scholarly journals Frequency and antimicrobial resistance pattern of bacterial isolates from patients with COVID-19 in two hospitals of Zanjan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narges Moradi ◽  
Niloufar Kazemi ◽  
Mehdi Ghaemi ◽  
Bahman Mirzaei
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Urine Specimens

Background and Objectives: The outbreak of COVID-19 has been challenging the global health systems. As one of the major associated concerns, microbial co-infections and antimicrobial resistance play critical roles in the prognosis of the disease. This study aims to evaluate co-infections in COVID-19 patients regarding drug resistance. Materials and Methods: A total number of 5530 Real Time PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases, who were admitted to two major educational Hospitals in Zanjan, Iran, from February 2019 to February 2020 were included. Respiratory, blood and urine specimens were collected and cultured on selective media. Subsequently, isolates identification, disc diffusion suscep- tibility tests, and data analysis were carried out. Results: Bacterial and fungal co-infections were confirmed in 423 patients (8.1%). Co-infections were more prevalent among females (53.2%) than males (46.8%). Coinfected patients had a significantly higher mortality rate compared to those without co-infections (54.8% vs. 12.2%, P<0.001). Acinetobacter baumannii was the most prevalent bacteria isolated from respiratory tract (15.4%) and blood (2.1%). Escherichia coli (12.5%) was the most frequent bacteria in urine. Fungal co-in- fection was confirmed in 174 (3.36%) patients. Gram-negative bacteria were highly sensitive to colistin (97.85%) and wide- ly resistant to cefixime (91.79%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (89.64%). Gram-positive bacteria were considerably sensitive to vancomycin (68%) and nitrofurantoin (66%). Tetracycline and ampicillin were the least effective antibiotics for Gram-positive bacteria with respective resistance rates of 90.91% and 83.33%. Conclusion: Given the high incidence of bacterial co-infections in COVID-19 patients, it is important to develop rapid and efficient diagnostic, therapeutic and disinfection guidelines to control these infections in the hospitals.  

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance rates in gram-positive bacteria do not drive glycopeptides use

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. e0181358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beryl Primrose Gladstone ◽  
Andrea Cona ◽  
Parichehr Shamsrizi ◽  
Tuba Vilken ◽  
Winfred V. Kern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Resistance Rates

scholarly journals The dishwasher rubber seal acts as a reservoir of bacteria in the home environment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerneja Zupančič ◽  
Martina Turk ◽  
Miha Črnigoj ◽  
Jerneja Ambrožič Avguštin ◽  
Nina Gunde-Cimerman
Keyword(s):  
Home Environment ◽  
Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Extreme Environment ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacillus Cereus Group ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Biodiversity

Abstract Bacteria that colonise the extreme environment of household dishwasher rubber seals were investigated using cultivation-dependent and metagenomic approaches. All 30 dishwashers investigated were colonised by various bacteria. Cultivation approaches resulted in 632 bacterial isolates in total, belonging to four phyla, eight classes, 40 genera and 74 species. The majority were Gram-positive, as solely Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. Bacilli represented half of the Gram-positive isolates, and were dominated by the Bacillus cereus group. Gammaproteobacteria were primarily represented by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. All isolates were tested for resistance to seven selected antibiotics. Metagenomic assessment of the bacterial biodiversity of the dishwasher rubber seals confirmed the predominance of Gram-positive bacteria, as primarily Actinobacteria dominated by Gordonia, followed by Proteobacteria dominated by Gammaproteobacteria, and by pathogenic species such as Escherichia sp., Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas sp., Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Enterobacter sp.. Metagenomic assessment of bacterial biodiversity in the tap water connected to dishwashers revealed predominance of Gram-negative bacteria, and in particular Proteobacteria, dominated by Betaproteobacteria, mainly represented by Tepidimonas sp.. Both Actinobacteria and Firmicutes showed low numbers, while there were markedly more Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria in the tap water. These data indicate that colonisation of dishwasher rubber seals depends primarily on the bacterial input from the dirty vessels, and much less on the bacteria in the tap water.

scholarly journals Bacterial etiology and antibiotic resistance pattern of neonatal sepsis: a study in a tertiary care hospital, in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1839
Author(s):  
Mahfuza Shirin ◽  
M. Monir Hossain ◽  
Manifa Afrin ◽  
Mohammad Abdullah Al Mamun
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

Background: Neonatal sepsis is a leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. The objective of the study was to detect causative microorganisms of neonatal sepsis and their antimicrobial resistance patterns.Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2017 to June 2018 in the Department of Neonatal Medicine and NICU of Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital (DSH). Neonates diagnosed with probable sepsis were studied. After enrollment, 1 mL blood was taken and sent to Microbiology department of DSH for culture and sensitivity. With baseline characteristics, clinical examination findings and outcome, were also recorded.Results: Rate of isolation of single organism was 9.2% (84/913). Out of 84 isolates, gram negative bacteria were 77.4% with Klebsiella pneumonae being the commonest (35, 41.7%), gram positive bacteria were 11.9% with Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus were equal (5, 5.95% each) and the remaining (9, 10.7%) isolated organism was Candida. Most of the isolated gram-negative bacteria were resistant to ampicillin, gentamicin, and ceftazidime; but gram-positive bacteria preserved 20-80% sensitivity. Klebsiella was more resistant than Acinetobacter to amikacin, netilmicin, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. Around 45-65% of gram-negative bacteria were resistant to imipenem and meropenem but gram-positive bacteria showed lesser resistance. Among the gram-negative bacteria, Klebsiella and Acinetobacter were resistant to piperacillin as same as carbapenem group, but gram-positive bacteria were 100% sensitive to piperacillin. All the gram-negative bacteria showed more resistance to 4th generation cephalosporin, cefepime than carbapenem. Out of culture positive 84 neonates, 63 (75.0%) were cured but 21 (25.0%) died. Among the 21 expired neonates, 47.6% (10/21) were infected with Klebsiella.Conclusion: This study observed that gram-negative bacteria causing neonatal sepsis predominantly, with emergence of Candida. All the isolated gram-positive and gram-negative organisms were mostly resistant to available antibiotics

scholarly journals Study of antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Gram positive organisms causing UTI in a tertiary care hospital in eastern region of Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ratna Baral ◽  
S Timilsina ◽  
P Jha ◽  
NR Bhattarai ◽  
N Poudyal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most important cause of mortality and morbidity affecting all age groups with an estimated 150 million cases occurring globally per year. Resistance to antibiotics is highly prevalent in bacterial isolates causing UTI. Objectives: To observe the isolation of gram positive bacteria causing UTIs and determine their resistance pattern to antibiotics. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in BPKIHS from August 2009- August 2010. A total of 11022 urine samples from patients who visited BPKIHS were analyzed. All specimens were inoculated on routine culture media. Bacterial isolates were identified by conventional bacteriological methods. Susceptibility testing was performed by standard methods as recommended by clinical laboratory standard institute. Results: A total of 459 gram positive uropathogens were isolated. Altogether 5 different gram positive bacteria were isolated among which Staphylococcus aureus (47%) was the most predominant organism followed by Enterococcus species (34%), Enterococcus faecalis (18%), and Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (1%). UTI caused by gram positive uropathogens was seen in 68.8% females as compared to 31.2% males. Multidrug resistance (MDR) isolates accounted for 308 out of 459 isolates (67.10%). Multidrug resistance was commonest with Enterococcus spp (71.5%) followed by Streptococcus spp (66.6%). Drugs, which retained usefulness for Gram-positive isolates were vancomycin, nitrofurantoin, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin. Conclusion: The study revealed that bacterial resistance in gram positive uropathogens in tertiary hospital in eastern region continues to be a great problem. So, regular monitoring of emergence of resistance is highly recommended and specific antibiotics should be given only after the laboratory results are available. Health Renaissance, January-April 2013; Vol. 11 No.1; 119-124 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v11i2.8218

scholarly journals Causative Microorganisms of Infectious Endophthalmitis: A 5-Year Retrospective Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Duan ◽  
Kaili Wu ◽  
Jingyu Liao ◽  
Yongxin Zheng ◽  
Zhaohui Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endogenous Endophthalmitis ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Postoperative Endophthalmitis ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Predominant Species ◽  
Posttraumatic Endophthalmitis ◽  
Infectious Endophthalmitis

This study aimed to identify the microbial etiology of infectious endophthalmitis and to determine the antibacterial susceptibilities of bacterial isolates at an eye hospital in South China. A retrospective analysis was carried out on 330 patients with clinically diagnosed infectious endophthalmitis who underwent microbiological evaluation from January 2010 to December 2014. Of the 330 patients, 193 patients (58.5%) had posttraumatic endophthalmitis, 67 patients (20.3%) had postoperative endophthalmitis, 61 patients (18.5%) had endogenous endophthalmitis, and 9 patients (2.7%) had postcorneal infective endophthalmitis. Of the 105 cases (31.8%) of culture-positive endophthalmitis, 79 cases (75.2%) had bacterial growth and 26 cases (24.8%) had fungal growth. In posttraumatic endophthalmitis, Gram-positive bacteria were the predominant species, followed by Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. In endogenous endophthalmitis, Gram-negative bacteria were the predominant species, followed by fungi and Gram-positive bacteria. In postsurgical endophthalmitis, all infections were bacterial. However, in postcorneal infective endophthalmitis, all infections were fungal. Overall, levofloxacin showed the highest activity against bacterial isolates. There was a significant difference in the susceptibility to tobramycin between the isolates from posttraumatic and postoperative endophthalmitis (p<0.05). The results of this study identify the microbial spectrum of infectious endophthalmitis in this clinical setting.

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance pattern of bacterial isolates retrieved from febrile neutropenic patients with hematological disorders

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayatri Prajapati ◽  
Bishesh Sharma Poudyal ◽  
Krishna Kumar Maharjan ◽  
Sunita Prajapati ◽  
Janak Raj Dhungana
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Hematological Disorders ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Neutropenic Patients

Abstract Background Antibiotic resistance is nowadays becoming a threat in the treatment of immunosuppressed patients. The aim of this study was to find out the antibiotic resistance pattern of bacteria isolated from febrile neutropenic patients with hematological disorders so that it would help to select the empirical antibiotic for prompt effective treatment of the febrile neutropenic patients. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital of Nepal from October 2018 to November 2019. Blood was drawn aseptically in blood culture bottles. The bacteria were identified by standard microbiological methods with observation of colony morphology, gram staining and biochemical tests of bacteria. The antibiotic susceptibility tests were done by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) and Metallo Beta Lactamase (MBL) producers, and Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were detected by phenotypic methods. Results Of the total 214 blood samples, 33.9% (71) yielded the bacterial growth. Gram negative bacteria were isolated from 23.8% of total samples and Gram-positive bacteria were isolated from 9.3% of the total samples. The Gram negative bacteria isolated were Escherichia coli (7.9%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (4.7%), Citrobacter spp. (4.7%), Acinetobacter spp. (3.7%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2.8%). The Gram-positive bacteria isolated were Staphylococcus aureus (5.6%), Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus (2.3%) and Enterococcus spp. (1.4%). About 66.7% of the total Gram-negative bacteria isolated and 50% of the total Gram-positive bacteria were MDR (Multidrug-resistant). About 19.6% of the total Gram-negative bacteria were ESBL producers and 19.6% of them were MBL producers. About 41.6% of Staphylococcus aureus isolated were MRSA (Methicillin Resistant S. aureus). In our institution, piperacillin-tazobactam is the preferred first choice empirical antibiotic. But 58.8% of the Gram negative organisms were found to be resistant towards piperacillin-tazobactam. Hence there is a prompt necessity to switch to another antibiotic with high sensitivity for effective treatment of the febrile neutropenic patients in our institution. Conclusion Antibiotic surveillance data should be evaluated periodically to select the empirical therapeutic antibiotic for effective treatment of febrile neutropenic patients.

scholarly journals Serious Antimicrobial Resistance Status of Pathogens Causing Hospital-acquired Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in North China

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 899-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Wang ◽  
R Zhang ◽  
W Li ◽  
Y Feng ◽  
T Leng
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Antimicrobial resistance patterns of pathogens causing hospital-acquired lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in Shandong Province, China were investigated using data collected from January 2002 to December 2006. A total of 10337 isolates were characterized in sputum samples from 39 920 LRTI patients: 68.72% were Gram-negative bacteria, 20.65% were Gram-positive bacteria, and 10.62% were fungi. Organisms most frequently isolated were: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16.88%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.80%), Escherichia coli (10.71%), fungi (10.62%), Staphylococcus aureus (9.68%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (9.03%). Imipenem was the most effective antibiotic against Gram-negative bacteria. Most Gram-positive bacteria were susceptible to vancomycin. Susceptibility to cephalosporins was not optimal and resistance to fluoroquinolones was high. Resistance of Gram-negative bacteria showed a rapid increase over the study period, while resistance of Gram-positive bacteria remained relatively stable. The emergence of resistance to commonly prescribed antimicrobial agents used against LRTI pathogens has compounded the problem of using empirical therapy and created selective pressure on physicians to use certain antibiotics.

Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Pathogens Isolated from Pus Culture- A Tertiary Care Hospital Based Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
Ankita Singh ◽  
Vikash Verma ◽  
Ritesh Singh
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Background: Microbial pathogens cause human skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) and surgical site infections (SSI) after surgical procedures. These can result in the production of pus, yellowish fluid comprising of dead WBCs and cellular debris. The microorganisms responsible for pus production vary greatly in relation to their spectrum of prevalence in different hospital and also in their antibiotic sensitivity. Further, the antibiotic sensitivity also changes because of the emergence of resistant strains. It is therefore, important that the common bacterial pathogens causing infection in a particular hospital and their sensitivity should be known. This will help in the choice of prophylactic antibiotic and in initiating the empirical antibiotic prescription for the infected cases before the culture sensitivity report is made available which takes about 2-3 days. Objective: To identify the spectrum of aerobic bacteria which are responsible for SSTI and SSI and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern. Method: This cross sectional hospital based study was conducted in Nepalgunj Medical College and Teaching Hospital (NGMCTH), Kohalpur from January 2019 to November 2019. These pus swabs were obtained from the Department of Surgery and Department of Gynaecology & Obstretics. Samples were cultured in the Microbiology laboratory of NGMCTH, Kohalpur. Identification and characterization of isolates were performed on the basis of Gram staining and cultural characteristics. Antibiotic sensitivity test was performed in vitro by Bauer-Kirby method. Collected data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 20.0 and Microsoft Excel 2015. Results: During the study period, a total number of 311 pus swabs were obtained among which only 164 (52.73%) pus swab showed bacterial growth. Out of 164 pus swabs, 150 pus swabs yielded monomicrobial growth (150 bacterial isolates) and 14 pus swabs yielded polymicrobial growth (33 bacterial isolates). Gram Negative Bacteria (60.1%) was more prevalent than Gram Positive Bacteria (39.9%). Combined together, the most common isolate was S. aureus (36.1%) followed by E.coli (24.0%), Klebsiella (14.2%), Enterobacter (11.5%), Pseudomonas (9.8%), S. pyogenes (3.3%) and Proteus (1.1%). S. aureus was highly sensitive to Doxycycline (90.6%), Chloramphenicol (81.5%), Amikacin (79.5%) and Ceftraixone (72.7%). S. pyogenes showed 100% sensitivity to Cefexime, Amikacin, Chloramphenicol, Azithromycin and 80% sensitivity to Doxycycline. Similarly, most common gram negative isolate E.coli showed higher sensitivity to Chloramphenicol(71.4%) and Amikacin (66.7%) , Klebsiella showed higher sensitivity to Doxycycline(92.3%), Gentamicin(87.5%) and Amikacin (81.0%), Enterobacter showed higher sensitivity to Amikacin(90.9%) and Pseudomonas was highly sensitive to Chloramphenicol (71.4%) and Amikacin (66.7%). Piperacillin, Amikacin, Gentamicin, Ofloxacin and Ceftriaxone showed 100% sensitivity to Proteus spp. Amoxyclav, Cefepime and Cefexime (except in S. pyogenes) showed least sensitivity in both gram negative and gram positive bacterial isolates. Conclusion: In our study, the most common isolate wasS. aureus. Amikacin, as a single drug was found to be effective for empirical therapy of both gram negative and gram positive bacteria whereas Doxycycline and Amikacin was found effective in gram positive isolates. Amoxyclav and Cefepimewas commonly resistant in all bacterial isolates.

scholarly journals Infertile Semen Bacterial Isolates and their Local Multiple Antibacterial Resistance Pattern in Lagos, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Azubike Enwuru ◽  
Bamidele Iwalokun ◽  
Nkechi V Enwuru ◽  
Oliver Ezechi
Keyword(s):  
Effective Control ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Contributory Factor ◽  
P Value ◽  
Antibacterial Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Bacterial Aetiology ◽  
Resistance Rates

Introduction: Infertility affects about 15% of couples globally and male contributory factor accounts for 20-30% of such cases. Antibacterial treatment is recommended for infertility of bacterial aetiology. However, Multidrug Resistance (MDR) of the organisms could impair the effectiveness of such infertility treatment. Aim: The present study researched on the MDR pattern of bacteria from semen of infertile men in Lagos, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a controlled cross-sectional study, where in-vitro antibiotic sensitivity tests were conducted on consecutive bacterial isolates from prospective infertile and fertile semen control groups, using Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute’s (CLSI) interpretative criteria. Antibacterial resistance was expressed in % and semen quality of “before and after” treatment was compered using t-test, p-value <0.05, at 95% confidence interval. Results: A total of 174 (117 Gram positive and 55 Gram negative and 2 yeast-like cells) mainly Staphylococcus spp. and Escherichia coli were studied, between 2009 and 2014. The Gram-positive cocci showed low resistance to Cefoxitin (9.2%) and Fluoroquinolone (45.9%); while Penicillin showed the highest resistance (98.37%). Within organisms’ total resistance rates of 98.3% Amoxicillin (AMX), 89.7% Cloxacillin (CXC), 87.2% Nalidixic acid (NAL) and 83.7% Sulfonamide (Cotrimoxazole) (COT) were recorded. The most prevalent Gram negative isolate (E.coli), showed 100% resistance to AMX, 95.8% Erythromycin, 95.8% Streptomycin, 91.7% amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, 83.3% tetracycline and 83.3% NAL. The most prevalent Gram positive isolate (S. aureus) had resistance rates 97% for AMX, 92.6% NAL, and 91.2% CXC among others. All MDR strains had MICs ranging 4-256 mg/L to the panel of antibiotics tested. Conclusion: There is concurrence in the pattern of MDR in this study to those seen across the world; however, increasing rates were apparent, probably due to lack of effective control policies. There is need for drug surveillance and control in Nigeria.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document