scholarly journals KASHEVAROVA-RUDNEVA Varvara Alexandrovna - Russia's first woman doctor and a doctor of medicine (to the 175th of birthday)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Alexander Alekseevich Andreev ◽  
Anton Petrovich Ostroushko
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Doctoral Dissertation ◽  
Pathological Anatomy ◽  
Russian Scientist ◽  
Medical Gazette ◽  
Medical Degree ◽  
Woman Doctor ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Receive

Kashevarova-Rudneva Varvara Alexandrovna (1842-1899) – Russian scientist, the first woman to receive the title of doctor and doctor of medicine, accepted by the Society of Russian doctors in St. Petersburg. Rudneva-Kashevarova Varvara Alexandrovna was born in 1842 in Vitebsk. In 1862, she finished training at the Midwifery Institute in St. Petersburg educational house, and then courses on detection and treatment of syphilis in Kalinkinskogo hospital in St. Petersburg. In 1863, she enrolled at the St. Petersburg medical-surgical Academy, becoming the first student-woman to have officially crossed the threshold of the Medico-surgical Academy in St. Petersburg, which she graduated in 1868 with the attribution of a diploma of "doctor" in the specialty of obstetrician-gynecologist, became the first woman to receive a medical degree in Russia. In 1876 she defended her doctoral dissertation on "Materials for pathological anatomy of the uterine vagina", i.e. she became the first woman in Russia to defend her thesis. She was the first woman accepted into the Society of Russian doctors in St. Petersburg. Together with her second husband, Professor Rudnev, Kashevarova was one of the originators of the Russian Oncology. She died on January 30, 1899, in the 58th year of life and are buried in the cemetery of the Staro-Preobrazhensky monastery in Staraya Russa. Major works: "a Chronic inflammation of the decidua membrane of the uterus" (Medical Gazette, 1868; "About free abdominal bodies" (virkhov's Archive, vol. 47); "the doctrine of placental polyps" (Journal for normal and pathological anatomy, 1873); Materials for pathological anatomy of the uterine vagina (1876); "Hygiene of the female body in all phases of life" (1892); the story "Pioneer" and "The history of women's medical education" (autobiography, "news", 1886); "Village notes" ("news", 1888 and others).

scholarly journals Sofia Parfanovych - a Woman Doctor, an Innovator of Medical Education in Ukraine: some actual issues

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliya Stytsiuk
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Medical Education ◽  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Public Figure ◽  
Woman Doctor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Heritage

Abstract: The article analyzes the main milestones of the prominent Ukrainian doctor, public figure, writer of the early to mid-twentieth century Sofia Parfanovych. There are three main aspects of her historical heritage: scientific, educational and literary. New variants of topics of lectures and seminars for studying the history of Ukrainian medicine of the beginning of the XX century in the course of disciplines “History of medicine” and “Development of medical knowledge” are offered.

scholarly journals On the history of higher medical education for women in Russia

2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
A. P. Kalchenko ◽  
V. G. Abashin ◽  
Y. V. Tsvelev
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Skilled Labor ◽  
Women's Labor ◽  
The Public ◽  
Labor Education ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Higher Medical Education

The history of women's medical education and the use of women's labor in the public service in Russia is essentially a history of women's struggle for equality, the opportunity to receive education and access to skilled labor. Education was seen as a guarantee of participation in the expected reform of society, as a form of emancipation and the conquest of civil rights.

Professional Qualification of German Physicians in Medical Informatics

1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (03) ◽  
pp. 312-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Michaelis
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Federal Republic ◽  
Medical Informatics ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Professional Qualification ◽  
Medical Degree ◽  
Formal Program ◽  
Medical Domain

Abstract:In addition to the medical education in the Federal Republic of Germany which includes a compulsory Medical Informatics course there exists a formal program for professional qualification of physicians in Medical Informatics. After two years of clinical practice and 1.5 years of professional training at an authorized institution, a physician may receive in addition to the medical degree a “supplement Medical Informatics”. The qualification requirements are described in detail. Physicians with the additional Medical Informatics qualification perform responsible tasks in their medical domain and serve as partners for fully specialized Medical Informatics ex-’ perts in the solution of practical Medical Informatics problems. The formal qualification is available for more than 10 years, has become increasingly attractive, and is expected to grow with respect to future Medical Informatics developments.

Pseudo-Parkinson Disease Secondary to Ritonavir–Buspirone Interaction

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick G Clay ◽  
Molly M Adams
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interaction ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Resting Tremor ◽  
Case Summary ◽  
History Of ◽  
Drug Drug Interaction ◽  
To Receive

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of Parkinson-like symptoms appearing in a patient after introduction of ritonavir to buspirone therapy. CASE SUMMARY: A 54-year-old HIV-positive white man presented to the clinic with a 2-week history of ataxia, shuffling gait, cogwheel rigidity, resting tremor, and sad affect with masked features. This patient had been receiving high-dose buspirone (40 mg every morning and 30 mg every evening) for 2 years prior to the introduction of ritonavir/indinavir combination therapy (400 mg/400 mg twice daily) 6 weeks prior to initiation of the above symptoms. Buspirone was decreased to 15 mg 3 times daily, ritonavir/indinavir was discontinued, and amprenavir 1200 mg twice daily was added. The patient's symptoms began to subside after 1 week, with complete resolution after about 2 weeks. The patient continued to receive buspirone for an additional 12 months without recurrence of symptoms. DISCUSSION: This is the first reported interaction of buspirone and antiretrovirals. Buspirone, extensively metabolized by CYP3A4, was likely at supratherapeutic levels due to the inhibitory effect of ritonavir and, secondarily, indinavir. The Parkinson-like symptoms developed rapidly and severely, impacted this patient's quality of life, and necessitated significant clinic expenditures to identify this drug–drug interaction. CONCLUSIONS: This case demonstrates a severe drug–drug interaction between buspirone and ritonavir and further demonstrates the need for awareness of the metabolic profile for all agents an HIV-infected patient is receiving.

scholarly journals Medical Education From a Theory–Practice–Philosophy Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 237428952110102
Author(s):  
Susan A. Kirch ◽  
Moshe J. Sadofsky
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Medical Education ◽  
Curriculum Design ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Curriculum And Instruction ◽  
Medical Curriculum ◽  
Educational Theory ◽  
The United States ◽  
History Of ◽  
How People Learn

Medical schooling, at least as structured in the United States and Canada, is commonly assembled intuitively or empirically to meet concrete goals. Despite a long history of scholarship in educational theory to address how people learn, this is rarely examined during medical curriculum design. We provide a historical perspective on educational theory–practice–philosophy and a tool to aid faculty in learning how to identify and use theory–practice–philosophy for the design of curriculum and instruction.

scholarly journals Ketogenic diet reduces alcohol withdrawal symptoms in humans and alcohol intake in rodents

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (15) ◽  
pp. eabf6780
Author(s):  
Corinde E. Wiers ◽  
Leandro F. Vendruscolo ◽  
Jan-Willem van der Veen ◽  
Peter Manza ◽  
Ehsan Shokri-Kojori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Alcohol Cues ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Receive

Individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) show elevated brain metabolism of acetate at the expense of glucose. We hypothesized that a shift in energy substrates during withdrawal may contribute to withdrawal severity and neurotoxicity in AUD and that a ketogenic diet (KD) may mitigate these effects. We found that inpatients with AUD randomized to receive KD (n = 19) required fewer benzodiazepines during the first week of detoxification, in comparison to those receiving a standard American (SA) diet (n = 14). Over a 3-week treatment, KD compared to SA showed lower “wanting” and increased dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) reactivity to alcohol cues and altered dACC bioenergetics (i.e., elevated ketones and glutamate and lower neuroinflammatory markers). In a rat model of alcohol dependence, a history of KD reduced alcohol consumption. We provide clinical and preclinical evidence for beneficial effects of KD on managing alcohol withdrawal and on reducing alcohol drinking.

scholarly journals Effect of frailty on treatment, hospitalisation and death in patients with chronic heart failure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sze ◽  
P. Pellicori ◽  
J. Zhang ◽  
J. Weston ◽  
I. B. Squire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Clinical Frailty Scale ◽  
Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Reduced Ejection Fraction ◽  
Frail Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Background Frailty is common in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and is associated with poor outcomes. The natural history of frail patients with CHF is unknown. Methods Frailty was assessed using the clinical frailty scale (CFS) in 467 consecutive patients with CHF (67% male, median age 76 years, median NT-proBNP 1156 ng/L) attending a routine follow-up visit. Those with CFS > 4 were classified as frail. We investigated the relation between frailty and treatments, hospitalisation and death in patients with CHF. Results 206 patients (44%) were frail. Of 291 patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HeFREF), those who were frail (N = 117; 40%) were less likely to receive optimal treatment, with many not receiving a renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitor (frail: 25% vs. non-frail: 4%), a beta-blocker (16% vs. 8%) or a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (50% vs 41%). By 1 year, there were 56 deaths and 322 hospitalisations, of which 25 (45%) and 198 (61%), respectively, were due to non-cardiovascular (non-CV) causes. Most deaths (N = 46, 82%) and hospitalisations (N = 215, 67%) occurred in frail patients. Amongst frail patients, 43% of deaths and 64% of hospitalisations were for non-CV causes; 58% of cardiovascular (CV) deaths were due to advancing HF. Among non-frail patients, 50% of deaths and 57% of hospitalisations were for non-CV causes; all CV deaths were due to advancing HF. Conclusion Frailty in patients with HeFREF is associated with sub-optimal medical treatment. Frail patients are more likely to die or be admitted to hospital, but whether frail or not, many events are non-CV. Graphical abstract

A Resident-Driven Mobile Evaluation System Can Be Used to Augment Traditional Surgery Rotation Evaluations

2021 ◽  
pp. 000313482110111
Author(s):  
Kurun Partap S Oberoi ◽  
Akia D Caine ◽  
Jacob Schwartzman ◽  
Sayeeda Rab ◽  
Amber L Turner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Graduate Medical Education ◽  
General Surgery ◽  
Residency Program ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Clinical Rotation ◽  
Web Based ◽  
General Surgery Residency ◽  
Surgery Residency Program ◽  
To Receive

Background The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education requires residents to receive milestone-based evaluations in key areas. Shortcomings of the traditional evaluation system (TES) are a low completion rate and delay in completion. We hypothesized that adoption of a mobile evaluation system (MES) would increase the number of evaluations completed and improve their timeliness. Methods Traditional evaluations for a general surgery residency program were converted into a web-based form via a widely available, free, and secure application and implemented in August 2017. After 8 months, MES data were analyzed and compared to that of our TES. Results 122 mobile evaluations were completed; 20% were solicited by residents. Introduction of the MES resulted in an increased number of evaluations per resident ( P = .0028) and proportion of faculty completing evaluations ( P = .0220). Timeliness also improved, with 71% of evaluations being completed during one’s clinical rotation. Conclusions A resident-driven MES is an inexpensive and effective method to augment traditional end-of-rotation evaluations.

scholarly journals 1339. Antibiotic Prescribing Varies among Patients with a Documented Penicillin or Cephalosporin Adverse Drug Reaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S681-S681
Author(s):  
Brian R Lee ◽  
Jason Newland ◽  
Jennifer Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Point Prevalence Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
Gi Infections ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Indication For Treatment

Abstract Background Studies have shown that over half of hospitalized children receive an antibiotic during their encounter, of which between 30-50% is considered inappropriate. Antibiotic prescribing is further complicated as approximately 10% of children are labeled beta-lactam allergic, resulting in the use of either broad-spectrum or suboptimal therapy. The purpose of this study was to compare antibiotic prescribing between patients with a documented ADR vs. those without using a nationwide sample of hospitalized children. Methods We performed a point prevalence study among 32 hospitals between July 2016-December 2017 where data were collected via chart review on pediatric patient and antimicrobial characteristics, including the indication for all antimicrobials. In additional, ADR history data were collected on which antimicrobial(s) were documented (e.g., penicillin, cephalosporins). Patients were mutually assigned into either: 1) no documented ADR; 2) penicillin ADR-only; 3) cephalosporin ADR-only; and 4) ADR for both penicillin and cephalosporin. The distribution of antibiotics were compared between the ADR groups, stratified by the indication for treatment. Results A total of 12,250 pediatric patients (17,929 antibiotic orders) who were actively receiving antibiotics were identified. A history of penicillin and cephalosporin ADR was documented in 5.5% and 2.8% of these patients, respectively. When compared to patients with no documented ADR, penicillin ADR patients were more likely to receive a fluoroquinolone for a SSTI infection (odds ratio [OR]: 5.6), surgical prophylaxis (OR: 18.8) or for surgical treatment (OR: 5.2) (see Figure). Conversely, penicillin ADR patients were less likely to receive first-line agents, such as narrow-spectrum penicillin for bacterial LRTI (OR: 0.08) and piperacillin/tazobactam for GI infections (OR: 0.22). Cephalosporin ADR patients exhibited similar patterns with increased use of carbapenems and fluoroquinolones when compared to patients with no ADR. Figure 1: Odds of Receiving Select Antimicrobials Among PCN ADR Patients When Compared to Non-ADR patients, by Indication Conclusion A large, nationwide sample of pediatric patients who were actively prescribed antibiotics helped identify several diagnoses where comprehensive guidelines for appropriate ADR prescribing and increased ADR de-labeling initiatives are needed to ensure optimal treatment. Disclosures Brian R. Lee, MPH, PhD, Merck (Grant/Research Support) Jason Newland, MD, MEd, FPIDS, Merck (Grant/Research Support)Pfizer (Other Financial or Material Support, Industry funded clinical trial)

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