scholarly journals Prevalence and Genotyping of Trichomonas vaginalis Infected to dsRNA Virus by PCR–Restriction Fragment Length Poly-morphism (RFLP)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fariba ORUJZADEH ◽  
Fatemeh TABATABAIE ◽  
Khadijeh KHANALIHA ◽  
Lame AKHLAGHI ◽  
Farah BOKHARAEI-SALIM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Actin Gene ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Genotype I ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length Poly ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Dsrna Viruses ◽  
Genotype E

Background: Trichomonas vaginalis is a prevalent sexually transmitted infection cause trichomoniasis. In this study prevalence and genotype of Iranian isolates of T. vaginalis infected (dsRNA) viruses were evaluated by PCR-RFLP and obtained patterns were then confirmed by sequence analysis and genotype of these Iranian isolates confirmed again. Methods: Ten strains of T.vaginalis were collected from 1700 vaginal samples of women referred to hospitals associated with Iran University of Medical Sciences in Tehran, Iran during Feb 2016 to Jul 2017, evaluated in points of infection to T. vaginalis Virus (TVV-1) were used in a PCR-RFLP. All of ten isolates of T. vaginalis were examined by designed nested PCR for actin gene and then digestion patterns of three endonuclease enzymes of HindII, MseI and RsaI were evaluated and genotype of these isolates was defined. Results: By combination of fragments pattern of three enzymes of HindII, RsaI and MseI, three genotypes were found; six genotypes E, two genotypes G and two genotypes I. The most dominant genotypes were genotype E. Among four TVV infected isolates two genotype E, one genotype G and one genotype I were found, however among six uninfected T. vaginalis isolates to TVV-1, all of three genotypes were also found. Conclusion: Three genotypes E, G and I in T. vaginalis infected with dsRNA isolates were found, however, these three genotypes in T. vaginalis without virus were also observed. Further study is needed to evaluate genotypes of T. vaginalis, which infected virus in more great T. vaginalis population

Trichomonas vaginalisandMycoplasma hominis: new tales of two old friends

Parasitology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 146 (9) ◽  
pp. 1150-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Dessì ◽  
Valentina Margarita ◽  
Anna Rita Cocco ◽  
Alessandra Marongiu ◽  
Pier Luigi Fiori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Proinflammatory Response ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Dsrna Viruses ◽  
Microbial Symbionts ◽  
Anaerobic Protist ◽  
Protozoan Cell ◽  
Old Friends

AbstractTrichomonas vaginalisis an anaerobic protist, responsible for the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted infection in humans. One of the most intriguing aspects ofT. vaginalispathobiology is the complex relationship with intracellular microbial symbionts: a group of dsRNA viruses belonging to family ofTotiviridae(T. vaginalisvirus), and eubacteria belonging to theMycoplasmagenus, in particularMycoplasma hominis. Both microorganisms seem to strongly influence the lifestyle ofT. vaginalis, suggesting a role of the symbiosis in the high variability of clinical presentation and sequelae during trichomoniasis. In the last few years many aspects of this unique symbiotic relationship have been investigated:M. hominisresides and replicates in the protozoan cell, andT. vaginalisis able to pass the bacterial infection to both mycoplasma-free protozoan isolates and human epithelial cells;M. hominissynergistically upregulates the proinflammatory response of human monocytes toT. vaginalis. Furthermore, the influence ofM. hominisoverT. vaginalismetabolism and physiology has been characterized. The identification of a novel species belonging to the class ofMollicutes(CandidatusMycoplasma girerdii) exclusively associated toT. vaginalisopens new perspectives in the research of the complex series of events taking place in the multifaceted world of the vaginal microbiota, both under normal and pathological conditions.

Prevalence of Trichomonas Vaginalis and its Correlation with Socio-demographic Variables in Pregnant Women in Al-Diwaniya,Iraq

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiren Ali Al Hamzawi
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Vaginal Swabs ◽  
Low Education

Estimates of Trichomonas vaginalis prevalence in pregnant women are variable with few studies in Iraq.T. vaginalis is a worldwide prevalent sexually transmitted infection,but fortunately,it is very treatable. Researchers believed that pregnancy is one of the effective factors for T. vaginalis infection in women.A cross-sectional study performed in Obstetrics and Gynecology Department at Maternity and Children Teaching Hospital in Al-Diwaniya city on two hundred female pregnant patients between the ages of 16-45 years. These females had no intercourse for 2–3 days,not using drugs (antibiotics,antiprotozoal or steroids) for the last 15 days. Vaginal discharges of any type with or without itching,burning sensation or both were their main complaints. Vaginal swabs were taken from all participating patients for direct wet mount microscopy and culture for the detection of Trichomonas vaginalis infection. The study showed that twelve out of two hundred examined pregnant women (6%) presented with T. vaginalis infection. The infection was more in those with mothers’ age (26-35) years,housewives,low education,higher parity,and of rural residents. Other maternal variables were not significantly associated with T. vaginalis infection. The study showed a prevalence of (6%) of T. vaginalis infection in pregnant female attendees. Infection was more in those with mothers ’age (26-35) years,housewives,low educational level,higher parity,and living in rural areas.

scholarly journals Improved molecular laboratory productivity by consolidation of testing on the new random-access analyzer Alinity m

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Obermeier ◽  
Monia Pacenti ◽  
Robert Ehret ◽  
Francesco Onelia ◽  
Rory Gunson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
International Multicenter Study ◽  
Laboratory Productivity ◽  
Laboratory Workflow

AbstractObjectivesAutomated molecular analyzers have accelerated diagnosis, allowing earlier intervention and better patient follow-up. A recently developed completely automated molecular analyzer, Alinity™ m (Abbott), offers consolidated, continuous, and random-access testing that may improve molecular laboratory workflow.MethodsAn international, multicenter study compared laboratory workflow metrics across various routine analyzers and Alinity m utilizing assays for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), high-risk human papillomavirus (HR HPV), and sexually transmitted infection (STI) (Chlamydia trachomatis [CT]/Neisseria gonorrhoeae [NG]/Trichomonas vaginalis [TV]/Mycoplasma genitalium [MG]). Three turnaround times (TATs) were assessed: total TAT (sample arrival to result), sample onboard TAT (sample loading and test starting to result), and processing TAT (sample aspiration to result).ResultsTotal TAT was reduced from days with routine analyzers to hours with Alinity m, independent of requested assays. Sample onboard TATs for standard workflow using routine analyzers ranged from 7 to 32.5 h compared to 2.75–6 h for Alinity m. The mean sample onboard TAT for STAT samples on Alinity m was 2.36 h (±0.19 h). Processing TATs for Alinity m were independent of the combination of assays, with 100% of results reported within 117 min.ConclusionsThe consolidated, continuous, random-access workflow of Alinity m reduces TATs across various assays and is expected to improve both laboratory operational efficiency and patient care.

A Review on Diagnostic Methods for Trichomonas Vaginalis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Rahmani ◽  
Yahya Ehteshaminia ◽  
Hamid Mohammadi ◽  
Seif Ali Mahdavi
Keyword(s):  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals

Introduction: Trichomoniasis is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted infection in the world, caused by the protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis, which infects the urogenital tract of men and women. Approximately, 250 million new cases of Trichomonas vaginalis Infection are reported worldwide each year. Trichomoniasis is also considered an important HIV co-infection. The infection is often asymptomatic but can be accompanied by symptoms such as severe inflammation, itching and irritation, foamy discharge, and malodorous smell mucus, but the signs and symptoms of the disease are not sufficient for specific diagnosis. Material and Methods: In this study, the websites of PubMed, Google Scholar, SID, and Margiran were searched and related articles were reviewed. Results: Only screening and the use of highly sensitive and specific diagnostic methods can identify asymptomatic individuals. Today, the most common way to diagnose the infection is to use wet slide, Pap smear and culture methods that do not have high sensitivity and specificity. Also, due to the increase in infection and its complications, finding an efficient, rapid, and easy test to detect the parasite and differentiate Trichomoniasis vaginitis from other sexually transmitted diseases is considered important and necessary. Conclusion: Nowadays, there are several diagnostic methods that differentiate trichomoniasis infection from other sexually transmitted infections with high accuracy and sensitivity. Of course, existing diagnostic methods mostly use women's urine and vaginal samples for diagnosis, and methods that specifically diagnose the infection in men are more limited.

scholarly journals Comparison of Trichomoniasis Diagnosis by Microscopic Methods and Indirect ELISA Technique in a Sample of Iraqi Women

2020 ◽  
pp. 742-748
Author(s):  
Nada H. Bedair ◽  
Hayder Z. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Indirect Elisa ◽  
Elisa Method ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Wet Mount ◽  
Urine Examination ◽  
Iraqi Women ◽  
Elisa Technique

Trichomonas vaginalis is an eukaryotic parasite that causes the most common non-viral sexually transmitted infection, trichomoniasis. This disease is responsible for many serious health problems such as preterm birth. More than half of the infected women do not develop symptoms, which makes it difficult to diagnose thedisease. In this study, a specific indirect ELISA method was developed to detect anti-Trichomonas vaginalis IgM and IgG immunoglobulins in the sera of infected females. The aim of this study was to investigate the sensitivity of a simple ELISA procedure in comparison to the classical urine examination and vaginal wet mount preparation for the diagnosis of T. vaginalis. The sensitivity of the indirect ELISA was compared with the classical vaginal discharge swab and urine microscopic examination, and the results showed sensitivities of 65.5% and 57.2%, respectively. Furthermore, the infection was measurable as acute or chronic with the refined test.

scholarly journals Partner notification and treatment outcomes among South African adolescents and young adults diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection via laboratory-based screening

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 627-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooja Chitneni ◽  
Mags Beksinska ◽  
Janan J Dietrich ◽  
Manjeetha Jaggernath ◽  
Kalysha Closson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infection ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Partner Notification ◽  
Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Care Cascade ◽  
Essential Components

Partner notification and treatment are essential components of sexually transmitted infection (STI) management, but little is known about such practices among adolescents and young adults. Using data from a prospective cohort study (AYAZAZI) of youth aged 16–24 years in Durban, South Africa, we assessed the STI care cascade across participant diagnosis, STI treatment, partner notification, and partner treatment; index recurrent STI and associated factors; and reasons for not notifying partner of STI. Participants completed laboratory-based STI screening ( Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma genitalium, Trichomonas vaginalis) at enrollment and at 12 months. Of the 37/216 participants with STI (17%), 27/37 (73%) were women and 10/37 (27%) were men. Median age was 19 years (IQR: 18–20). Of the participants with STI, 23/37 (62%) completed a Treatment and Partner Tracing Survey within 6 months of diagnosis. All survey participants reported completing STI treatment (100%), 17/23 (74%) notified a partner, and 6/23 (35%) reported partner treatment. Overall, 4/23 (11%) participants had 12-month recurrent C. trachomatis infection, with no association with partner notification or treatment. Stigma and lack of STI knowledge were reasons for not notifying partner of STI. STI partner notification and treatment is a challenge among youth. Novel strategies are needed to overcome barriers along the STI care cascade.

scholarly journals Immunogenic and Plasminogen-Binding Surface-Associated α-Enolase of Trichomonas vaginalis

2007 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 523-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Mundodi ◽  
A. S. Kucknoor ◽  
J. F. Alderete
Keyword(s):  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Specific Inhibitor ◽  
Aminocaproic Acid ◽  
Glycolytic Enzyme ◽  
Cdna Expression Library ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Expression Library ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Vaginal Epithelial Cells

ABSTRACT Trichomonas vaginalis is a protist that causes the most common human sexually transmitted infection. A T. vaginalis cDNA expression library was screened with pooled sera from patients with trichomoniasis. A highly reactive cDNA clone of 1,428 bp encoded a trichomonad protein of 472 amino acids with sequence identity to α-enolase (tv-eno1). The sequence alignment confirmed the highly conserved nature of the enzyme with 65% to 84% identity among organisms. The expression of tv-eno1 was up-regulated by contact of parasites with vaginal epithelial cells, and this is the first report demonstrating up-regulation by cytoadherence of a plasminogen-binding α-enolase in T. vaginalis. Immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibody of nonpermeabilized trichomonads showed tv-ENO1 on the surface. The recombinant tv-ENO1 was expressed in Escherichia coli as a glutathione S-transferase (GST)::tv-ENO1 fusion protein, which was cleaved using thrombin to obtain affinity-purified recombinant tv-ENO1 protein (tv-rENO1) detectable in immunoblots by sera of patients. Immobilized tv-rENO1 bound human plasminogen in a dose-dependent manner, and plasminogen binding by tv-rENO1 was confirmed in a ligand blot assay. The plasminogen-specific inhibitor ε-aminocaproic acid blocked the tv-rENO1-plasminogen association, indicating that lysines play a role in binding to tv-rENO1. Further, both parasites and tv-rENO1 activate plasminogen to plasmin that is mediated by tissue plasminogen activator. These data indicate that as with other bacterial pathogens, tv-ENO1 is an anchorless, surface-associated glycolytic enzyme of T. vaginalis.

scholarly journals Expansion of Comprehensive Screening of Male Sexually Transmitted Infection Clinic Attendees with Mycoplasma genitalium and Trichomonas vaginalis Molecular Assessment: a Retrospective Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 321-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Munson ◽  
David Wenten ◽  
Sheila Jhansale ◽  
Mary Kay Schuknecht ◽  
Nicki Pantuso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infection ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Additional Specimen ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Infection Clinic

ABSTRACTOf 1,493 encounters of males at a sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinic in a community with a high prevalence of STI,Chlamydia trachomatiswas detected in 8.7% andNeisseria gonorrhoeaewas detected in 6.6%. AdditionalTrichomonas vaginalisandMycoplasma genitaliumscreening found 17.4% and 23.9% of the encounters, respectively, to be positive for STI. STI agents were detected in 13.7% of urine specimens; addition of pharyngeal and rectal collections to the analysis resulted in detection of STI agents in 19.0% and 23.9% of encounters, respectively. A total of 101 (23.8%) encounters of identified STI involved sole detection ofM. genitalium. Expansion of the STI analyte panel (includingM. genitalium) and additional specimen source sampling within a comprehensive STI screening program increase identification of male STI carriers.

scholarly journals Trichomonas vaginalis detection in urogenital specimens from symptomatic and asymptomatic men and women using the cobas TV/MG test

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Van Der Pol ◽  
Arundhati Rao ◽  
Melinda B. Nye ◽  
Steven Chavoustie ◽  
Aaron Ermel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Multicenter Prospective Study ◽  
Asymptomatic Men ◽  
Patient Infection

Trichomonas vaginalis is a prevalent sexually transmitted infection (STI). Diagnosis has historically relied on either microscopic analysis or culture, the latter being the previous gold standard. However, these tests are not readily available for male diagnosis, generally only perform well for symptomatic women, and are not as sensitive as nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs). Men are largely asymptomatic but carry the organism and transmit to their sexual partners. This multicenter, prospective study evaluated the performance of the cobas® T. vaginalis /Myocoplasma genitalium (TV/MG) assay for detection of T. vaginalis DNA compared with patient infection status (PIS) defined by a combination of commercially available NAATs and culture using urogenital specimens. A total of 2,064 subjects (984 men and 1,080 women, 940 [45.5%] symptomatic, 1124 [54.5%] asymptomatic) were evaluable. In women, sensitivity ranged from 99.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 96.8–99.9%) using vaginal samples to 94.7 (95% CI 90.2–97.2%) in PreservCyt samples. Specificity ranged from 98.9–96.8% (95% CI 95.4–97.8%). In men, the cobas TV/MG assay was 100% sensitive for the detection of T. vaginalis in both male urine samples and meatal swabs, with specificity of 98.4% in urine samples and 92.5% in meatal swabs. The cobas TV/MG is a suitable diagnostic test for the detection of T.vaginalis, which could support public health efforts towards infection control and complement existing STI programs.

scholarly journals Protein cysteine S-nitrosylation provides reducing power by enhancing lactate dehydrogenase activity in Trichomonas vaginalis under iron deficiency

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Hung Cheng ◽  
Kuo-Yang Huang ◽  
Seow-Chin Ong ◽  
Fu-Man Ku ◽  
Po-Jung Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Nitrate Treatment ◽  
Iron Deficient

Abstract Background: Iron plays essential roles in the pathogenesis and proliferation of Trichomonas vaginalis, the causative agent of the most prevalent nonviral human sexually transmitted infection. We previously demonstrated that under iron deficiency, the endogenous nitric oxide (NO) is accumulated and capable of regulating the survival of T. vaginalis. Herein, we aim to explore the influence of NO on the activity of the pyruvate-reducing enzyme lactate dehydrogenase in T. vaginalis (TvLDH).Methods : Levels of lactate and pyruvate were detected for determining glycolysis activity in T. vaginalis under iron deficiency. Quantitative PCR was performed to determine the expression of TvLDH. S-nitrosylated (SNO) proteomics was conducted to identify the NO-modified proteins. The activities of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (TvGAPDH) and TvLDH were measured after sodium nitrate treatment. The effects of protein nitrosylation on the production of cellular reducing power were examined by measuring the amount of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and the ratio of the NAD redox pair (NAD+/NADH).Results: We found that although the glycolytic pathway was activated in cells under iron depletion, the level of pyruvate was decreased due to the increased level of TvLDH. By analyzing the SNO proteome of T. vaginalis upon iron deficiency, we found that TvLDH is one of the glycolytic enzymes modified by SNO. The production of pyruvate was significantly reduced after nitrate treatment, indicating that protein nitrosylation accelerated the consumption of pyruvate by increasing TvLDH activity. Nitrate treatment also induced NAD oxidation, suggesting that protein nitrosylation was the key posttranslational modification controlling cellular redox status. Conclusion: We demonstrated that NO-mediated protein nitrosylation plays pivotal roles in the regulation of glycolysis, pyruvate metabolism, and the activity of TvLDH. The recycling of oxidized NAD catalyzed by TvLDH provided the reducing power that allowed T. vaginalis to adapt to the iron-deficient environment.

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