater educational attainment and increased use of climate forecasts is likewise conditional on age. These results suggest the need for researchers and policymakers to anticipate potential intersectionalities when designing research efforts and development interventions.

Download Full-text

Multiple Regression Modeling for Age Estimation by Assessment and Comparison of Spheno-Occipital Synchondrosis Fusion and Cervical Vertebral Maturation Stages

Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B Skull Base ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1722277 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ceren Aktuna Belgin ◽

Seval Bayrak ◽

Kaan Orhan ◽

Handan Ankarali

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Regression ◽

Age Estimation ◽

Rank Correlation ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Spearman Rank Correlation Analysis ◽

Maturation Stages ◽

Multiple Regression Modeling ◽

Cervical Vertebral Maturation ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was (1) to evaluate the relationship between spheno-occipital synchondrosis (SOS) fusion stages, cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) stages, and clivus sizes with chronological age on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images, and (2) to compare these methods for accurate age estimation using regression analysis. Materials and Methods The CBCT images of 200 individuals (102 females and 98 males) were included in the study. The SOS fusion stages and CVM stages were evaluated. The width and length of the clivus were measured. The effects of SOS fusion stages, CVM stages, clivus width, and clivus length on age estimation were evaluated by univariate tests and the effects of coexistence with ANCOVA and regression model. Spearman rank correlation analysis was also used to investigate the relationship between the SOS fusion stage, CVM stage, clivus width, and clivus length. Results The SOS stages, CVM stages, and clivus width were not shown statistically significant differences between the sexes (p-values = 0.205, 0.162, and 0.277, respectively), whereas clivus length was significantly longer in males (42.9 ± 4.26 mm) than in females (41.04 ± 3.74 mm). Multiple regression analysis showed 80% success when all parameters (SOS fusion stages, CVM stages, clivus width, and clivus length) were taken into consideration. Conclusion In conclusion, with the use of CVM stages and SOS fusion stages together, an accurate and reliable age estimation can be obtained in forensic medicine.

Download Full-text

The Impact of Climate Change Adaptation Strategies on Income and Food Security: Empirical Evidence from Small-Scale Fishers in Indonesia

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13147905 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (14) ◽

pp. 7905

Author(s):

Moh. Shadiqur Rahman ◽

Hery Toiba ◽

Wen-Chi Huang

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Food Security ◽

Climate Change Adaptation ◽

Substantial Effect ◽

Adaptation Strategies ◽

Small Scale ◽

Probit Regression ◽

The Government ◽

The Impact ◽

Climate Change Adaptation Strategies

The impacts of climate change on marine capture fisheries have been observed in several studies. It is likely to have a substantial effect on fishers’ income and food security. This study aims to estimate the impact of adaptation strategies on fishers’ income and their household’s food security. Data were collected from small-scale fishers’ households, which own a fishing boat smaller or equal to five gross tonnages (GT). The study sites were the two coastal regions of Malang and Probolinggo in East Java, Indonesia, due to the meager socioeconomic resources caused by climate change. A probit regression model was used to determine the factors influencing the fishers’ adaptation. Propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to evaluate the impact of the adaptation strategies on income and food security. Food security was measured by food consumption score (FCS). The findings indicated that participation in the fishers’ group affected adaptation strategies significantly, and so did the access to credit and climate information. Also, PSM showed that the adaptation strategies had a positive and significant impact on fishers’ income and food security. Those who applied the adaptation strategies had a higher income and FCS than those who did not. This finding implies that the fishery sector’s adaptation strategies can have significant expansion outcome and reduce exposure to risks posed by climate change. Therefore, the arrangement of more climate change adaptation strategies should be promoted by the government for small-scale fishers in Indonesia.

Download Full-text

Attitude Changes of Stakeholders towards Climate Change Adaptation Policies in Agricultural Sector by Online Deliberation

Climate ◽

10.3390/cli9050075 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 75

Author(s):

Kenshi Baba ◽

Eri Amanuma ◽

Motoko Kosugi

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Climate Change Adaptation ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Virtual Communities ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Climate Change Impacts ◽

Online Deliberation ◽

Pros And Cons ◽

Adaptation Policies ◽

Attitude Changes

This study set up online virtual communities consisting of farmers and stakeholders involved in agriculture and nonfarmers living in rural areas interested in agricultural production. We conducted a deliberation within the communities for 14 days on identifying important climate change adaptation policies for 30 years later under climate change impacts with the relevant knowledge from experts. During the deliberation, after self-introduction took place including the realization of climate change impacts, the participants were provided with the expert knowledge on impacts of climate change, adaptation policies in agricultural sector and so on, then the following discussions covered issues such as the distribution of agricultural produce, insufficient successors, and support for farmers, such as impacts on crops during disasters concerning future scenarios. Attitude changes before and after deliberation were observed in terms of the pros and cons of climate change adaptation policies in agriculture and rural areas, but statistically significant differences were not observed. On the other hand, a statistically significant change was observed in some determinants of the pros and cons, such as the perceived effectiveness and goal intention. This structural change results from that the participants became aware of a different perspective through deliberation. Thus, the online deliberation process was effective to some extent in increasing knowledge and promoting deeper understanding among participants during inquiry and reasoning was deepened in the process as they listened to the opinions of others in a different position with a different idea as well as read and search for scientific findings and information provided by experts.

Download Full-text