scholarly journals Socio-psychological characteristics of convicted persons who have committed violent and self-serving violent crimes

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 420-426
Author(s):  
Natalia M. Romanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Life Goals ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Family Status ◽  
Repeat Offenders ◽  
Violent Crimes ◽  
Social Contacts ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Parental Family ◽  
First Time

The problem of studying the socio-psychological characteristics of criminals who have committed violent and self-serving violent crimes is extremely relevant. This is due to its insufficient study, the high prevalence of convicts of this category in the population of convicts, the ability to understand the causes and origins of their criminal behavior. The aim of the research is to study the sociopsychological characteristics of convicts who have committed violent and self-serving violent crimes. According to the results obtained, the acceptance of responsibility for the committed crime is associated with the age of the offender (young convicts are more likely to attribute the blame for the committed criminal act to external circumstances). First-time convicts tend to deny the need for social support and show less desire for social contacts; their perception of life goals is less conscious, life is less meaningful compared to repeat offenders. The greater orientation of repeat offenders to social interaction and the perception of their own life as meaningful are considered as associated with the conscious acceptance of criminal values and the commission of criminal acts. The features of the relations of convicts in the parental family are related to the parameters of their further life: constructive employment at the time of detention, the level of education, the available family status, the severity of the crime committed.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of cytidine monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) gene and frequency of blood types in stray cats of İzmir, Turkey

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hüseyin Can ◽  
Sedef Erkunt Alak ◽  
Ahmet Efe Köseoğlu ◽  
Umut Şahar ◽  
Berna Bostanbaş ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type A ◽  
Type B ◽  
Exon 2 ◽  
Blood Types ◽  
Acetylneuraminic Acid ◽  
Stray Cats ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Heterozygous Form ◽  
Type Ab ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background Cytidine monophospho-n-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) gene associated with blood groups in cats encodes CMAH enzyme that converts Neu5Ac to Neu5Gc. Although variations in CMAH gene of pedigree cats have been revealed, the presence/lack of them in non-pedigree stray cats is unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the variations in CMAH gene and the quantity of Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc on erythrocytes of non-pedigree stray cats (n:12) living in İzmir, Turkey. Also, the frequency of blood types was determined in 76 stray cats including 12 cats that were used for CMAH and Neu5A/Neu5Gc analysis. Results In total, 14 SNPs were detected in 5’UTR as well as in exon 2, 4, 9, 10, 11 and 12 of CMAH gene. Among these SNPs, -495 C > T in 5’UTR was detected for the first time as heterozygous in type A and AB cats, and homozygous and heterozygous in type B cats. The remaining 13 that have been detected in previous studies were also found as homozygous or heterozygous. Both Neu5Gc and Neu5Ac were detected in type A and AB cats. In type B cats, only Neu5Ac was detected. Among two type AB cats, the level of Neu5Ac was found higher in cat carrying heterozygous form (T/C) of 1392T > C. The prevalence of type B cats (67.1 %) was higher than others. Conclusions The presence of a new SNP as well as previous SNPs indicates that more variations can be found in stray cats with a more comprehensive study in the future. Also, the high prevalence of type B cats demonstrates the possible risk of neonatal isoerythrolysis among stray cats living in İzmir, Turkey.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Eimeria spp. in calves from dairy farms in northern Paraná state, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-122
Author(s):  
Sérgio Tosi Cardim ◽  
Mércia Seixas ◽  
Victor Bittencourt Dutra Tabacow ◽  
Alessandra Taroda ◽  
Priscilla Gomes Carneiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
The State ◽  
Pathogenic Species ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The World ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
First Time

Abstract Bovine coccidiosis is a disease of major importance in cattle herds across the world. The disorder mainly affects young calves, and E. bovis and E. zuernii are considered the most pathogenic species of the genus, however, E. alabamensis have been described in grazing calves. In this study, the prevalence of Eimeria spp. was evaluated in calves on dairy farms in the northern region of the state of Paraná, Brazil. Four hundred calves on 44 dairy farms were tested for the presence of coccidian oocysts. The positives were re-examined and the oocysts were morphometrically analyzed for species identification. All the farms were contaminated and 205 animals (51.25%) presented Eimeria spp. oocysts. Among these, 146 animals (71.22%) were co-infected by two or more species of coccidia. Ten species of Eimeria were identified: E. bovis (in 30.25% of the positive samples), E. alabamensis (26.75%), E. zuernii (22.00%), E. ellipsoidalis (18.50%), E. auburnensis (13.75%), E. canadensis (8.00%), E. cylindrica (7.25%), E. subspherica (5.00%), E. bukidnonensis (3.00%) and E. brasiliensis (0.75%). This study demonstrates the high prevalence of Eimeria spp. in the northern region of Paraná, Brazil, and detection for the first time in our region the pathogenic species E. alabamensis.

Atrial fibrillation is associated with high levels of monocyte-platelet-aggregates and increased CD11b expression in patients with aortic stenosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 115 (05) ◽  
pp. 993-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Berndt ◽  
Sandy Wydra ◽  
Daniel Tarnowski ◽  
Peggy Barthel ◽  
Silvio Quick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Stenosis ◽  
Cd11b Expression ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Enhanced Expression ◽  
Quantification Analysis ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Platelet Aggregates ◽  
First Time

SummaryA growing body of evidence suggests a pivotal role of inflammatory processes in AF in a bidirectional manner. Infiltrating leukocytes seem to promote both structural and electrical remodelling processes in patients with AF. Monocyte-platelets-aggregates (MPAs) are sensitive markers of both platelets and monocyte activation. So far it is not clear whether the content of MPAs is affected by AF. The present study examined the content of MPAs and the activation of monocytes in elderly patients with an aortic stenosis in dependence of AF. These patients are known to have a high prevalence of AF. Flow-cytometric quantification analysis demonstrated that patients with AF have an increased content of MPAs (207 ± 13 cells/μl vs 307 ± 21 cells/μl, p<0.001), and enhanced expression of CD11b on monocytes (p<0.001), compared to patients in stable sinus rhythm (SR). The number of CD14+/CD16+ monocytes were only slightly elevated in patients with AF. These findings were seen in patients with permanent AF. But also patients with paroxysmal AF, even when presenting in SR, the MPAs were increased by 50 % (p<0.05) as well as the CD11b expression, which was twice as high (p<0.05) compared to stable SR. These results demonstrate for the first time a dependency of MPAs and CD11b expression on monocytes in the presence of AF and support the notion of a close relationship between AF, thrombogenesis and inflammation. The content of MPAs and the extent of activation on monocytes appear promising as biomarkers for paroxysmal AF and as possible future targets for developing novel pharmacological therapeutic strategies.Supplementary Material to this article is available online at www.thrombosis-online.com.

scholarly journals Lungworm infections in dogs from Central Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 367-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Cabanova ◽  
Z. Hurnikova ◽  
M. Miterpakova ◽  
K. Dirbakova ◽  
A. Bendova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Zinc Sulphate ◽  
Conventional Pcr ◽  
Travel History ◽  
Baermann Technique ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Flotation Method ◽  
Zinc Sulphate Solution ◽  
First Time ◽  
Different Parts

Angiostrongylus vasorum and Crenosoma vulpis are parasites in the respiratory tract of domestic and wild carnivores. Recently, an increasing number of lungworm infections in dogs has been recognized in Europe. In this report, the results of the first copro-epidemiological study of A. vasorum and C. vulpis in dogs from Slovakia are presented. The Baermann technique and the modified flotation method with zinc sulphate solution (specific gravity 1.2) was used for lungworm detection. In addition, conventional PCR was performed for species confirmation. The majority of lungworm infections were found in the eastern part of the country. A relatively high prevalence (4.13%) of A. vasorum was detected in different parts of Slovakia. Infection was detected most frequently incidentally in asymptomatic dogs. Within this study, crenosomosis was detected for the first time in dogs from Slovakia. Since one infected dog had no travel history, the case is considered autochthonous. An autochthonous case report of angiostrongylosis in a Hanoverian hound puppy from central Slovakia is also described.

Television and Violent Criminal Behavior: Beyond the Bobo Doll

1986 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Heath ◽  
Candace Kruttschnitt ◽  
David Ward
Keyword(s):  
External Validity ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Television Viewing ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Double Dose ◽  
Violent Crimes ◽  
Violent Criminal ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Encoding Specificity ◽  
The Relationship

This study builds on the research concerning television viewing and aggression by extending the external validity, or generalizability, of the dependent variable. We assess the relationship between self-reported television viewing at 8, 10, and 12 years of age and the subsequent commission of a violent criminal act. This study is based on interview data from 48 males incarcerated for violent crimes and 45 nonincarcerated, nonviolent males matched on age, race, and neighborhood of residence during adolescence. Results show that the extent of a respondent’s reported television viewing was not, in and of itself, predictive of violent criminal acts. Instead, it was the interaction of heavy doses of television viewing and exposure to either maternal or paternal abuse that related to violent crime. These findings support the efforts of some recent scholars in their attempts to understand why television has a negative effect on only some viewers. The results are discussed in light of the cognitive formulations of neoassociationism, encoding specificity, and the double-dose effect.

Victim impact panels: do they impact drunk drivers? A follow-up of female and male, first-time and repeat offenders.

2001 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 615-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
J C'de Baca ◽  
S C Lapham ◽  
H C Liang ◽  
B J Skipper
Keyword(s):  
Repeat Offenders ◽  
Drunk Drivers ◽  
First Time

Entropy–KEMIRA Approach for MCDM Problem Solution in Human Resources Selection Task

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (05) ◽  
pp. 1183-1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandras Krylovas ◽  
Stanislavas Dadelo ◽  
Natalja Kosareva ◽  
Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Multiple Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Selection Task ◽  
Life Goals ◽  
Problem Solution ◽  
Criteria Weights ◽  
First Time

Entropy–KEMIRA approach is proposed for criteria ranking and weights determining when solving Multiple Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) problem in human resources selection task. For the first time the method is applied in the case of three groups of criteria. Weights are calculated by solving optimization problem of maximizing the number of elements, which are “best” according to all three criteria, and minimizing the number of “doubtful” elements. The algorithm of problem solution is presented in the paper. The numerical experiment with three groups of evaluation criteria describing 11 life goals was accomplished.

Screening for Psychiatric Morbidity in a Medical Outpatient Clinic for HIV Infection: The Need for a Psychiatric Presence

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantine G. Lyketsos ◽  
Anne Hanson ◽  
Marc Fishman ◽  
Paul R. McHugh ◽  
Glenn J. Treisman
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Johns Hopkins Hospital ◽  
Medical Clinic ◽  
Medical Clinics ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
First Time ◽  
Hospital General

Objective: To ascertain the prevalence and type of psychiatric morbidity present in HIV infected patients presenting for the first time to a specialty HIV medical clinic. Also, to develop a way of screening for psychiatric cases in this setting using established self-report questionnaires. Method: Fifty patients who presented consecutively for medical care at the Johns Hopkins Hospital General HIV Clinic participated in this study. These patients were first screened using the General Health Questionnaire and the Beck Depression Inventory and subsequently underwent a comprehensive neuropsychiatric evaluation. Results: Fifty-four percent were found to suffer from a psychiatric disorder with an additional 22 percent from an active substance use disorder. These rates are one-and-one-half to two times higher than those reported from other medical clinics. The GHQ and BDI used together as screens could identify psychiatric “cases” with a sensitivity of 81 percent and a specificity of 61 percent, an efficacy similar to that found in other clinics. Conclusions: Given the high prevalence of psychiatric disorders in HIV infected patients presenting for medical care, screening, evaluating, and treating for these disorders is crucial and should be pursued systematically. This is best done through the presence of a psychiatric team within HIV medical clinics rather than in affiliation with such clinics.

First Time Lucky? Exploring Whether First-Time Offenders Should Be Sentenced More Leniently

2013 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-171
Author(s):  
Elaine Freer
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Criminal Behaviour ◽  
Repeat Offenders ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Sentence Reductions

This article explores the normative position and theoretical justifications for sentencing first-time offenders more leniently than repeat offenders, and examines whether such a practice is defensible. Those justifications include a lack of awareness of the gravity of criminal behaviour, a single lapse, that no censure has previously been communicated by the criminal justice system to that person, adolescent-limited offending, the impact of being in a minority group, and non-uniform impact. It examines whether various sentencing philosophies support sentence reductions for first-time offenders, and whether the justifiability of such practices depends on the theoretical basis and aims of sentencing, for instance the role of proportionality and deterrence.

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