scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance pattern of bacterial isolates retrieved from febrile neutropenic patients with hematological disorders

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayatri Prajapati ◽  
Bishesh Sharma Poudyal ◽  
Krishna Kumar Maharjan ◽  
Sunita Prajapati ◽  
Janak Raj Dhungana
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Hematological Disorders ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Neutropenic Patients

Abstract Background Antibiotic resistance is nowadays becoming a threat in the treatment of immunosuppressed patients. The aim of this study was to find out the antibiotic resistance pattern of bacteria isolated from febrile neutropenic patients with hematological disorders so that it would help to select the empirical antibiotic for prompt effective treatment of the febrile neutropenic patients. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital of Nepal from October 2018 to November 2019. Blood was drawn aseptically in blood culture bottles. The bacteria were identified by standard microbiological methods with observation of colony morphology, gram staining and biochemical tests of bacteria. The antibiotic susceptibility tests were done by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) and Metallo Beta Lactamase (MBL) producers, and Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were detected by phenotypic methods. Results Of the total 214 blood samples, 33.9% (71) yielded the bacterial growth. Gram negative bacteria were isolated from 23.8% of total samples and Gram-positive bacteria were isolated from 9.3% of the total samples. The Gram negative bacteria isolated were Escherichia coli (7.9%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (4.7%), Citrobacter spp. (4.7%), Acinetobacter spp. (3.7%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2.8%). The Gram-positive bacteria isolated were Staphylococcus aureus (5.6%), Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus (2.3%) and Enterococcus spp. (1.4%). About 66.7% of the total Gram-negative bacteria isolated and 50% of the total Gram-positive bacteria were MDR (Multidrug-resistant). About 19.6% of the total Gram-negative bacteria were ESBL producers and 19.6% of them were MBL producers. About 41.6% of Staphylococcus aureus isolated were MRSA (Methicillin Resistant S. aureus). In our institution, piperacillin-tazobactam is the preferred first choice empirical antibiotic. But 58.8% of the Gram negative organisms were found to be resistant towards piperacillin-tazobactam. Hence there is a prompt necessity to switch to another antibiotic with high sensitivity for effective treatment of the febrile neutropenic patients in our institution. Conclusion Antibiotic surveillance data should be evaluated periodically to select the empirical therapeutic antibiotic for effective treatment of febrile neutropenic patients.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Gardenia jasminoides Callus and Crude Leaf Extracts for some Organic Solvents against some Pathogenic Bacteria and Yeasts

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
Zina Hashem Shehab ◽  
Huda Suhail Abid ◽  
Sumaya Fadhil Hamad ◽  
Sara Haitham
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Saccharomyces Boulardii ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Proteus Vulgaris ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Gardenia Jasminoides

The study was conducted to evaluate the inhibitory activity of methanol extract of Gardenia jasminoides leaves compared with leaf crude extracts for some organic solvents namely Methanol, Ethanol, Petroleum ether, Asetone and Chloroform on growth of some pathogenic bacteria and yeast, which included four gram positive isolates Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pyogenes and Bacillus cereus and gram negative isolates Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Proteus vulgaris and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and some yeasts Candida albicans and Saccharomyces boulardii, by using well diffusion method. The inhibitory activity of extracts in the tested bacterial strains and yeasts was varied according to the type of extracting solvents and are tested microorganisms. The methanol callus extract which grown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media by using (Naphthalen acitic acid) NAA and (Benzyle adenine) BA as growth regulator highly effective as compared to the other extracts as for inhibition of three gram positive bacteria and three gram negative bacteria,which include Staphylococcus aureus and, Proteus vulgaris, followed by acetone and ethanolic extracts which include two gram positive bacteria and two gram negative bacteria. All extracts had highly effect in growth of Candida albicans while all crude extracts didn’t show any sensitivity against Saccharomyces boulardii, and when we’d done (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) HPLC test for detection of some active compound we found Quinic acid, Iridiods glycosides and Crocin which its rate in fresh callus was higher than fresh leaves.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oil of Espeletia nana

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Peña ◽  
Luis Rojas ◽  
Rosa Aparicio ◽  
Libia Alarcón ◽  
José Gregorio Baptista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

The essential oil of the leaves of Espeletia nana Cuatrec, obtained by hydrodistillation, was analyzed by GC-MS, which allowed the identification of 24 components, which made up 99.9% of the oil. The most abundant compounds were α-pinene (38.1%), β-pinene (17.2%), myrcene (15.0%), spathulenol (4.2%), bicyclogermacrene (4.0%), α-zingiberene (4.0%), and γhimachalene (3.7%). Antibacterial activity was tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria using the agar disk diffusion method. Activity was observed only against Gram-positive bacteria. MIC values were determined for Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923(200 μg/mL) and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 (600 μg/mL).

Survival of some non-starter bacteria in naturally ripened and enzyme-accelerated Cheddar cheese

1988 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia Bautista ◽  
Rohan G. Kroll
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Cheddar Cheese ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Ripening Period ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

SummaryEffects of the addition of a proteinase (Neutrase 1–5S) and a peptidase (aminopeptidase DP-102) as agents for accelerating the ripening of Cheddar cheese on the survival of some non-starter bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coliand aSalmonellasp.) were studied throughout a 4-month ripening period. The enzymes were found to have no significant effect on the survival of the Gram-positive bacteria but some significant effects were observed, at some stages of the ripening period, with the Gram-negative bacteria in that lower levels were recovered from cheeses treated with the enzyme system.

scholarly journals Bactericidal effects of non-thermal argon plasma in vitro, in biofilms and in the animal model of infected wounds

2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana A. Ermolaeva ◽  
Alexander F. Varfolomeev ◽  
Marina Yu. Chernukha ◽  
Dmitry S. Yurov ◽  
Mikhail M. Vasiliev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Argon Plasma ◽  
Burkholderia Cenocepacia ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Plasma Treatments

Non-thermal (low-temperature) physical plasma is under intensive study as an alternative approach to control superficial wound and skin infections when the effectiveness of chemical agents is weak due to natural pathogen or biofilm resistance. The purpose of this study was to test the individual susceptibility of pathogenic bacteria to non-thermal argon plasma and to measure the effectiveness of plasma treatments against bacteria in biofilms and on wound surfaces. Overall, Gram-negative bacteria were more susceptible to plasma treatment than Gram-positive bacteria. For the Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia cenocepacia and Escherichia coli, there were no survivors among the initial 105 c.f.u. after a 5 min plasma treatment. The susceptibility of Gram-positive bacteria was species- and strain-specific. Streptococcus pyogenes was the most resistant with 17 % survival of the initial 105 c.f.u. after a 5 min plasma treatment. Staphylococcus aureus had a strain-dependent resistance with 0 and 10 % survival from 105 c.f.u. of the Sa 78 and ATCC 6538 strains, respectively. Staphylococcus epidermidis and Enterococcus faecium had medium resistance. Non-ionized argon gas was not bactericidal. Biofilms partly protected bacteria, with the efficiency of protection dependent on biofilm thickness. Bacteria in deeper biofilm layers survived better after the plasma treatment. A rat model of a superficial slash wound infected with P. aeruginosa and the plasma-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus strain Sa 78 was used to assess the efficiency of argon plasma treatment. A 10 min treatment significantly reduced bacterial loads on the wound surface. A 5-day course of daily plasma treatments eliminated P. aeruginosa from the plasma-treated animals 2 days earlier than from the control ones. A statistically significant increase in the rate of wound closure was observed in plasma-treated animals after the third day of the course. Wound healing in plasma-treated animals slowed down after the course had been completed. Overall, the results show considerable potential for non-thermal argon plasma in eliminating pathogenic bacteria from biofilms and wound surfaces.

scholarly journals Pattern of antibiotic resistance of various strains of bacteria causing acute tonsillitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 994
Author(s):  
N. Jyothsna ◽  
A. Ramya ◽  
K. Abhilash ◽  
Bathsa Liza Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Bacterial Strain ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Acute Tonsillitis ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Drugs ◽  
Significant Difference

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Our study was done to determine the pattern of antibiotic resistance of various strains of bacteria causing acute tonsillitis.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> the study was a randomized cross sectional study. Patients matching the inclusion criteria were included. Duration of study was 6 months.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Out of 120 cases, 46 cases showed no bacterial growth (NBG) and 74 cases showed bacterial growth. 42 cases were gram-negative bacterial strain and 32 cases were positive bacterial strain out of 72 bacterial grown cases. A list of 25 antibiotic drugs in gram-negative and 31 drugs in gram-positive strain, their sensitivity and resistance were taken and noted. Among gram-negative bacteria imipenem (71.4%) showed highest sensitivity. Highest antibiotic resistance was seen in ampicillin (85.71%). Least sensitivity is observed in clindamycin, amoxicillin+clavulanic acid with 2.38%. Among gram-positive bacteria, highest sensitivity was noted in cefotaxime (75%). Highest antibiotic resistance was seen in cotrimoxazole (46.8%). Least sensitivity is observed in netilmicin, sulbactam with 3.12%.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The number of drugs resistant to the gram-positive bacteria are lesser than number of drugs sensitive, which showed significant difference (p&lt;0.05). Significant difference of antibiotic drugs was not found in gram-negative bacteria. Our study findings helped in appropriate and guarded use of the antibiotic drugs in acute tonsillitis, minimizing the exposure of individuals to antibiotic resistance by choosing an appropriate sensitive drug, therefore improving the quality of therapy.</p>

scholarly journals Paper modified with ZnO nanorods – antimicrobial studies

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 684-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayuree Jaisai ◽  
Sunandan Baruah ◽  
Joydeep Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Zno Nanorods ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Tissue Paper ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Lighting Conditions

Paper with antimicrobial properties was developed through in situ growth of ZnO nanorods. The targeted application for this type of paper is in health centers as wallpaper, writing paper, facemasks, tissue paper, etc. The paper was tested on three model microbes, Gram-positive bacteriaStaphylococcus aureus,Gram-negative bacteriaEscherichia coliand common airborne fungusAspergillus niger. No viable bacterial colonies or fungal spores could be detected in the areas surrounding test samples of the antimicrobial paper. Gram-negative bacteriaEscherichia coliwere found to be inhibited in an area that is 239% and 163% the area of the paper sample under different room lighting conditions, i.e., halogen and fluorescent lamp illumination, respectively. For Gram-positive bacteriaStaphylococcus aureusthe zones of inhibition surrounding the paper samples are 102% and 70%, and forAspergillus niger, 224% and 183% of the sample area, under similar lighting conditions.

scholarly journals Categorization of Bacterial Pathogens Present in Infected Wounds and their Antibiotic Resistance Profile Recovered from Patients Attending Rizgary Hospital-Erbil

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
Ahmed A. Al-Naqshbandi ◽  
Hedy A. Hassan ◽  
Mahmoud A. Chawsheen ◽  
Haval H. Abdul Qader
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

Wound infection with antibiotic-resistant bacteria can extend a patients’ debility and increase the expense of treatment in the long term; therefore, careful management of patients with wound infections is necessary to avoid complications. The usage of antimicrobial agent is a major factor in resistance development. This study aims to understand the causes of wound infections, as well as the criteria for diagnosing them for more sensible antibiotic prescribing. Samples from 269 wound patients were collected, and cultured for bacterial growth. Gram stain technique, bacterial identification via VITEK 2 compact system were investigated in this study. Gram negative bacteria accounted for 59.15% of the total isolates, while pathogenic gram positive bacteria accounted for 40.85% of total isolates. Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are the dominant pathogenic gram negative bacteria in wounds, while Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis are the dominant pathogenic gram positive bacteria. Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed 100% resistance to the majority of antibiotic tested, including Ampicillin, Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid, Aztreona, Ceftriaxone, and others. Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are 100% resistant to Ampicillin, Ceftriaxone, and Cefotaxime. For more efficient antibiotic prescriptions, the causative microorganisms, and their current susceptibility patterns need to be mandated for testing before prescribing any antibiotics to patients. Prescriptions are frequently based solely on general information about the antibiotic's function, rather than on individual response variation to the pathogen and the antibiotic. Particularly when the common pathogens in this study show multidrug resistance in wounds.

scholarly journals The Antibacterial Activities of NiO Nanoparticles Against Some Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacterial Strains

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Ghazaleh Ilbeigi ◽  
Ashraf Kariminik ◽  
Mohammad Hasan Moshafi
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Nio Nanoparticles ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative

Introduction: Given the increasing rate of antibiotic resistance among bacterial strains, many researchers have been working to produce new and efficient and inexpensive antibacterial agents. It has been reported that some nanoparticles may be used as novel antimicrobial agents.Here, we evaluated antibacterial properties of nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles. Methods: NiO nanoparticles were synthesized using microwave method. In order to control the quality and morphology of nanoparticles, XRD (X-ray diffraction) and SEM (scanning electronmicroscope) were utilized. The antibacterial properties of the nanoparticles were assessed against eight common bacterial strains using agar well diffusion assay. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were measured. Antibiotic resistance pattern of the bacteria to nine antibiotics was obtained by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Results: The crystalline size and diameter (Dc) of NiO nanoparticles were obtained 40-60 nm. The nanoparticles were found to inhibit the growth of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria with higher activity against gram-positive organisms. Among bacterial strains, maximum sensitivity was observed in Staphylococcus epidermidis with MIC and MBC of 0.39 and 0.78 mg/mL, respectively. The bacteria had high resistance to cefazolin, erythromycin, rifampicin,ampicillin, penicillin and streptomycin.Conclusion: NiO nanoparticles exhibited remarkable antibacterial properties against gram positive and gram-negative bacteria and can be a new treatment for human pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance pattern in intensive care unit of a tertiary care teaching hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 906
Author(s):  
Amit Bhatia ◽  
Juhi Kalra ◽  
Saurabh Kohli ◽  
Barnali Kakati ◽  
Reshma Kaushik
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

Background: Antimicrobials are a major class of drugs prescribed in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Widespread use of empirical antibiotic therapy has facilitated the emergence of drug resistance, since empirical therapy is very often initiated at the outset, even before culture and sensitivity reports are available. The problem of drug resistance is on a rise, therefore, this study was planned to assess the drug resistance and sensitivity patterns of the blood isolates recovered from ICU.Methods: An observational- prospective study was conducted in the Tertiary care teaching hospital over a period of twelve months to assess antibiotic resistance and sensitivity pattern. A total of 104 consecutive patients receiving antibiotics in the ICU and having blood cultures with significant growth were included in the study. Blood sample was collected and after obtaining a culture growth, the identification and antimicrobial sensitivity testing was done.Results: Blood stream infection by Gram-negative bacteria (50.96%) was more common than Gram-positive bacteria (49.04%). Coagulase negative Staphylococci (CoNS) was the predominant single blood culture isolate (35.58%). Klebsiella pneumoniae (13.46%), Escherichia coli (12.50%), Acinetobacter baumannii complex (7.69%) were commonly isolated gram negative organisms. Gram positive isolates were resistant to beta lactams in maximum patients whereas Tigecycline, Linezolid, Daptomycin, Vancomycin, Nitrofurantoin and Teicoplanin were sensitive against them. Common gram negative isolates were sensitive to Colistin and Tigecycline but resistant to most of the antibiotics.Conclusions: A preponderance of gram negative bacteria over gram positive bacteria was noted with a higher degree of resistance to most of the first line antimicrobial agents. 

scholarly journals Analysis of antibiotics administration in diabetic ulcer patients at Panembahan Senopati regional hospital Bantul

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 3782
Author(s):  
Adnal K. P. Husein Putra ◽  
Sri Sundari
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Foot Ulcer ◽  
Diabetic Foot Ulcer ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Diabetic Ulcer ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

Background: This study provides an overview of diabetic ulcer infection, antibiotic susceptibility patterns, the most common types of antibiotics, factors influence in antibiotics administrations, and verifying the guideline used of antibiotics.Methods: The research used descriptive analysis combined with interviews. The study was starting from February-March 2021. Eighty-six diabetic ulcer patients were selected considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. We interviewed seven doctors.Results: 71 bacterias were found with a gram-negative bacteria count of 80.3%- higher than gram-positive bacteria (19.7%). The most common gram-negative bacteria found are Escherichia coli (12.7%) and show the most heightened sensitivity with imipenem (80.7%), while cefuroxime and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole show the highest resistance (64.9%). The most common gram-positive bacteria found are Staphylococcus aureus (14.1%), and vancomycin shows the most heightened sensitivity (100%), while penicillin shows the highest resistance (71.4%). The most common single antibiotic administration was ceftriaxone, as well as a combination of two antibiotics, namely ceftriaxone and metronidazole.Conclusions: Escherichia coli was the most gram-negative bacteria, which has the highest sensitivity with imipenem, while Staphylococcus aureus was the most gram-positive bacteria, which has the most heightened sensitivity with vancomycin. The most common single antibiotic administration was ceftriaxone, as well as a combination of two antibiotics, ceftriaxone and metronidazole. Factors that influence antibiotics administration are patient condition, susceptibility testing, training, and advice from colleagues. Every doctor uses different guidelines for diabetic foot ulcer.

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