scholarly journals Ectoparasites and Endoparasites of New Zealand White Rabbits from North West of Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasser HAJIPOUR ◽  
Mohammad ZAVARSHANI
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Sporulated Oocyst ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Skin Scraping ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
North West ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Potential Risks

Background: Rabbits contain several parasites that can be harmful to their health as well as human being’s health due to the probability of causing parasitic zoonosis. The present research was designed to study ectoparasites and endoparasites of New Zealand White rabbits in North West of Iran and potential risks of parasitic zoonosis for researchers and owners. Methods: Totally, 50 rabbits were purchased from rabbit sellers and breeders in suburbs of Urmia and Tabriz between Jul and Dec 2016. The rabbits were assessed for ectoparasites by hair brushing, skin scraping, acetate tape preparation and othic swabs. They were euthanized and inspected for helminths and protozoa infection. Faecal sampling was carried out directly from recti and the oocysts or cysts were isolated using sedimentation and floatation techniques and the sporulated oocyst were identified based on morphological. Results: The following parasites, with their respective prevalence; Nematoda: Passalurus ambigus 54%, Trichostrongylus retortaeformis 42%, Nematodirus leporis 32%, Cestoda: Cysticercus pisiformis 26%, Protozoa: Eimeria steidae 44%, E. magna 30%, E. media 12% and Arthropoda: Sarcoptes scabiei 18% and Cheyletiella parasitivorax 38%. No significant difference was recorded in infection rate between male and female rabbits. Conclusion: Both domestic and wild rabbits are a potential source of human parasitic zoonosis, and strict hygienic practices are recommended during and after handling rabbits or in case of exposure to their feces.

scholarly journals “… the thought that I could flip and die today made me feel anxious”: A study of the experienced emotions of novice white-water kayakers

2022 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-75
Author(s):  
Sabina Krogh Schmidt ◽  
Matt Barker ◽  
Jennifer Byrne
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Stressful Environment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
White Water ◽  
The Moment

Learning to white-water kayak often takes place in a stressful environment. This challenges participants’ experiences of the activity, causes emotional responses, and can affect their learning. The purpose of this study is to explore participants’ experienced emotions during an educational white-water kayaking programme. Fifty-eight outdoor students from New Zealand participated. The participants responded to a bespoke questionnaire exploring fleeting somatic arousal and emotion on five different occasions during a kayaking day. Participants’ emotions changed during the activity. Excitement was significantly higher than anxiety across the day. Anxiety was highest before starting the activity. No significant difference was found between the male and female participants’ emotions. A thematic analysis resulted in five themes describing the participants’ emotional experiences. Findings are discussed and related to theory and previous research. These findings present new insights regarding in-the-moment emotional perspectives during a white-water kayaking course for novices.

Effects of dehydration on the heat tolerance of male and female New Zealand White rabbits

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-440
Author(s):  
C. J. Thwaites ◽  
N. B. Baillie ◽  
W. Kasa
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Skin Temperatures

SUMMARYMale and female New Zealand White rabbits were exposed for 3h to 34 °C and 36 °C (both at 40% r.h.) when hydrated and dehydrated. Females had lower rectal and skin temperatures and respiratory rates than males (P < 0·001). Differences between the sexes in rectal temperature were greater at 36 °C than at 34 °C. Withholding water for 24h significantly increased the responses in rectal temperature; the differentials between hydrated and dehydrated males and females being 0·3 °C and 0·2 °C, respectively. In contrast, respiratory rates were lower in dehydrated than in hydrated rabbits, suggesting that the former were attempting water homeostatis at the expense of thermoregulation.The results suggest that the performance of rabbits in the tropics is likely to be maximized when drinking water is available at all times, and that of males, particularly breeding bucks, might be improved simply by housing them in the coolest available location. Significant individual differences in observed responses point to the need for genetic studies of heat tolerance and the possibility of developing better adapted genotypes.

scholarly journals Reversible Fibroadenomatous Mammary Hyperplasia in Male and Female New Zealand White Rabbits Associated with Cyclosporine A Administration

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1144-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Krimer ◽  
S. B. Harvey ◽  
U. Blas-Machado ◽  
J. D. Lauderdale ◽  
P. A. Moore
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Cyclosporine A ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Mammary Hyperplasia

scholarly journals Steroid metabolism in the rabbit. Biliary and urinary excretion of metabolites of [4-14C]cortisone

1970 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Steroid Metabolism ◽  
Equal Proportion ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Excretion

1. [4-14C]Cortisone was administered to anaesthetized male and female New Zealand White rabbits as a single injection or as a 45–60min infusion. 2. The method of administration of the steroid did not significantly affect the total excretion of radioactivity in bile and urine [83.8±10.8%(s.d.)]. 3. The mean ratio of metabolites in urine to those in bile was 0.97±0.23% (range 0.64–1.3). 4. When bile and urine samples were hydrolysed successively by β-glucuronidase, cold acid and hot acid, neutral metabolites extracted by ethyl acetate–ether were found mainly after hydrolysis by β-glucuronidase. 5. An approximately equal proportion of the dose was converted into substances not extractable from alkaline aqueous solution after hydrolysis.

scholarly journals Steroid metabolism in the rabbit. Biliary and urinary excretion of metabolites of [4-14C]progesterone

1965 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Taylor ◽  
T Scratcherd
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Alkaline Solution ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Steroid Metabolism ◽  
Apparent Difference ◽  
Total Recovery ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits

1. [4-(14)C]Progesterone was administered intravenously to anaesthetized male and female New Zealand White rabbits as a single injection or as a 45-60min. infusion. 2. After a single dose about 60% of the radioactivity was recovered in 6hr., and twice as much radioactivity was present in bile as in urine. After infusion total recovery of radioactivity was only about 40% in 6hr., but the relative proportions of metabolites in bile and urine were about the same as after a single dose. 3. Bile and urine samples were hydrolysed successively by beta-glucuronidase, cold acid and hot acid. 4. In bile the major proportion of metabolites appeared in the glucuronide fraction; in urine beta-glucuronidase hydrolysis yielded the greatest amounts of ether-extractable radioactivity, but the greatest proportion of radioactivity could not be extracted by ether from an alkaline solution of the hydrolysed urine. 5. There was no apparent difference in the quantity or distribution of metabolites excreted by male and female animals.

scholarly journals Less invasive blood sampling in the animal laboratory: clinical chemistry and haematology of blood obtained by the Triatominae bug Dipetalogaster maximus

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
S N Markvardsen ◽  
M Kjelgaard-Hansen ◽  
C Ritz ◽  
D B Sørensen
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Conventional Method ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits

Dipetalogaster maximus (Dipmax), a blood-sucking bug belonging to the family Reduviidae, has been used to obtain blood samples, for example for clinical chemistry and haematology, in a variety of zoo animals and wildlife. Using this bug allows stress-free blood sampling as the bug is able to draw blood without the mammal noticing the bug. In laboratory animal science, the need for blood samples from unstressed animals may arise, especially in animal behaviour research. The use of Dipmax bugs may prove a valuable tool for this purpose. To validate the method, we compared an array of standard blood parameters sampled from New Zealand White rabbits, sampled either by the use of bugs or by the conventional method; puncture of vena auricularis caudalis. The overall hypothesis was that there was no significant difference in clinical chemistry and haematological parameters between the bug method and the conventional method . A total of 17 clinical parameters as well as 12 haematological parameters were measured and compared in New Zealand White rabbits. The results showed that for 13 of these 29 analysed parameters, the bug method and the conventional method did not give significantly different results, and the obtained results were thus directly comparable. For the remaining parameters the obtained results were significantly different. However, all parameters were measurable in the bug samples. The influences of the bug metabolism on these parameters are discussed.

scholarly journals Regular transient limb ischemia protects endothelial function against hypercholesterolemic damage in rabbits

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 003685042110368
Author(s):  
Hongli Wang ◽  
Zhinan Zheng ◽  
Nanrong Zhang ◽  
Yan Zhou ◽  
Sanqing Jin
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Abdominal Aorta ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Limb Ischemia ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits

Regular transient limb ischemia (RTLI) can prevent atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. As endothelial dysfunction is the initial factor leading to atherosclerosis, we investigated the effect of RTLI on endothelial function in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. We randomly allocated 15 New Zealand white rabbits to three groups, five animals per group: the hypercholesterolemic group (Group H), the sham RTLI group (Group S), and the RTLI group (Group L). All rabbits received hypercholesterolemic fodder daily. No intervention was performed on the rabbits in Group H. Rabbits in Group S were kept in hutches, with a deflated cuff applied to their left hind limb for 60 min every day. For rabbits in Group L, RTLI (six cycles of 5-min ischemia and 5-min reperfusion of the left hind limb) was applied once daily for 12 weeks. At the end of week 12, a segment of the abdominal aorta was isolated from each rabbit for in vitro measurement of the endothelium-dependent vasodilation (EDV) response to different concentrations of acetylcholine and the endothelium-independent vasodilation (EIV) response to sodium nitroprusside. The EDV response was significantly higher in Group L than in Groups S and H ( p < 0.05), with no significant difference between Groups S and H ( p > 0.05). There was no difference in the EIV response among the three groups. RTLI could improve the EDV response, protecting endothelial function against hypercholesterolemic damage.

scholarly journals Seasonal and sexual influences on rabbit atropinesterase

1980 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Liebenberg ◽  
J. M. Linn
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits

Atropinesterase was found in 61·17% of 6686 New Zealand White rabbits of both sexes studied over 2·5 years. Significantly more males possessed the enzyme, there was a significant difference in atropinesterase frequencies in males versus females in the winter and summer seasons, and a significant decrease in the frequency of atropinesterase-positive females during the winter.

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