scholarly journals Ecosystem Services Linked to Water and Plant Diversity in the Igualata Paramo of Hualcanga Region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Alvarez Cortez ◽  
R. Peña Murillo ◽  
D. Román Robalino
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Ecological Flow ◽  
Rosaceae Family ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Sørensen Index

The present investigation proposes to study the ecosystem services linked to water and floristic diversity in the Igualata paramo of the Hualcanga region; 5 sampling plots of 25 m2 were installed, with 4 subplots of 1 m2. 30 samples of terrestrial vascular plants were obtained, identifying 17 botanical families, 26 genera, and 27 species, and 1 lichen and 1 moss of unidentified family and genus. It was determined that the species that stands out with the highest importance value index was Lachemilia orgiculata with 44.06%, because the species was found in 4 of the 5 study plots. In second place we have Calamagrostis intermedia species with 8.21%, while the species Vicea sp. was the species with the lowest importance value index of 0.50%, being the species with the lowest number of individuals. The Rosaceae family presented the highest index with 39.61%. The Poaceae and Asteraceae families also present dominance in this ecosystem with values of 9.63% and 5.79%, respectively. According to the Shannon index, plots P2 and P4 were those with high diversity, which corroborates with what was obtained in the Simpson index; the Sorensen index showed us that plots P4 and P5 are very similar, plots P1 and P3 are fairly similar, and the remaining plots are dissimilar, which indicated that vegetation can be found in certain areas of the investigation. The water flow supplying the resident families of the region was found to be 8.12 L/s, and its ecological flow is of 0.83 L/s, having a flow that satisfies the needs of the inhabitants. Keywords: caudal, ecological flow, ecosystem paramo, ecosystem services, floristic diverity, indices of diversity. Resumen La presente investigación propone: estudiar los servicios ecosistémicos ligados al agua y diversidad florística en el páramo del Igualata regional Hualcanga; se instalaron cinco parcelas de muestreo de 25 m2 con 4 sub parcelas de 1 m2, se obtuvo 30 muestras de plantas vasculares terrestres, identificando 17 familias botánicas, 26 géneros y 27 especies, además se colectó 1 liquen y 1 musgo de familia, género y especie no identificado. Se determinó que la especie que sobresale con mayor índice de valor de importancia fue Lachemilia orgiculata con un 44,06%, esto se debe a que la especie se encontraba en 4 de las 5 parcelas de estudio, en segundo lugar, tenemos a Calamagrostis intermedia especie con 8,21%, mientras que la especie Vicea sp. fue la que menor índice de valor de importancia presentó con un 0,50% esto se debe a que fue la especie con menor cantidad de individuos. La familia Rosaceae presentó el mayor índice con 39,61%, las familias Poaceae, y Asteraceae presentan una dominancia en este ecosistema con valores de 9,63% 5,79%, respectivamente. De acuerdo al índice de Shannon las parcelas 2 y 4 son las que poseen diversidad alta que se corrobora con lo obtenido en el índice de Simpson; en el índice de Sorensen nos muestra que las parcelas P4 vs P5 son muy similares las parcelas P1 y P3 son medianamente similares y las parcelas restantes son disimiles lo que indica que la vegetación se puede encontrar en ciertas zonas de la investigación. El caudal que posee la Regional es de 8,12 L/s, abasteciendo a las familias y su caudal ecológico es de 0,83 L/s teniendo un caudal que satisface las necesidades de los pobladores. Palabras clave: caudal, caudal ecológico, diversidad florística, ecosistema páramo, índices de diversidad, servicios ecosistémicos. 

scholarly journals Ecosystemic Services Linked to Water and Plant diversity of the San José de Chazo-Santa Fe de Galán Region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Murillo Conterón ◽  
R. Peña Murillo ◽  
D. Román Robalino
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Volumetric Method ◽  
Floristic Diversity ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Santa Fe ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Palabras Clave

In the higher part of the Santa Fe de Galán parish, intensive agricultural activities are carried out that cause problems of erosion, disappearance of species of fauna and flora, decrease in water and deterioration of páramo areas due to the advance of the agricultural frontier. These activities present a threat to the sustainability of the San José de Chazo-Santa Fe de Galán region, due to the degradation of its natural resources that directly affect the vital development of 1200 families belonging to this region. The present investigation aims to study ecosystem services linked to water, as well as floristic diversity, for which data was collected and systematized from the Ciénega páramo in the San José de Chazo-Santa Fe de Galán region. According to the data collected on floristic diversity, 29 samples of terrestrial vascular plants were registered, corresponding to 18 families, 26 genera and 29 species; moss and lichen of unidentified family, genus and species were also collected. The highest index of importance value by species and family was presented by the moss with 20.39% and 18.17%, respectively. The average monthly flow during the February–May period observed through the volumetric method was 6.34 L/s. Keywords: capacity, flow, diversity, paramo, ecosystem services, sustainability. Resumen En la parte alta de la Parroquia Santa Fe de Galán se desarrollan actividades agropecuarias intensivas que provocan problemas de erosión, desaparición de especies de fauna y flora, disminución del agua y deterioro de áreas de páramo por el avance de la frontera agrícola. Estas actividades representan una amenaza para la sostenibilidad de la Regional San José de Chazo– Santa Fe de Galán, debido a la degradación de sus recursos naturales que inciden directamente en el desarrollo vital de 1200 familias pertenecientes a esta Regional. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo estudiar los servicios ecosistémicos ligados al agua y diversidad florística, cuyos datos fueron recolectados y sistematizados del páramo de la Ciénega en la Regional San José de Chazo–Santa Fe de Galán. De acuerdo con los resultados de diversidad florística se registró 29 muestras de plantas vasculares terrestres, correspondiente a 18 familias, 26 géneros y 29 especies, también se recolectó musgo y liquen de familia, género y especie no identificados. El mayor índice de valor de importancia por especie y familia lo presentó el musgo con 20,39% y 18,17%, respectivamente. El caudal promedio mensual durante el período febrero – mayo a través del método volumétrico fue de 6,34 L/s. Palabras clave: aforo, caudal, diversidad, páramo, servicios ecosistémicos, sostenibilidad.

scholarly journals Structure, composition and tree diversity in a temperate forest under management

2019 ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Antonio Mora-Santacruz ◽  
María Leonor Román-Miranda ◽  
Omar Nungaray-Villalobos ◽  
Gerardo Alberto González-Cueva
Keyword(s):  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Cloud Forest ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
A Value ◽  
Normal Diameter ◽  
Area And Volume

In order to study both diversity indices and structure of forests, which are an essential tool for decision-making in forest management, which show natural successional processes and effects for its management. So the objetive of this study was to evaluate structure and diversity of arboral species in a temperate forest of southern Jalisco state. Five permanent forestry research sites 50 x 50 (2.500 m2) were established, and a census of all tree species was carried out, with normal diameter greater than 7.5 cm. Each individual was measured: height and normal diameter, placing an aluminum plate for identification. We obtained the importance value index (IVI), indices of diversity, richness, and dasometric parameters. There were 17 species, 9 genera and 9 botanical families; the Fagaceae was dominant. Pinus douglasiana presented the highest IVI (57.93%); The Shannon index had a value of 2.0; the index of Margalef was 2.4; the forest has a density of 688 trees ha-1, being the most abundant Styrax ramirezii; Pinus herrerae obtained the highest values in basal area and volume with 30.77 m2 ha-1 and 357,325 m3 ha-1 respectively. The values of diversity are influenced by elements of the cloud forest

scholarly journals Floristic composition, diversity and structure of Khaya senegalensis stands in Benue Department, Cameroon

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-68
Author(s):  
Awé Djongmo Victor ◽  
Noiha Noumi Valery Valery ◽  
Madou Chantal Chantal ◽  
Zapfack Louis
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Simpson Index ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Acacia Senegal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Khaya Senegalensis

The present work has been done to provide basic data for a better conservation and valorization ofKhaya senegalensis stands in Sudano-Sahelian zone of Cameroon. A 100 m x 50 m transectmethod was undertaken to measure floristic diversity through the use of species richness,Shannon index, Pielou equitability, Simpson index, importance value index and importance valuefamily. The vegetation structure is determined by density, basal area and biovolume. Theinventory included trees with a dbh ?10 cm on an area of 1 ha per plot. A total of 6743individuals distributed in 24 families, 33 genera and 54 species were inventoried in all Khayasenegalensis stands studied. Statistical analysis showed significant differences, Shannon index,Simpson index, Pielou equitability, density, basal area, biovolume, species richness, heights class,diameters class, circumferences class but does not certify a significant difference of importancevalue index among in the villages. The undergrowth of Khaya senegalensis stands is more diverseat Bamé with a Shannon diversity index (ISH=5.87 ± 0.12 bit). The greatest of Pielou equitabilityis observed at Bamé (EQ=0.80 ± 0.01). The largest of Simpson index is recorded at Bamé(D=0.098 ± 0.001). Khaya senegalensis Stands are denser at Bamé (194 ± 3.12 individuals/ha).The basal area and biovolume of Khaya senegalensis stands are very high at Bamé (BA=25.87 ±0.06 m2/ha and Biovolume =15.32 ± 0.012 m3/ha). The species importance value is maximal in allthe studied villages (SIV=300 ± 71.45). The importance value index of species revealed a cleardominance in the undergrowth of Khaya senegalensis stands are Combretum adenogonium;Acacia senegal; Terminalia laxiflora; Guiera senegalensis; Acacia nilotica; Entada Africana.The vertical structure has three aspects, like the L (Dbh), asymmetric (height) and dissymmetrical(circumference) structures attesting to a strong regeneration of the understory ligneous woods ofKhaya senegalensis stands studied.

scholarly journals Vegetation and seed bank of an open-scrub bush restinga formation in the Southeastern coast of Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Campanhã Bechara ◽  
Lívia Zocatelli Salvador ◽  
Raquel Almeida Ventura ◽  
Larissa Regina Topanotti ◽  
Dionatan Gerber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Topsoil Layer

Introduction: Restingas are coastal plain ecosystems located along Eastern Brazil, corresponding to about 5 000 km. The restinga vegetation is associated with the Atlantic rainforest biome and comprises four distinct main formation zones: coastal grasslands, shrublands, open-forests and marsh zones. Especially due to coastal urbanization, this is a threatened ecosystem that, through its different shrub formations, exhibits a unique mosaic as a result of the vegetation distribution in nuclei of different covering, physiognomy and floristic composition. Objective: We aimed to characterize the above and belowground composition of a conserved, non-flooded, open-scrub, nuclei (patches of bushes) formation of restinga in Linhares, ES, southeastern Brazil. Methods: The vegetation survey was conducted using the line intercept method. Diameter and height of the first six nuclei were measured in five transects separated by 50 m, totaling 30 nuclei up to 350 m away from the shore line. The phytosociology and Shannon Index of the aboveground vegetation community were calculated. In the same 30 nuclei, leaf litter and topsoil layer (15 x 15 x 10 cm) samples were collected to survey the viable seed bank, which was later placed in a greenhouse for germination and seedling identification. The Sørensen Similarity index (SSi) was used to compare the floristic composition between the leaf litter and topsoil layer seed banks. Nuclei volume and number of species were calculated as well. Results: In the aboveground vegetation, 54 plant species belonging to 32 families were identified, totaling 1 098 individuals. The nuclei showed a diversity (H') of 3.08 nats, and an average diameter of 11.5 m (s = 9.1), area of 526.4 m2 (s = 1 081.7), and height of 2.9 m (s = 1.1). Davilla flexuosa, followed by Smilax rufescens, presented the highest IVI (Importance Value Index). A total of 1 839 seedlings from 32 species and 19 families were identified in the seed bank. Enydra sessilis (Asteraceae) had the highest seed density (544), while the family with highest species richness was Cyperaceae. A low similarity between the vegetation surveyed and the seed bank composition was found (only 5 species in common, SSi = 0.10). Conclusions: The results indicate that a post-disturbance early community, established from the seed bank, would have a substantially different species composition, but with other potential species to restore vegetation over the long-term succession.

scholarly journals Population Relationship of Three Forestry Species, Aegiphila ferruginea, Oreopanax ecuadorensis, Vallea stipularis; in the Leonan de Llucud Forest, Chambo Canton, Chimborazo Province

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Guadalupe Arias ◽  
K. Chávez Inca ◽  
J. Rodríguez Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Similarity Index ◽  
Evergreen Forest ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Near Threatened

The present investigation aims to relate the population of three native forest species of the Andean region of Ecuador: Oreopanax ecuadorensis Seem, Aegiphila ferruginea, and Vallea stipularis in the Leonan de Llucud high montane evergreen forest located in the Chambo canton. Through the inventory and observation of the distribution of these three species in three altitudinal floors, establishing ten plots within which circular subplots of five meters radius were placed, taking the species under study as the center, all individuals with diameter at breast height greater than or equal to 7 cm were selected. For each altitudinal floor, the Importance Value Index, the Simpson and Shannon-Weaver Biodiversity Indices, and the Sorensen Similarity Index were calculated. The results presented below are the result of the data obtained in the field and its interpretation. V. stipularis and O. ecuadorensis Seem show a close relationship, while A. ferruginea has a low population due to the exploitation it is subjected to in this forest, thus asserting the presence of this species in the red book at a near-threatened level. Keywords: evergreen forest, native forest species, altitudinal floors. Resumen La presente investigación pretende relacionar la población de tres especies forestales nativas de la región andina del Ecuador Oreopanax ecuadorensis Seem, Aegiphila ferruginea y Vallea stipularis en el bosque siempre verde montano alto Leonan de Llucud ubicado en el cantón Chambo; mediante la inventariación y observación de la distribución de estas tres especies en tres pisos altitudinales, estableciendo diez parcelas dentro de las cuales se colocaron subparcelas circulares de cinco metros de radio tomando como centro a las especies en estudio, se seleccionaron todos los individuos con Diámetro a la Altura del Pecho, mayor o igual a 7 cm. Para cada piso altitudinal se calculó el Índice de Valor de Importancia, los Índices de biodiversidad de Simpson y Shannon – Weaver y el Índice de similitud de Sorensen. Los resultados que a continuación presentamos son resultado de los datos obtenidos en campo y su interpretación. Teniendo que V. stipularis y O. ecuadorensis Seem presentan gran afinidad; en tanto que A. ferruginea presenta una baja poblacional debido a la explotación a la cual es sometida en este bosque, aseverándose así la presencia de esta especie en el libro rojo en nivel de casi amenazado. Palabras clave: bosque siempre verde, especies forestales nativas, pisos altitudinales.

CONTRIBUTION OF AGROFORESTS IN ADAPTATION OF CLIMATE CHANGE EFFECTS: ESTIMATING THE PHYTODIVERSITY AND C SEQUESTRATION POTENTIAL IN 8-, 16- AND 24-YEAR-OLD OF PINUS SYLVESTRIS AGROFORESTS IN NORTHERN CAMEROON (TROPICAL AFRICA)

2021 ◽  
pp. 2050010
Author(s):  
V. NOIHA NOUMI ◽  
P. KOUAM KAMNING ◽  
C. KAMDOUM DEMGUIA ◽  
L. ZAPFACK
Keyword(s):  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Allometric Equation ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Nondestructive Method ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Sequestration Potential

The study aims at assessing the agrobiodiversity and carbon stocks by the pine agroforests in the Sudano-Guinean zone of Cameroon. Five [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m sampling transects were established in each chronosequence, it was undertaken to assess the growth characteristics and biomass. Estimates of stocks of carbon in aboveground biomass, belowground biomass (BGB), total biomass (TB) and CO2 equivalent stock were incorporated in allometric equation based on nondestructive method. A total of 24 species from 23 genera and 17 families were inventoried. Annona senegalensis, Syzygium guineensis and Hymenocardia acida contributed the most to the importance value index (IVI). Density ranged between [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] stems/ha; basal area between [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m2/ha; Shannon index between [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] with the highest value for 8-year-old stands; Pielou’s evenness between [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] with the lowest value in 24-year-old stands. Aboveground biomass ranged between [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] Mg C/ha with the highest value in 16-year-old stands; belowground carbon from [Formula: see text] Mg C/ha to [Formula: see text] Mg C/ha and total carbon from [Formula: see text] Mg C/ha to [Formula: see text] Mg C/ha. The sequestration potential ranged from [Formula: see text] Mg CO[Formula: see text]/ha to [Formula: see text] Mg CO[Formula: see text]/ha. The sequestration rates were 84.77, 49.7 and 28.6 Mg CO[Formula: see text].ha[Formula: see text]yr[Formula: see text] in 8-, 16- and 24-year-old stands, respectively. Although our data reported that pine stands hosted a few number of species; they are true carbon sinks and useful to the REED[Formula: see text] community.

scholarly journals Floristic composition of weeds in a dystrophic Red-Yellow Argisol under the cultivation of cowpea, cv. BRS Novaera

2019 ◽  
pp. 1275-1279
Author(s):  
Francisco de Alcântara Neto ◽  
José Oscar Lustosa de Oliveira Júnior ◽  
Antônio Aécio de Carvalho Bezerra ◽  
Gabriel Barbosa da Silva Júnior ◽  
José de Anchieta Alves de Albuquerque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Calculated Frequency ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Among the several factors that negatively influence cowpea culture, weeds have been responsible for the reduction of growth, development and productive performance of the crop, making it necessary to establish management strategies based on phytosociological studies of weed species in growing areas. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the floristic composition of weeds, aiming to identify the main species and their dynamics, and to consider their distribution in time and space as pertaining to the cultivation of a modern variety of cowpea, cv. BRS Novaera, in dystrophic Red-Yellow Argisol, in the Midnorth region of the state of Piauí, Brazil. The phytosociological survey of weeds was carried out in three sessions: the first one was immediately before the area was desiccated with glyphosate (15 days before sowing the cowpea), and the others were at 20 and 40 days after sowing (DAS). Following the quantification of species and number of individuals, the following phytosociological parameters were calculated: frequency and relative frequency; density and relative density; abundance and relative abundance; and importance value index. It was concluded that there were few changes in the floristic composition of the weed community according to the epoch of the phytosociological surveys. The main weed plants at 20 DAS of cowpea (vegetative phase) were Chamaesyce hirta, Digitaria insularis, Alternanthera tenella, Cleome affinis, Mollugo verticillata and Portulaca oleracea. At 40 days (reproductive phase), the weed species with a large establishment and acting as potential competitors with cv. BRS Novaera cowpea were Digitaria insularis, Chamaesyce hirta and Mollugo verticillata.

scholarly journals Analisis Vegetasi Tumbuhan Herba di Hutan Lingkungan Kampus Unwira Penfui Kupang

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Imelda Tidora Sombo ◽  
Florentina Y. Sepe ◽  
Getrudis W. Nau ◽  
Maria Novita I. Buku ◽  
Aloysius Djalo
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Vegetation Diversity ◽  
Campus Environment ◽  
Herbal Plants ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Number Of Individuals

This study aims to determine the spread of herbal vegetation in the environment of the campus environment of UNWIRA Penfui Kupang, by applying vegetation parameters including density, relative density, frequency, relative frequency, dominance, relative dominance, Importance Value Index (INP), and Comparison Important Value (SDR). The method used in this study is the quadratic method, with the determination of the sampling point divided into two observation stations, based on open and sheltered areas with each station there are 5 observation plots with a size of 1x1 m2. The results of research conducted in the environment of the campus environment of UNWIRA Penfui Kupang found 7 types of herbal plants namely Solanum nigrum, Mussaenda frondosa, Oplismenus hirtellus, Amaranthus viridis, Eclipta L, Bidens pilosa, Imperata cylindrical and the composition of the highest number of individuals were Oplismenus hirtellus. The amount of diversity index value of basket grass plants (Oplismenus hirtellus) is 0.146 with a large amount of basket grass plants tend to be more stable compared to the other 6 plants found. Index value of vegetation diversity of herbaceous plants obtained is 0.782, so species diversity is lacking.

scholarly journals Struktur Vegetasi Kawasan Hutan Alam dan Hutan Rerdegradasi di Taman Nasional Tesso Nilo

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andi Kusumo ◽  
Azis Nur Bambang ◽  
Munifatul Izzati
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Structure ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Elephas Maximus ◽  
Panthera Tigris ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Forest Clearing ◽  
Vegetation Encroachment

ABSTRAK Hutan Tesso Nilo merupakan kawasan dengan tingkat keanekaragaman tanaman berpembuluh dan merupakan habitat bagi satwa terancam punah yaitu harimau sumatera (Panthera tigris sumatrae) dan gajah sumatera (Elephas maximus sumatranus). Kawasan ini tidak luput dari kegiatan perambahan dan di konversi menjadi perkebunan dan permukiman. Pembukaan lahan hutan akan mengakibatkan rusaknya fungsi hutan dan mengakibatkan musnahnya berbagai jenis flora dan fauna. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui akibat yang ditimbulkan oleh perambahan hutan terhadap strukur vegetasi kawasan hutan. Metode yang digunakan adalah survei dengan menggunakan sampling vegetasi petak dalam jalur dilokasi hutan alam dan hutan terdegradasi akibat perambahan. Hasil dianalisis untuk mengetahui kelimpahan vegetasi, indeks nilai penting dan indeks keanekaragaman (Shannon-Wiener). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perambahan hutan mengakibatkan terjadinya perubahan pada struktur vegetasi. Perambahan mengakibatkan penurunan jumlah kelimpahan vegetasi, nilai keanekaragaman, dan dominansi jenis (indeks nilai penting) baik pada tingkat semai, pancang, tiang dan pohon. Kata kunci: Taman Nasional Tesso Nilo, struktur vegetasi, perambahan ABSTRACT Tesso Nilo forest is an area with a greater diversity of vascular plants and habitat for an endangered species, namely the Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) and the Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus). This area was not spared from encroachment and conversion to plantations and settlements. Forest clearing will cause damage to forest functions and lead to the extinction of various species of flora and fauna. The purpose of this study was to determine the consequences caused by the encroachment of the structure of forest vegetation. The method used was a survey by sampling vegetation plots in the path of the location of natural forests and forests degraded due to encroachment. The results were analyzed to determine the abundance of vegetation, an index of the importance and diversity index (Shannon-Wiener). The results showed that deforestation resulted in a change in the structure of vegetation. Encroachment degrades an abundance of vegetation, the value of diversity, and dominance type (Importance Value Index) is good for seedlings, saplings, poles and trees. Keywords:  Nasional Park of Tesso Nilo, vegetation structure Cara sitasi: Kusumo, A., Bambang, A. N., Izzati, M. (2016). Struktur Vegetasi Kawasan Hutan Alam dan Hutan Rerdegradasi di Taman Nasional Tesso Nilo. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan,14(1),19-26, doi:10.14710/jil.14.1.19-26

scholarly journals Threats on Grassland Ecosystem Services: A Case from Shuklaphanta Wildlife Reserve

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Woody Perennials ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Asiatic Elephant ◽  
Baseline Information

Change in ecosystem balance is increasing rapidly by means of humanly devised over and above natural activities to be precise land use change, deforestation, species invasion, and even the lack of sustainable management within and beyond protected area. Invasion of woody perennials and invasive alien species, human intervention together with improper management practices possibly generated substantial impacts on all major ecosystems of Shuklaphanta grassland. To acquire baseline information and understand ecosystem invasion, random line transects of 1000m were taken to get quadrats of 1m2, 25 m2 and 100 m2 in four different habitats within Shuklaphanta grassland. The result showed that the importance value index (IVI) and prominence value (PV) of woody perennials were high coupled with significant PV of invasive species. Ecosystem services change was prevalent in the study area and high possibility to change into forest vegetation. Invasive species, shrubs, and large trees encroachment consequently invited alteration challenge on preferable habitats formed on assemblage of major grass species. The disrupted ecosystem services amplified pressure on both prey and prey base species including swamp deer, antelope, one-horned rhinoceros, Asiatic elephant, royal Bengal tiger, Bengal florican and other threatened species. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 13, No. 2 (2012) 159-166 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v13i2.7729

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