scholarly journals The Features of Growth of the Primary Root System of Triticum durum Desf. Varieties of the Saratov Breeding

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-437
Author(s):  
Eduard G. Hachaturov ◽  
◽  
Valeria V. Korobko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Root System ◽  
Triticum Durum ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Climatic Chamber ◽  
Main Root ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Triticum Durum Desf

The objects of the study were plants of 14 varieties of durum wheat Triticum durum Desf. Cultivation was carried out in a climatic chamber at a temperature of 18 ± 1°C under the conditions of a sixteen-hour photoperiod. To study the growth characteristics of the root system of seedlings, the length of the main root and the length of the adventitious roots of the upper and lower tiers were measured; thus, the growth rate of the root system was determined. The cultivars, the seedlings of which are characterized by the longest root system, have been identified – Luch 25, Saratovskaya 59 and Saratovskaya zolotistaya. The varietal characteristics of the growth of the main embryonic root were revealed, the growth rate of which significantly varies among the objects of study. The length of the adventitious roots of the lower layer in plants of the studied varieties ranged from 208 mm (Elizavetinskaya) to 278 mm (Saratovskaya 57 and Annushka); the upper layer – from 105 mm (Nikolasha) to 216 mm (Luch 25). The root-to-shoot ratio was calculated. In 5-day-old seedlings of the studied varieties, this varies from 0,92 to 1,89 rel. units; the degree of variation of the trait is average. In 12-day-old seedlings, the root supply index decreases, amounting to 0,42–1,29 relative units; the degree of variation of the trait is significant (with the exception of variety Luch 25).

scholarly journals Root Growth of Red Maple following Planting from Containers

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 527-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward F. Gilman ◽  
Michael E. Kane
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
High Water ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Root Area ◽  
A Site

Post-planting root development of red maple (Acer rubrum L.) on a well-drained site was compared with that on a site with a high water table. Container-grown red maple planted in 1985 were excavated in 1988 and cross-sectional root area (CSRA) calculated for roots >1 cm diameter, 5 cm beyond the edge of the original container rootball. Adventitious roots were generated in the field after planting, not in the container. Total adventitious CSRA was three times greater than CSRA of roots generated from the original container-produced root system. The number of adventitious roots (7.6) generated from the trunk and primary root after planting was greater than the number of roots originating from the existing root system (4.2). Adventitious root origin on both sites was within 5 cm of the soil surface, above the often circling, kinked, or twisted roots found within the container root ball. Four of the five largest roots were of adventitious origin. Root number, size, and growth rate were not modified by differences in cultural and environmental conditions between sites.

scholarly journals What Makes Adventitious Roots?

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonin ◽  
Bergougnoux ◽  
Nguyen ◽  
Gantet ◽  
Champion
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Adventitious Root ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
Adventitious Root Formation ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
Root Types ◽  
Embryonic Root

The spermatophyte root system is composed of a primary root that develops from an embryonically formed root meristem, and of different post-embryonic root types: lateral and adventitious roots. Adventitious roots, arising from the stem of the plants, are the main component of the mature root system of many plants. Their development can also be induced in response to adverse environmental conditions or stresses. Here, in this review, we report on the morphological and functional diversity of adventitious roots and their origin. The hormonal and molecular regulation of the constitutive and inducible adventitious root initiation and development is discussed. Recent data confirmed the crucial role of the auxin/cytokinin balance in adventitious rooting. Nevertheless, other hormones must be considered. At the genetic level, adventitious root formation integrates the transduction of external signals, as well as a core auxin-regulated developmental pathway that is shared with lateral root formation. The knowledge acquired from adventitious root development opens new perspectives to improve micropropagation by cutting in recalcitrant species, root system architecture of crops such as cereals, and to understand how plants adapted during evolution to the terrestrial environment by producing different post-embryonic root types.

scholarly journals The structure of productivity elements of durum wheat varieties of Saratov selection

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 450-456
Author(s):  
Eduard G. Hachaturov ◽  
◽  
Valeria V. Korobko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Root System ◽  
Triticum Durum ◽  
Linear Density ◽  
High Growth ◽  
High Growth Rate ◽  
Main Shoot ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Selection Indices ◽  
Triticum Durum Desf

The objects of the study were plants of 14 varieties of durum wheat Triticum durum Desf., permitted for use at different times in the period from 1975 to 2014. An analysis of the elements of ear productivity in durum wheat plants of Saratov varieties under the conditions of 2020 was carried out. The varietal features of the development of the spike of the main shoot were revealed according to a number of characteristics: the number of spikelets in a spike, the number of grains in an ear, the weight of a grain, the number of ungrained and grained spikelets. The height of the plant and the length of the spike were measured. On the basis of the data obtained, the selection indices were calculated – the Canadian index, the Mexican index, the index of the linear density of the ear, the morphogenetic index of productivity. A cultivar with a balanced type of morphogenetic systems was revealed in terms of the elements of ear productivity – the number of spikelets, the number of caryopses and their weight – Luch 25. This cultivar is characterized by the most developed embryonic shoot among the studied cultivars, as well as the maximum length of the embryonic root system and a high growth rate root system of the seedling.

Effect of Planting Depth on Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) Seedling Development and Response to Cyanazine

Weed Science ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Mester ◽  
Douglas D. Buhler
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Developmental Sequence ◽  
Planting Depth ◽  
Secondary Root

Experiments were conducted in a growth chamber to determine the effects of planting depth on the developmental sequence of velvetleaf seedlings and the effect of cyanazine placement relative to velvetleaf planting depth on cyanazine toxicity. Velvetleaf seedling emergence was delayed when seeds were planted 6 cm deep compared to the 2- and 4-cm planting depths. Lateral roots did not appear until after the cotyledons had emerged and expanded. This was followed by secondary root emergence from the primary root which occurred before adventitious roots appeared from the hypocotyl for the 2- and 4-cm planting depths. The first true leaf did not unfold until after the secondary root system was well developed. The quantity of adventitious roots on the hypocotyl increased with increasing planting depth. Velvetleaf adventitious roots appeared to be involved in cyanazine toxicity when cyanazine was placed above the seed. Increasing planting depth increased the proportion of seedling absorptive tissue above compared to below the seed. This resulted in increased cyanazine exposure for the deeper planted velvetleaf seeds when herbicide was placed above the seed.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Genome-Wide Association Analysis Reveals the Genetic Basis of Root System Architecture in Soybean

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waldiodio Seck ◽  
Davoud Torkamaneh ◽  
François Belzile
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
System Architecture ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Genome Wide

Increasing the understanding genetic basis of the variability in root system architecture (RSA) is essential to improve resource-use efficiency in agriculture systems and to develop climate-resilient crop cultivars. Roots being underground, their direct observation and detailed characterization are challenging. Here, were characterized twelve RSA-related traits in a panel of 137 early maturing soybean lines (Canadian soybean core collection) using rhizoboxes and two-dimensional imaging. Significant phenotypic variation (P < 0.001) was observed among these lines for different RSA-related traits. This panel was genotyped with 2.18 million genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using a combination of genotyping-by-sequencing and whole-genome sequencing. A total of 10 quantitative trait locus (QTL) regions were detected for root total length and primary root diameter through a comprehensive genome-wide association study. These QTL regions explained from 15 to 25% of the phenotypic variation and contained two putative candidate genes with homology to genes previously reported to play a role in RSA in other species. These genes can serve to accelerate future efforts aimed to dissect genetic architecture of RSA and breed more resilient varieties.

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