scholarly journals Hexavalent Chromium in Waters for Human Consumption and Irrigation in the Guano Canton

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Castillo-López ◽  
P. Salas-Cisneros ◽  
M. A. Logroño-Veloz ◽  
M. F Vinueza- Veloz3
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
National Standards ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Del Rio

Introduction: Considering the geographical location and industrial activities of the county Guano, which lies on an aquifer that supply water for both consumption and crop irrigation, it is necessary to examine the levels of chromium (Cr) in its watershed and tributaries. Objective: To evaluate the amount of Cr existing in the surface waters of the Guano river basin and aquifer. Methods: Several samples of the river and aquifer were taken and the amount of Cr present was measured. Using Z-test, Cr levels found in the water were compared with those recommended as normal by the World Health Organization (WHO), national standards of the Texto Unificado de Legislación Secundaria de Medio Ambiente (TULSMA) and the Servicio Ecuatoriano de Normalización 1108 ( INEN 1108). Results: Relatively high Cr values were found when compared with those established by the WHO. However, they were normal when compared with TULSMA and INEN 1108. Conclusion: The levels of Cr found in the Guano river and the aquifer were higher than those recommended by the WHO. It is recommended to replicate our findings in order to corroborate the results and to take appropriate measures in order to reduce water contamination. Keywords: chromium, water, Guano, Ecuador. Resumen Introducción: Considerando la ubicación geográfica y actividades industriales del cantón Guano el cual yace sobre un acuífero que sustenta las necesidades de agua tanto para consumo y riego de la población es necesario examinar los niveles de Cromo (Cr) en su vertiente como sus afluentes. Objetivo: Evaluar la cantidad de Cr existente en las aguas superficiales de la cuenca del río Guano y en pequeños ojos de agua provenientes del acuífero. Métodos: Se tomó varias muestras de agua del río y ojos de agua y se midió la cantidad de Cr presente. Por medio de la prueba Z se comparó los niveles de Cr con los recomendados como normales por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), normas nacionales del Texto Unificado de Legislación Secundaria de Medio Ambiente (TULSMA) y Servicio Ecuatoriano de Normalización 1108 (INEN 1108). Resultados: Se encontró valores relativamente altos de Cr al compararlos con los establecidos por la OMS. Sin embargo, estos se encontraron dentro de rangos normales al compararlos con TULSMA e INEN 1108. Conclusiones: Los niveles de Cr encontrados en el río Guano y ojos de agua del acuífero son superiores a los recomendados por la OMS. Se recomienda replicar los hallazgos para corroborar los resultados y tomar las medidas adecuadas para reducir la contaminación del agua. Palabras clave: cromo, agua, Guano, Ecuador.

scholarly journals The Inadequacy of Regulatory Frameworks in Time of Crisis and in Low-Resource Settings: Personal Protective Equipment and COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1375-1383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Pecchia ◽  
Davide Piaggio ◽  
Alessia Maccaro ◽  
Claudio Formisano ◽  
Ernesto Iadanza
Keyword(s):  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
International Standards ◽  
National Standards ◽  
World Health ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
The World ◽  
Do It Yourself ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract COVID-19 pandemic is plaguing the world and representing the most significant stress test for many national healthcare systems and services, since their foundation. The supply-chain disruption and the unprecedented request for intensive care unit (ICU) beds have created in Europe conditions typical of low-resources settings. This generated a remarkable race to find solutions for the prevention, treatment and management of this disease which is involving a large amount of people. Every day, new Do-It-Yourself (DIY) solutions regarding personal protective equipment and medical devices populate social media feeds. Many companies (e.g., automotive or textile) are converting their traditional production to manufacture the most needed equipment (e.g., respirators, face shields, ventilators etc.). In this chaotic scenario, policy makers, international and national standards bodies, along with the World Health Organization (WHO) and scientific societies are making a joint effort to increase global awareness and knowledge about the importance of respecting the relevant requirements to guarantee appropriate quality and safety for patients and healthcare workers. Nonetheless, ordinary procedures for testing and certification are currently questioned and empowered with fast-track pathways in order to speed-up the deployment of new solutions for COVID-19. This paper shares critical reflections on the current regulatory framework for the certification of personal protective equipment. We hope that these reflections may help readers in navigating the framework of regulations, norms and international standards relevant for key personal protective equipment, sharing a subset of tests that should be deemed essential even in a period of crisis.

scholarly journals Remarks by Mary Saunders

2018 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 281-283
Author(s):  
Mary Saunders
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
International Standards ◽  
National Standards ◽  
International Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Large Network ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Not For Profit ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is an independent, non-governmental, not-for-profit organization that develops and publishes fully consensus-based International Standards. ISO members are national standards bodies (NSBs), which may be government, private, or public-private entities. 163 NSBs are members of ISO. The ISO standards portfolio numbers more than 20,000 standards. ISO also has a large network of liaison organizations—which can participate in the ISO process but do not vote. These include many treaty organizations, including the World Health Organization, Codex, the International Labour Organization (ILO), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and so on; as well as numerous other international organizations.

scholarly journals Organochlorine pesticides residues in commercial milk: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella Clarissa Vasconcelos Rêgo ◽  
Greice Nara Viana Dos Santos ◽  
Greice Nivea Viana Dos Santos ◽  
Joseph Simões Ribeiro ◽  
Ruy Bessa Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organochlorine Pesticides ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Important Food ◽  
Degree Of Contamination ◽  
Pesticides Residues ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Commercial Milk ◽  
Health Organization

Milk is a very important food for human consumption, mainly due to its content of fat, protein, vitamins and minerals.  However, the use of organochlorine pesticides (OCP) for decades has contaminated the soil, water and air, and thus has also contaminated the milk.  In this sense, in the present work a review of scientific articles was carried out, between the years 2000 and 2018, related to the evaluation of the degree of contamination of different types of milk by OCPs in different regions of the world. As a result, it was observed that although OCPs have been banned for use in agriculture since the 1980s, these compounds or their metabolites have still been detected in many samples, and in some cases the levels were above the maximum allowed by the World Health Organization.  In addition, most of the samples presented contamination, which makes them a great risk to human health due to their bioaccumulation.

scholarly journals [Causes of drinking-water contamination in rain-fed cisterns in three villages in Ramallah and Al-Bireh District, Palestine]

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-436
Author(s):  
Issam A. Al Khatib ◽  
Moammar Orabi
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
World Health ◽  
Drinking Water Contamination ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Westudied the biological characteristics of drinking-water in three villages in Ramallah and al-Bireh district, by testing the total coliforms. Water samples were collected from rain-fed cisterns between October and November 2001. The results show that 87% of tested samples of drinking-water were highly contaminated and in need of coagulation, filtration and disinfection based on the World Health Organization guidelines for drinking-water, and 10.5% had low contamination and were in need of treatment by disinfection only. Only 2.5% of the tested samples were not contaminated and were suitable for drinking without treatment. The main cause of drinking-water contamination was the presence of cesspits, wastewater and solid waste dumping sites near the cisterns

Erstes Instrument zur standardisierten Erfassung der Teilhabe Behinderter

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (07) ◽  
pp. 526-527
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Menschen Mit Behinderung

Coenen M et al. [Recommendation for the collection and analysis of data on participation and disability from the perspective of the World Health Organization]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2016; 59: 1060–1067 Um eine gleichberechtigte Teilhabe an der Gesellschaft von Menschen mit Behinderung zu ermöglichen, werden zunächst Daten zu vorhandenen Einschränkungen gebraucht. Erst wenn diese detailliert erhoben wurden, können Konzepte zur Beseitigung von Problemen entwickelt werden. Ein standardisiertes Erhebungsinstrument für alle Aspekte der Funktionsfähigkeit fehlte jedoch bisher.

Coronavirus diseases and pregnancy: COVID-19,SARS, and MERS

2020 ◽  
pp. 276-289
Author(s):  
Mobina Fathi ◽  
Kimia Vakili ◽  
Niloofar Deravi
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
World Health ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Exponential Increase ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Respiratory Droplets

Around the end of December 2019, a new beta-coronavirus from Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China began to spread rapidly. The new virus, called SARS-CoV-2, which could be transmitted through respiratory droplets, had a range of mild to severe symptoms, from simple cold in some cases to death in others. The disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 was named COVID-19 by WHO and has so far killed more people than SARS and MERS. Following the widespread global outbreak of COVID-19, with more than 132758 confirmed cases and 4955 deaths worldwide, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic disease in January 2020. Earlier studies on viral pneumonia epidemics has shown that pregnant women are at greater risk than others. During pregnancy, the pregnant woman is more prone to infectious diseases. Research on both SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, which are pathologically similar to SARS-CoV-2, has shown that being infected with these viruses during pregnancy increases the risk of maternal death, stillbirth, intrauterine growth retardation and, preterm delivery. With the exponential increase in cases of COVID-19 throughout the world, there is a need to understand the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the health of pregnant women, through extrapolation of earlier studies that have been conducted on pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV. There is an urgent need to understand the chance of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from mother to fetus and the possibility of the virus crossing the placental barrier. Additionally, since some viral diseases and antiviral drugs may have a negative impact on the mother and fetus, in which case, pregnant women need special attention for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19.

COVID 19: REALS AND CHALLENGES AGAINST DOCTORS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-87
Author(s):  
Zen Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Virus Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
World Health ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Traditional Markets ◽  
Pneumonia Case ◽  
The World ◽  
New Type ◽  
Health Organization

Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19) is a contagious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which was discovered in December 2019 in China. This disease can cause clinical manifestations in the airway, lung and systemic. The World Health Organization (WHO) representative of China reported a pneumonia case with unknown etiology in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China on December 31, 2019. The cause was identified as a new type of coronavirus on January 7, 2020 with an estimated source of the virus from traditional markets (seafood market). ) Wuhan city

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