scholarly journals Threats on Grassland Ecosystem Services: A Case from Shuklaphanta Wildlife Reserve

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Woody Perennials ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Asiatic Elephant ◽  
Baseline Information

Change in ecosystem balance is increasing rapidly by means of humanly devised over and above natural activities to be precise land use change, deforestation, species invasion, and even the lack of sustainable management within and beyond protected area. Invasion of woody perennials and invasive alien species, human intervention together with improper management practices possibly generated substantial impacts on all major ecosystems of Shuklaphanta grassland. To acquire baseline information and understand ecosystem invasion, random line transects of 1000m were taken to get quadrats of 1m2, 25 m2 and 100 m2 in four different habitats within Shuklaphanta grassland. The result showed that the importance value index (IVI) and prominence value (PV) of woody perennials were high coupled with significant PV of invasive species. Ecosystem services change was prevalent in the study area and high possibility to change into forest vegetation. Invasive species, shrubs, and large trees encroachment consequently invited alteration challenge on preferable habitats formed on assemblage of major grass species. The disrupted ecosystem services amplified pressure on both prey and prey base species including swamp deer, antelope, one-horned rhinoceros, Asiatic elephant, royal Bengal tiger, Bengal florican and other threatened species. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 13, No. 2 (2012) 159-166 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v13i2.7729

scholarly journals Weed phytosociology in diversified soybean production systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (6supl2) ◽  
pp. 3567-3580
Author(s):  
Ivan Bordin ◽  
◽  
Osmar Maziero Buratto ◽  
Andreia Cristina Peres Rodrigues da Costa ◽  
Benedito Noedi Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Ecological Interactions ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Commelina Benghalensis

The knowledge of the impacts of the management practices used in each agricultural production system on the ecological interactions between commercial crops and weed populations can assist in the development of specific and sustainable integrated management strategies. This study aimed to assess weed communities in soybean in succession to second-crop corn and production systems with crop diversification in Northern Paraná State. The study was conducted during three agricultural years (2014/2017). Six treatments were setup: 1 – corn/soybean, corn/soybean, and corn/soybean), 2 – white oat/soybean, rye/corn, and wheat/soybean, 3 – oat + rye/soybean, oat + radish/corn, and congo grass/soybean, 4 – canola/corn, crambe/corn, and safflower/soybean, 5 – buckwheat/ radish/corn, bean/soybean, and buckwheat/oat/soybean, and 6 – wheat/corn + congo grass, canola/corn, and bean/soybean. The relative importance value index of each weed species and the soil cover (soil, straw, and weeds) were assessed. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with four replications of 300 m2 (20 × 15 m). The production systems white oat/soybean, rye/corn, and wheat/soybean; buckwheat/radish/corn, bean/soybean, buckwheat/oat/soybean; and wheat/corn+congo grass, canola/corn, bean/soybean had a suppressive effect on the species Commelina benghalensis. Euphorbia heterophylla and Digitaria horizontalis were the species most adapted to the assessed production systems. Seeds remaining from crambe and radish cultivations became volunteer plants in subsequent cultivations.

scholarly journals Ecosystem Services Linked to Water and Plant Diversity in the Igualata Paramo of Hualcanga Region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Alvarez Cortez ◽  
R. Peña Murillo ◽  
D. Román Robalino
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Ecological Flow ◽  
Rosaceae Family ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Sørensen Index

The present investigation proposes to study the ecosystem services linked to water and floristic diversity in the Igualata paramo of the Hualcanga region; 5 sampling plots of 25 m2 were installed, with 4 subplots of 1 m2. 30 samples of terrestrial vascular plants were obtained, identifying 17 botanical families, 26 genera, and 27 species, and 1 lichen and 1 moss of unidentified family and genus. It was determined that the species that stands out with the highest importance value index was Lachemilia orgiculata with 44.06%, because the species was found in 4 of the 5 study plots. In second place we have Calamagrostis intermedia species with 8.21%, while the species Vicea sp. was the species with the lowest importance value index of 0.50%, being the species with the lowest number of individuals. The Rosaceae family presented the highest index with 39.61%. The Poaceae and Asteraceae families also present dominance in this ecosystem with values of 9.63% and 5.79%, respectively. According to the Shannon index, plots P2 and P4 were those with high diversity, which corroborates with what was obtained in the Simpson index; the Sorensen index showed us that plots P4 and P5 are very similar, plots P1 and P3 are fairly similar, and the remaining plots are dissimilar, which indicated that vegetation can be found in certain areas of the investigation. The water flow supplying the resident families of the region was found to be 8.12 L/s, and its ecological flow is of 0.83 L/s, having a flow that satisfies the needs of the inhabitants. Keywords: caudal, ecological flow, ecosystem paramo, ecosystem services, floristic diverity, indices of diversity. Resumen La presente investigación propone: estudiar los servicios ecosistémicos ligados al agua y diversidad florística en el páramo del Igualata regional Hualcanga; se instalaron cinco parcelas de muestreo de 25 m2 con 4 sub parcelas de 1 m2, se obtuvo 30 muestras de plantas vasculares terrestres, identificando 17 familias botánicas, 26 géneros y 27 especies, además se colectó 1 liquen y 1 musgo de familia, género y especie no identificado. Se determinó que la especie que sobresale con mayor índice de valor de importancia fue Lachemilia orgiculata con un 44,06%, esto se debe a que la especie se encontraba en 4 de las 5 parcelas de estudio, en segundo lugar, tenemos a Calamagrostis intermedia especie con 8,21%, mientras que la especie Vicea sp. fue la que menor índice de valor de importancia presentó con un 0,50% esto se debe a que fue la especie con menor cantidad de individuos. La familia Rosaceae presentó el mayor índice con 39,61%, las familias Poaceae, y Asteraceae presentan una dominancia en este ecosistema con valores de 9,63% 5,79%, respectivamente. De acuerdo al índice de Shannon las parcelas 2 y 4 son las que poseen diversidad alta que se corrobora con lo obtenido en el índice de Simpson; en el índice de Sorensen nos muestra que las parcelas P4 vs P5 son muy similares las parcelas P1 y P3 son medianamente similares y las parcelas restantes son disimiles lo que indica que la vegetación se puede encontrar en ciertas zonas de la investigación. El caudal que posee la Regional es de 8,12 L/s, abasteciendo a las familias y su caudal ecológico es de 0,83 L/s teniendo un caudal que satisface las necesidades de los pobladores. Palabras clave: caudal, caudal ecológico, diversidad florística, ecosistema páramo, índices de diversidad, servicios ecosistémicos. 

scholarly journals Assessing the sustainability of traditional agroforestry practices: a case of Mamar agroforestry in Kupang-Indonesia

2021 ◽  
pp. 438-457
Author(s):  
Alfred Umbu Kuala Ngaji ◽  
Muhammad Baiquni ◽  
Hatma Suryatmojo ◽  
Eko Haryono
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
The People ◽  
Change Of Perspective ◽  
Traditional Agroforestry ◽  
Cultural Functions ◽  
Important Value Index ◽  
West Timor

A traditional agroforestry of West Timor, namely Mamar, produces important ecosystem services to the people of this arid region, however, its management tends to change, thereby disrupting its sustainability. This study aims to assess the sustainability of Mamar agroforestry by analyzing the livelihood assests of the community, the biophysical land performance of the soil, and the value of ecosystem services. Furthermore, data, on perception and livelihood assets; the level of soil damage, the importance value index, and diversity index, the value of ecosystem services based on the opinion of experts and community leaders, as well as change in land use were collected in five villages in Kupang district using surveys with a qualitative and quantitative approach. The results showed a change of perspective in Mamar's management; the decrease in the important value index of cultural crops, the diversity index is classified as declining, there is soil damage in several parameters, and the value of ecosystem services does not focus on cultural services. Considering this result, there is a socio-ecological trade-off that reduces support for the sustainability of  Mamar as traditional agroforestry that emphasizes socio-cultural functions.

scholarly journals Nutrient Analysis and Species Diversity of Alpine Grasslands: A Comparative Analysis of Less Studied Biodiversity Hotspots

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 887
Author(s):  
Ishfaq Ahmad Wani ◽  
Susheel Verma ◽  
Renu Gupta ◽  
Masood Majaz Ganaie ◽  
Gaurav Nigam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Dissimilarity Index ◽  
Alpine Grasslands ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Nutrient Analysis

The alpine grasslands of Kashmir Himalaya act as a treasure house of floristic biodiversity. They have remained largely unstudied because of their remoteness and inaccessibility. It is imperative to have quantitative studies of these areas to allow the long-term monitoring of flora in these fragile ecosystems. During the present study, nutrient analysis and species diversity of some alpine grasslands were investigated. Electroconductivity (EC) of the soils ranged between 0.12 and 0.33 (dSm−1). With an increase in altitude and precipitation and a decrease in temperature, soil pH and available macro-nutrients (OC, N, P, K) show a considerable decrease. Sixty-six plant species belonging to twenty-nine families and fifty-one genera were reported with members predominantly from the Asteraceae, Rosaceae and Plantaginaceae families. Seven species were common to all study areas and Renyi diversity profiles showed that Kongwattan was the most diverse followed by Poshpathri and Yousmarg. The results of the Sorensen β diversity index showed a relatively lower dissimilarity index among the three studied alpine sites. In the majority of the growth forms, growth initiation was recorded in April, whereas senescence occurred in September. The highest bloom was seen in June-July. The plant species exhibited a greater variability in their phenophases under different environmental conditions and altitudinal gradients. Plants were more vigorous at lower altitudes and showed rapid response to the prevailing conditions. Stoloniferous forbs and tussock forming graminoids such as Sibbaldia cuneata, Trifolium repens, Plantago major, Trifolium pratense, Poa compressa, Poa angustifolia, and Plantago lanceolata showed a greater importance value index (IVI). The sedentary system of livestock rearing at Yousmarg resulted in the decreased density of the palatable species. This study allowed us to conclude that direct knowledge of soil nutrient composition and species diversity in alpine ecosystems can enhance conservation and ensure better management practices over a period of time.

scholarly journals Population status and distribution of the Critically Endangered Bengal Florican Houbaropsis bengalensis in the grassland of Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 19293-19301
Author(s):  
Ritika Prasai ◽  
Hemanta Kafley ◽  
Suraj Upadhaya ◽  
Swosthi Thapa ◽  
Pratistha Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Population Status ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Wildlife Reserve

The Bengal Florican Houbaropsis bengalensis is one of the most threatened terrestrial bird species, listed as ‘Critically Endangered’ by the IUCN. This species is protected globally and locally due to very low population (global population is approximately 250–999 individuals), and little is known about its distribution and habitat use. We assessed population status and distribution of floricans in Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve, Nepal (KTWR). We surveyed 57 1-km2 randomly distributed blocks across the reserve to record as many individuals as possible during their breeding season (March–May). We walked 2,964 transects (52 transects on each block) each of length 1 km on 57 blocks of 1-km2 to estimate their population. We surveyed when the birds are most active during early morning (0600–0930 h) and later afternoon (1530–1900 h). We calculated grass importance value index (IVI), grass species composition, grass height, relative frequency of grass species, relative density of grass species, percent of grass ground coverage, presence/absence of human activity, and presence/absence of livestock to assess the habitat condition. We recorded 18 individuals (16 males and 2 females) inside the core of the reserve, where the habitat is dominated by Imperata cylindrica. Human disturbance had a negative impact on occurrence of the florican. We recommend implementing a Bengal Florican-specific conservation action plan to promote community-based conservation and restrict human encroachment in the grassland habitat. 

scholarly journals Estrutura de um Fragmento de Caatinga Infestado por Cryptostegia madagascariensis Bojer ex Decne

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1952
Author(s):  
Elaine Maia Barbosa ◽  
Oriel Herrera Bonila ◽  
Eliseu Marlônio Pereira Lucena ◽  
Lívia Maria de Andrade Araújo ◽  
Sara Regina da Silva de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Brazilian Northeast ◽  
And Control ◽  
The City

A espécie Cryptostegia madagascariensis Bojer ex Decne., natural de Madagascar, na África, após ser introduzida no Brasil vem proliferando-se rapidamente em extensas áreas no Nordeste brasileiro. Sua presença no bioma caatinga vem causando grande preocupação para as comunidades extrativistas, visto que essa invasora causa morte de espécies nativas de alto valor socioeconômico como a Copernicia prunifera (Mill) H. E. Moore., popularmente chamada de carnaúba. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a estrutura de um fragmento de caatinga infestado por C. madagascariensis. Próximo ao município de Pacatuba-CE uma área de carnaubal foi delimitada e para realizar uma avaliação da estrutura da comunidade invadida, foram utilizados cálculos que são referências em estudos fitossociológicos como, índice de valor de importância, índice de Shannon-Wiener (H’), índice de impacto ambiental de espécies exóticas (IIAE), além das densidades e frequências relativas e absolutas dos indivíduos. A elevada frequência e densidade relativa da invasora, o baixo H’ (1,86) e IIAE de 0,69, demonstram como a estrutura e diversidade da comunidade está sendo afetada pela invasão. Concluímos que é urgente a intervenção e controle dessa invasora, uma vez que a vegetação nativa está sendo ameaçada. Structure of a Fragment of Caatinga Infested by Cryptostegia madagascariensis Bojer ex DecneA B S T R A C TThe species Cryptostegia madagascariensis Bojer ex Decne., natural from Madagascar, in Africa, after being introduced in Brazil, is pullulating quickly extensive areas of Brazilian Northeast. Its presence in the caatinga bioma is causing considerable preoccupation to the extractivist communities, since this invader is causing the death of native species with high socioeconomic value as the Copernicia prunifera (Mill) H. E. Moore., popularly known as carnaúba. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the structure of a fragment of caatinga infested by C. madagascariensis. Nearby the city of Pacatuba, CE, an area of carnauba forest was delimited to perform an evaluation of the invaded community structure. We utilized calculations that are reference in phytosociological studies as, importance value index, Shannon-Wiener Function (H’), environmental impact of alien species (IIAE), densities, relative and absolute frequencies of the subjects. The high frequency and relative density of the invasive species, the low H’ (1.86) and 0.69 IIAE, demonstrate how the structure and diversity of the community is being affected by the invasion. We concluded that an intervention is urgent the intervention and control of this invasive species, since the native vegetation is being threatened.Keywords: Invasion, biodiversity, carnaúba palm.

Struktur Makroalga Pada Ekosistem Lamun Di Kecamatan Tabukan Selatan, Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe, Sulawesi Utara (Structure of Macroalgae in Seagrass Ecosystems at South Tabukan District, Sangihe Islands Regency, North Sulawesi

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Irawaty Mertosono ◽  
Ratna Siahaan ◽  
Pience Maabuat
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Marine Macroalgae ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Land Conversion ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Sea Transportation ◽  
Seagrass Ecosystems ◽  
Biodiversity Decline

Struktur Makroalga Pada Ekosistem Lamun Di Kecamatan Tabukan Selatan, Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe, Sulawesi Utara(Structure of Macroalgae in Seagrass Ecosystems at South TabukanDistrict, Sangihe Islands Regency, North Sulawesi) Irawaty A. Mertosono1), Ratna Siahaan1*) Pience V. Maabuat1)1)Jurusan Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado 95115*Email korespondensi:[email protected] Diterima  15 Februari 2019, diterima untuk dipublikasi 28 Februari  2019 Abstrak Makroalga laut merupakan tumbuhan laut yang tidak memiliki akar, batang, maupun daun sejati. Kegiatan manusia berupa pemanfaatan makroalga, konversi lahan, dan transportasi laut dapat menjadi penyebab penurunan biodiversitas makroalga. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis struktur dan distribusi makroalga pada ekosistem lamun di Kecamatan Tabukan Selatan, Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe, Sulawesi Utara. Lokasi penelitian di tiga stasiun penelitian yaitu Pantai Karurung - Desa Salurang, Pantai Palareng - Desa Palareng dan Pantai Galoghong – Desa Batuwingkung. Penelitian dilakukan pada November-Desember 2018 dengan pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode garis transek (line transect) dengan teknik pencuplikan kuadrat. Makroalga yang ditemukan sebanyak 36 spesies yang terdiri atas 25 spesies Divisi Chlorophyta, sembilan (9) spesies Divisi Rhodophyta dan dua (2) spesies Divisi Phaeophyta. Makroalga Bornetella nitida memiliki Indeks Nilai Penting 39, 24% mendominasi di lokasi penelitian. Keanekaragaman Shannon-Wiener (H’) spesies makroalga di Stasiun I (H’:3,02) tergolong tinggi sedangkan pada Stasiun II (H’:2,86)  dan Stasiun III (H’:2,63) tergolong sedang. Secara keseluruhan, keanekaragaman spesies makroalga di Kecamatan Tabukan Selatang tergolong tinggi (H’:3,00). Kata kunci:   struktur makroalga, Pantai Karurung, Pantai Palareng, Pantai Galoghong,Tabukan Selatan Abstract Marine macroalgae are marine plant-like organisms that has no true roots, stems, or leaves. The human ativities of macroalgae utilization, land conversion, and sea transportation can cause of macroalgae biodiversity decline. The purpose of this study was to analyze the structure and distribution of macroalgae in seagrass ecosystems at South Tabukan District, Sangihe Islands Regency, North Sulawesi. The research locations were at three research stations, i.e. Karurung Beach - Salurang Village, Palareng Beach - Palareng Village and Galoghong Beach - Batuwingkung Village. The study was conducted in November-December 2018 with line transect method sampling and quadrate sampling technique. Macroalgae were 36 species consists of 25 species of Chlorophyta Division, nine (9) species of Rhodophyta Division and two (2) species of Phaeophyta Division. Macroalga Bornetella nitida had Importance Value Index 39.24% that dominated research locations. The Shannon-Wiener biodiversity Index (H’) of macroalgae species at Station I (H': 3.02) was classified as high while Station II (H': 2.86) and Station III (H ': 2.63) were moderate. Overall, macroalgae species diversity at Tabukan Selatang District was high (H’: 3.00). Keywords: Macroalgae structure, Macroalgae distribution, Karurung Beach, Palareng Beach, Galoghong Beach, South Tabukan

scholarly journals Integrating constraint effects among ecosystem services and drivers on seasonal scales into management practices

2021 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 107425
Author(s):  
Shengkun Li ◽  
Xiaobing Li ◽  
Huashun Dou ◽  
Dongliang Dang ◽  
Jirui Gong
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Constraint Effects

scholarly journals Changes in Woody Vegetation over 31 Years in Farmed Parkland of the Central Plateau, Burkina Faso

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 470
Author(s):  
Koichi Takenaka ◽  
Kenta Ikazaki ◽  
Saïdou Simporé ◽  
François Kaboré ◽  
Natacha Thiombiano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Woody Vegetation ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Central Plateau ◽  
West Region ◽  
Sapling Survival ◽  
Tree Composition ◽  
Insight Into

Farmed parklands of the Central Plateau, Burkina Faso, integrate native woody vegetation with managed cropland. However, sapling survival in the parklands is increasingly threatened. This study characterized woody vegetation abundance along a 2.7 km long transect in the Doulou Basin, Boulkiemdé Province, Central West Region, to assess changes in vegetation composition since 1984. In addition, a householder survey was conducted to gain insight into tree uses and preferences and residents’ knowledge of regulations. In total, 4999 individuals from 26 tree species were recorded, including 123 individuals (11 species) with stem DBH ≥ 5 cm, and 4876 individuals (21 species) with stem DBH < 5 cm. The three species with the highest importance value index provided fruit for sale or self-consumption. Tree abundance was associated with soil type and topography; highest abundance was on Lixisol soils along the lower transect. Soil degradation and preference changes among residents since 1984 may have influenced tree abundance. Certain beneficial species (e.g., Vitellaria paradoxa) have declined in abundance, and certain exotics (Azadirachta indica and Eucalyptus camaldulensis) have expanded in distribution. Respondents expressed strongest interest in three species, including V. paradoxa, that show high versatility. These results supported the recorded tree composition. The respondents generally understood forest conservation regulations. Dissemination of regreening technology and awareness promotion among residents is essential for sustainable tree use in farmed parklands.

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