scholarly journals Prevalence of Ocular Complications in Patients with Zygomatic Bone Fractures in an Iranian Population

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Mahmood Hashemi ◽  
Sarvenaz Karimi Avval
Keyword(s):  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Maxillofacial Trauma ◽  
Palpebral Fissure ◽  
Ocular Involvement ◽  
Ocular Complications ◽  
Zygomatic Bone ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Midfacial Trauma ◽  
Patients Experience ◽  
Zygomatic Fractures

Objectives: Damages to the middle third of the facial bone generally involve the orbital skeleton and can lead to eye impairment. In this study, it is attempted to determine the incidence of ophthalmic injuries in maxillofacial trauma with zygomatic bone fractures. Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifteen cases with ophthalmic (ocular) involvement after maxillofacial trauma were referred to the Shariati Hospital, Tehran, Iran, and were visited at the Ophthalmology Department between 2016 and 2018. Zygomatic fractures and resulting ocular complications were evaluated in 87 males and 28 females with the mean ages of 26 and 32 years, respectively. Results: Subconjunctival ecchymosis was detected in 23.07% of men and 21.05% of women. Displacement of the palpebral fissure was detected in 26.5% of men and 27.6% of women. Furthermore, the unequal pupillary level was observed in 18.37% of men and 15.78% of women. Diplopia was detected in 8.9% of men and 10.5% of women. Additionally, enophthalmos was observed in 23.1% of men and 25% of women. Conclusion: The most common ocular presentations in midfacial trauma are diplopia and reduced visual acuity. Even after the operation, a significant number of patients experience poor vision and diplopia. Ophthalmology consultation is essential for these patients.

In the emergency department

2011 ◽  
pp. 59-104
Author(s):  
Luke Cascarini ◽  
Clare Schilling ◽  
Ben Gurney ◽  
Peter Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Soft Tissue Injuries ◽  
Frontal Bone ◽  
Maxillofacial Trauma ◽  
Mandibular Fractures ◽  
Penetrating Injuries ◽  
Orbital Floor Fractures ◽  
Zygomatic Fractures

OMFS in the emergency department 60 The paediatric OMFS patient 62 Overview of maxillofacial trauma 64 Mandibular fractures 66 Zygomatic fractures 70 Orbital floor fractures 72 Maxillary fractures 74 Nose, naso-ethmoidal, and frontal bone fractures 76 Face and scalp soft tissue injuries 78 Penetrating injuries to the neck ...

scholarly journals The Dual Role of Oat Bran Water Extract in Bone Homeostasis Through the Regulation of Osteoclastogenesis and Osteoblast Differentiation

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 3119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin-Hye Kim ◽  
Kwang-Jin Kim ◽  
Hyeon Kang ◽  
Young-Jin Son ◽  
Sik-Won Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osteoblast Differentiation ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Osteoclast Differentiation ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Bone Homeostasis ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Oat Bran

The number of patients with bone metabolic disorders including osteoporosis is increasing worldwide. These disorders often facilitate bone fractures, which seriously impact the patient’s quality of life and could lead to further health complications. Bone homeostasis is tightly regulated to balance bone resorption and formation. However, many anti-osteoporotic agents are broadly categorized as either bone forming or anti-resorptive, and their therapeutic use is often limited due to unwanted side effects. Therefore, safe and effective therapeutic agents are needed for osteoporosis. This study aims to clarify the bone protecting effects of oat bran water extract (OBWE) and its mode of action. OBWE inhibited RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand)-induced osteoclast differentiation by blocking c-Fos/NFATc1 through the alteration of I-κB. Furthermore, we found that OBWE enhanced BMP-2-stimulated osteoblast differentiation by the induction of Runx2 via Smad signaling molecules. In addition, the anti-osteoporotic activity of OBWE was also evaluated using an in vivo model. OBWE significantly restored ovariectomy-induced bone loss. These in vitro and in vivo results showed that OBWE has the potential to prevent and treat bone metabolic disorders including osteoporosis.

scholarly journals Factors to Consider in the Use of Vital Signs Wearables to Minimize Contact With Stable COVID-19 Patients: Experience of Its Implementation During the Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Monica Pei Jin Fan ◽  
Shin Yuh Ang ◽  
Ghee Chee Phua ◽  
Lee Chen Ee ◽  
Kok Cheong Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Healthcare Facility ◽  
Wearable Device ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Healthcare Industry ◽  
Patient Contact ◽  
Vital Signs Monitoring ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Patients Experience

The COVID-19 pandemic has created a huge burden on the healthcare industry worldwide. Pressures to increase the isolation healthcare facility to cope with the growing number of patients led to an exploration of the use of wearables for vital signs monitoring among stable COVID-19 patients. Vital signs wearables were chosen for use in our facility with the purpose of reducing patient contact and preserving personal protective equipment. The process of deciding on the wearable solution as well as the implementation of the solution brought much insight to the team. This paper presents an overview of factors to consider in implementing a vital signs wearable solution. This includes considerations before deciding on whether or not to use a wearable device, followed by key criteria of the solution to assess. With the use of wearables rising in popularity, this serves as a guide for others who may want to implement it in their institutions.

scholarly journals Interrelation between facial soft tissue lessions, underlying fracture patterns and treatment of zygomatic bone trauma: a 10 year retrospective study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juncar Raluca Iulia ◽  
Paul Andrei Tent ◽  
Juncar Mihai ◽  
Arghir Ioan Anton ◽  
Arghir Cristina Oana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Fracture Pattern ◽  
Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Facial Soft Tissue ◽  
Nominal Data ◽  
Correct Treatment ◽  
Zygomatic Bone ◽  
Zygomatic Fracture

Abstract Background: The pattern of zygomatic bone fractures varies in the literature, their features being frequently masked by the presence of associated soft tissue lesions. In this context the clinical diagnosis and the therapeutic indications can be difficult. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical features of zygomatic bone fractures and their interrelation with concomitant overlying soft tissue injuries, as well as to assess the type of treatment methods applied depending on the fracture pattern and the results achieved depending on the incidence rate of postoperative complications. We will use these results in order to improve the diagnosis and the establishment of correct treatment of this pathology. Methods: A 10-year retrospective evaluation of midface fractures was performed in patients diagnosed and treated in a tertiary Clinic of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Statistical analysis was performed with the MedCalc Statistical Software version 19.2 (MedCalc Software bvba, Ostend, Belgium;53 https://www.medcalc.org; 2020). Nominal data were expressed as frequency and percentage. The comparisons of the frequencies of a nominal variable among the categories of another nominal variable were made using the chi-square test. Multivariate logistic regressions were used in order to establish the independent association between variables and lacerations/excoriations. After using the Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons, a value of p<0.025 was considered statistically significant.Results: The study included 242 patients with zygomatic bone fractures. The majority of the fractures were displaced n=179 (73.9%), closed n=179 (73.9%) and complete n=219 (90.5%). Hematoma was the most frequent associated soft tissue lesion n=102 (42.1%) regardless of the fracture pattern (p=1.000). Complete zygomatic fracture (OR – 2.68; p=0.035) and fractures with displacement (OR – 3.66; p=0.012) were independently associated with the presence of laceration. Fractures with displacement (OR – 7.1; p=0.003) were independently associated with the presence of excoriation. The most frequent type of treatment applied was Gillies reduction (61.9%), followed by ORIF (30.9%). The most frequent postoperative complication was malunion secondary to Gillies treatment (4,6%). Conclusions: Patients presenting lacerations and excoriations on clinical soft tissue examination will most frequently have an underlying complete, displaced or comminuted zygomatic fracture. In the case of displaced, open or comminuted fractures we achieved the best results secondary to ORIF treatment method, while in the case of non-displaced and closed fractures, the best results achieved were secondary to conservative treatment.

Gut Microbiota and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors-Based Immunotherapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingming Tian ◽  
Si Zhang ◽  
Yujen Tseng ◽  
Xizhong Shen ◽  
Ling Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Antitumor Response ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Patients Experience

: Application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is a major breakthrough in the field of cancer therapy, which has displayed tremendous potential in various types of malignancies. However, their response rates range widely in different cancer types and a significant number of patients experience immune-related adverse effects (irAEs) induced by these drugs, limiting the proportion of patients who can truly benefit from ICIs. Gut microbiota has gained increasing attention due to its emerging role in regulating the immune system. In recent years, numerous studies have shown that gut microbiota can modulate antitumor response, as well as decrease the risk of colitis due to ICIs in patients receiving immunotherapy. The present review analyzed recent progress of relevant basic and clinical studies in this area and explored new perspectives to enhance the efficacy of ICIs and alleviate associated irAEs via manipulation of the gut microbiota.

Management of advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD)

2021 ◽  
pp. 608-688
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Conservative Care ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
The World ◽  
Patients Experience

The number of patients with advanced kidney disease requiring dialysis is increasing in all parts of the world. Managing patients as they transition onto dialysis and providing support and guidance as they make important treatment choices are essential components of a nephrologist’s job. Ensuring timely preparation for dialysis, allowing patients the opportunity to explore all options, including conservative care, and managing individual expectations of dialysis are increasingly important. All nephrologists will manage patients treated with dialysis and therefore it is imperative that they have a sound understanding of different dialysis modalities, how to assess the adequacy of dialysis, and the commonly encountered medical problems dialysis patients experience.

scholarly journals Perfoation of the gallbladder: ‘bait’ for the unsuspecting laparoscopic surgeon

2017 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. e15-e18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Mughal ◽  
J Green ◽  
PJ Whatling ◽  
R Patel ◽  
TC Holme
Keyword(s):  
Case History ◽  
Gallstone Disease ◽  
Gallbladder Perforation ◽  
Cholecystoduodenal Fistula ◽  
Biliary Anatomy ◽  
Appropriate Care ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
General Surgeons ◽  
Acute Perforation ◽  
Patients Experience

INTRODUCTION Cholecystectomy is one of the most common elective procedures carried out by general surgeons. Most patients present with typical biliary anatomy and simple gallstone disease. Intraoperative and postoperative courses are frequently predictable and uncomplicated. Nevertheless, a small but significant number of patients experience complicated disease with rare presentations and complex biliary anatomy. Unfortunately, consensus on appropriate care for such patients is lacking. CASE HISTORY We describe three patients who presented with complex manifestations of gallbladder perforation: acute perforation of the gallbladder; a spontaneous cholecystocutaneous fistula; a cholecystoduodenal fistula. The initial presentation, preoperative investigations, and selected surgical strategy for each case are described. CONCLUSIONS The case studies described here illustrate the need for a low index of suspicion for gallbladder perforation. Caution should be exercised in preoperative and intraoperative phases in this patient population.

scholarly journals Unusual olfactory perception during radiation sessions for primary brain tumors: a retrospective study

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 812-817
Author(s):  
Mika Obinata ◽  
Kana Yamada ◽  
Keisuke Sasai
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Primary Brain Tumors ◽  
Medical Study ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Patients Experience

Abstract During irradiation sessions for brain tumors or head and neck cancers, some patients experience abnormal olfactory sensations. To date, the frequency of such sensations during these treatment sessions has not been investigated. We analyzed abnormal olfactory sensations in patients who underwent radiation therapy at our institution for primary brain tumors, excluding malignant lymphoma, between January 2009 and January 2018. A total of 191 patients who were awake during radiation treatment and capable of communicating were analyzed in this retrospective medical study. Of these patients, 7 were aware of olfactory sensations during irradiation. The median age of these 7 patients was 13 (range 8–47) years, Six were &lt;20 years of age, accounting for 10% of the total population of similar age (n = 60). However, only 1 of 131 patients aged ≥20 years complained of strange olfactory sensations. Four of seven patients had germ cell tumors, but none had a medulloblastoma. We investigated patients who experienced light sensation, as an internal standard to ascertain the accuracy of this study. Only 10 patients experienced light sensation during their irradiation sessions. This suggests that the frequency of these sensations was possibly underestimated in our study. In conclusion, a considerable number of patients experienced unusual olfactory sensations during radiation treatment. Further prospective studies on abnormal olfactory sensations during irradiation are needed to clarify the underlying mechanism of this sensation.

Role of detection of metastatic disease as a leading cause of screening failure in an ongoing phase III trial of zibotentan versus placebo in patients with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (7_suppl) ◽  
pp. 135-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Y. Yu ◽  
F. E. Nathan ◽  
C. S. Higano
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Metastatic Disease ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Primary Endpoints ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Definitive Therapy ◽  
Patients Experience

135 Background: Many patients with biochemical relapse after definitive therapy for prostate cancer receive androgen deprivation therapy. Although most patients experience a decline in PSA, PSA eventually rises despite a castrate level of testosterone. Many of these patients have non-metastatic disease and do not develop metastases for a median of 30 mos (Smith MR. JCO, 2005). However, there is no standard therapy for asymptomatic patients with non-metastatic CRPC. ENTHUSE M0 (Study 15) is an ongoing global phase III study comparing zibotentan 10 mg (an oral specific endothelin A receptor antagonist) vs placebo in non-metastatic CRPC patients. Co-primary endpoints are overall survival and progression-free survival; secondary endpoints are safety, PSA, quality of life, and time to symptomatic progression. Eligible patients are screened for metastases by bone and CT/MRI scan and other parameters. An unexpectedly high number of patients failed screening, prompting this analysis. Methods: All patients who were screened were included in the analysis. Reasons for exclusion were recorded. Results: As of June 3, 2010, 1,756 patients completed screening. Of these patients, 960 (55%) were randomized and 796 (45%) failed screening. The leading causes of screen failures are listed in the table. Exclusion rates by investigator specialty and country will be reported. Conclusions: As 30% of patients had metastatic disease on screening and were excluded, these data suggest that the frequency of asymptomatic metastases is high in men thought to have non-metastatic CRPC. These findings stress the value of periodic staging studies in men progressing from hormone sensitive to non-metastatic CRPC as metastatic CRPC patients may benefit from standard treatments or research treatments on other protocols. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Endoscopic and angiographic management of lower gastrointestinal bleeding: Review of the published literature

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J Werner ◽  
Hendrik Manner ◽  
Marc Nguyen-Tat ◽  
Roman Kloeckner ◽  
Ralf Kiesslich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Bleeding ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding ◽  
Endoscopic Procedures ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Rising Incidence ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Bleeding ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract Bleeding ◽  
Patients Experience

Lower gastrointestinal bleeding is common and occurs often in elderly patients. In rare cases it is associated with hemorrhagic shock. A large number of such bleedings, which are often caused by colon diverticula, subside spontaneously. Alternatively they can be treated by endoscopic procedures successfully. Given the aging population of our society, the rising incidence of lower gastrointestinal tract bleeding and new anticoagulant therapies, some of the bleedings tend to be severe. Colonoscopy is the established standard procedure for the diagnosis and treatment of lower gastrointestinal bleeding. However, a small number of patients experience re-bleeding or shock; their bleeding does not resolve spontaneously and cannot be treated successfully by endoscopic procedures. In such patients, interventional radiology is very useful for the detection of bleeding and the achievement of hemostasis. Against this background we performed a literature search using PubMed to identify all relevant studies focused on the endoscopic and radiological management of lower gastrointestinal bleeding and present recent conclusions on the subject.

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