scholarly journals The Safety of Schools Based on Heavy Metal Concentrations in Classrooms’ Dust: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mozhgan MOGHTADERI ◽  
Saeed HOSSEINI TESHNIZI ◽  
Tahereh MOGHTADER ◽  
Mohammad Ali ASHRAF ◽  
Habibollah FARAJI
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Cobalt Chromium ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Contaminate Drinking Water ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

Background: Classroom is where children spend much of their time in; this study aimed to identify the concentration of heavy metals in the classroom dust based on the results of various studies in the world using the published data up to years 2018. Methods: Fifteen studies were selected for the study according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The mean concentration of 11 heavy metals including arsenic, barium, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel, and zinc was extracted. Results: The highest mean concentration of heavy metal (mg/kg) in classroom dust was related to iron (3904.7, 95%CI: 3657.1-8154.3), zinc (429.9, 95%CI: 182.8-677.1) and barium (419.2, 95%CI: 274.7-253.7), respectively. Subgroup analysis showed the maximum concentration (mg/kg) of iron in Iran (16945.5), zinc in Hong Kong (2293.5), barium in China (979.8), manganese in Iran (288.9), lead in Iran (258.8), chromium in Ghana (381.3), copper in Hong Kong (274.4), nickel in Iran (50.1), cobalt in China(43.4), arsenic in China(13.7) and cadmium in Hong Kong(8.7). Conclusion: Even safe and healthy classrooms can threaten children’s health by heavy metals. These metals are important since they are naturally found throughout the earth’s crust, accumulate in the food chain and contaminate drinking water as well as alloys in school equipment.

scholarly journals Use of Two Aquatic Snail Species as Bioindicators of Heavy Metals in Tigris River-Baghdad

2020 ◽  
pp. 1589-1592
Author(s):  
Harith Saeed Al-Warid ◽  
Hayder Z Ali ◽  
Ghassan Nissan ◽  
Abbas Haider ◽  
Ahmed Yosef
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Snail Species ◽  
Tigris River ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Bellamya Bengalensis

     Thirty individuals of Bellamya bengalensis and Physella acuta were collected and identified from the Tigris River in Baghdad during the period between October to November 2017. The efficiency of bioaccumulation of the two species as bioindicators for aquatic heavy metal pollution with Cd, Ni, Pb and Cu was investigated. Both snail species had the ability to accumulate heavy metals. The mean of Ni concentration in soft tissues of both snails was 1.53 ppm while the mean concentration of other heavy metals was significantly lower; they reached 0.51 ppm, 0.36 ppm and 0.29 ppm, respectively. While no significant differences between B. bengalensis and  P.acuta were noticed in the ability to accumulate the heavy metals. It is concluded that both snails shared the features of good bioindicators due to their sensitivity to pollution.:

scholarly journals Geochemical assessment of heavy metal pollution of river basin in Nigeria using stream sediment

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 198
Author(s):  
Oluwafunso Oladipo Awosusi ◽  
Adeshina Luqman Adisa
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Enrichment Factor ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Stream Sediment ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

Heavy metal pollution has been a source of health problems in humans. These metals are persistent, toxic, non-degradable and often take a long time to be eliminated from the body. This study is, therefore, designed to assess heavy metal pollution of River Basin in Nigeria. Seventy stream sediment samples were systematically collected from an area, approximately 400km2, latitude 7O 00’ and 7O 15’N and longitude 5O 11’ and 5O 19’E. The pollution status of the sediments by heavy metals were assessed by Enrichment Factor (EF), Pollution Load Index (PLI) and Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo). The concentrations of the heavy metals were also compared with United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Sediment quality guidelines (SQG). The samples were dried in the laboratory, disaggregated, sieved to minus 80 (<177 microns) mesh size using nylon sieve. The sieved samples were, then, digested and the concentrations of As, Co, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn were determined by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (WD-XRFS). Results revealed that the mean concentrations of the heavy metals are in the order V>Zn>Pb>As>Ni>Co>Fe>Mn. Furthermore, the mean concentration of lead exceeded both the average world shale and the USEPA SQG values. However, the mean concentration of cobalt, nickel, manganese and zinc were lower than the average world shale values for these elements. The Enrichment Factor (EF) revealed that cobalt was moderately enriched while arsenic and lead were significantly enriched in the sediments. On the basis of the geoaccumulation index, the stream sediments were largely uncontaminated except at some sites that were moderately to strongly contaminated by As and Pb.  

scholarly journals Spectroscopic analysis of heavy metal in frozen shrimp from different seafood processing plants of Chittagong, Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Shaokat Ali ◽  
Suvanker Saha ◽  
Shamima Ahmed ◽  
Md Forhad Uddin ◽  
Nilufa Yeasmin
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Frozen Shrimp ◽  
Seafood Processing ◽  
Mean Concentration

This study is carried out to determine the level of three common heavy metals i.e. mercury (Hg), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) from different branded frozen shrimp samples from different processing plants in Chittagong Metropolitan Area, Bangladesh. The level of heavy metals is investigated by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) in twenty different frozen shrimp samples from four different processing plants. The range of mean level of concentration (mg/kg) of mercury (Hg), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) are 0.011-0.042 mg/kg, 0.065-0.087 mg/kg and 0.024-0.081 mg/kg respectively. Lead (Pb) has the highest mean concentration of 0.087 mg/kg while mercury has the lowest mean of 0.011 mg/kg. The mean concentration of mercury (Hg), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in shrimps was observed within the range of BSTI (Bangladesh Standards and Testing Institution) standards for aquatic foods.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2016, 2(4): 513-517

Moss Biomonitoring in Former Sovet Union Countries

2020 ◽  
pp. 511-529
Author(s):  
Inga Zinicovscaia ◽  
Nikita Yushin ◽  
Konstantin Vegel ◽  
Dmitrii Grozdov
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Moss Biomonitoring ◽  
Soviet Space ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

Air pollution is a worldwide environmental and health issue. Among environmental pollutants, heavy metals are the most dangerous due to their persistence and bioaccumulation in food chain. Assessment of heavy metal deposition using moss biomonitors is a cheap and effective technique, which was successfully applied in different European counties. The present work revises application of passive biomonitoring in former Soviet Union countries: Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Moldova, Russia, and Ukraine. The air pollution sources in each country were identified. The mean concentration of elements considered as environmental pollutants were compared in order to detect the most polluted countries on the post-Soviet space.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SOME MINERAL PROFILE OF HONEY MARKETED AND CONSUMED IN SOME OF THE STATES IN NORTHERN PART OF COUNTRY (NIGERIA)

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
R. Odoh
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Metal Poisoning ◽  
Mineral Profile ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

Honey and honey trade is an important economic activity for many tropical rural and urban areas worldwide. In West Africa and other part of the world, honey and honey products holds high socio–cultural, religious, medicinal and traditional values. Therefore, to maximize benefits or to enhance profit, a variety of components are added to the raw, fresh and unprocessed honey, introducing the possibility of heavy metals contaminants. Therefore the honey sold in various places, markets and shops  in some states in Northern Nigeria (Benue, Nassarawa and Taraba) including Abuja FCT, in Nigeria was analyzed to determine the level of heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn).All the honey samples contain heavy metals. The results ranged from 0.028–0.070, 0.023–0.058, 0.042–0.092, 4.231–8.589, 8.115–14.892, 0.078–0.922, 0.044–0.092, 0.041–0.087 and 18.234–28.654 μg/L for Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn respectively. The mean concentration (μg/L) of the heavy metals Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn of the regularly marketed honey is significantly higher than the mean concentration observed in raw, fresh and unprocessed honey. However, continued consumption of honey with high heavy metal content might lead to exposure to chronic heavy metal poisoning.

scholarly journals Heavy Metals Levels in Plastics Housing of Televisions: Is there a changing trend across three decades (1980-2000)?

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Chioma Grace Okenwa-Ani ◽  
◽  
Nnamdi Lawrence Obasi ◽  
Alfred Ezinna Ochonogor ◽  
Janefrances Ngozi Ihedioha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Acid Digestion ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
Threshold Limit ◽  
Changing Trend ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

Background: This study investigated the concentration of some heavy metals in plastic housing of televisions produced over three decade (1980-2000) with the aim of providing information and comparing the trend in the concentration of these metals. Methods: The heavy metal concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy after acid digestion using a 1:1 mixture of sulphuric and nitric acid. Results: The mean concentration of the heavy metals (mg/kg) in the television sets for 1980s, 1990s and 2000s, respectively, were as follows: 12.75 (Nd); 1.32 (Pb); 1.84, 1.47 & 2.79 (Ni); 1.53, 16.19 & 40.42 (Ag); 82.24, 159.69 & 113.29 (Zn); 7.12, 4.23 & 5.26 (Cr); 3.26, 2.76 & 2.39 (Cu); 4.84, 24.05 & 26.67 (V); 9.30, 8.40 & 12.63 (Co); 2.59, 4.05 & 4.28 (Cd). Conclusion: Although the mean concentrations for Zn, Cu and Ag in the television samples were relatively high, compared to the total threshold limit concentration (TTLC), they were below the threshold limit. These results suggest that there may not be any immediate environmental hazard posed from the TV plastic housings. The correlations analysis showed that most of the metals declined in TV housings over the subsequent decades.

scholarly journals Heavy metal levels in cattle egrets (Bubulcus ibis) foraging in some abattoirs in Lagos State metropolis

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elijah Abakpa Adegbe ◽  
Oluwaseyi Oluwabukola Babajide ◽  
Lois Riyo Maina ◽  
Shola Elijah Adeniji
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Bubulcus Ibis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Lagos State ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Heavy metal accumulation in the ecosystem constitutes a potential toxic effect which is hazardous to human health. Increasing environmental pollution has necessitated the use of cattle egrets to evaluate the levels of heavy metal contamination, to establish their use in biomonitoring of heavy metals and to provide data for monitoring pollution in the environment. Results The present study assessed the utilization of Bubulcus ibis in monitoring pollution in five abattoirs, namely Agege, Bariga, Kara, Itire and Idi-Araba, all situated in Lagos State. The concentration of five (5) heavy metals, cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) was determined in the liver, muscle and feather of Bubulcus ibis using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The trend of metal accumulation was in the order: Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd > Ni for all the sampled tissues. The mean tissue concentrations of the metals were significantly different (p < 0.05) among the sites. The highest levels of metal concentration were reported in the liver in all the locations. Mean concentration of Cd in Kara (0.003 ± 0.00058) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those found at Agege (0.0013 ± 0.00058) and Idi-Araba (0.001 ± 0.001). A significant difference (p < 0.05) was also observed between the mean concentrations of Cu in Bariga (0.01 ± 0.001) and Idi-Araba (0.003 ± 0.001). Conclusion All the studied heavy metals were present in the liver, muscle and feathers of the cattle egrets. The contamination levels were ascertained from the study which indicated that cattle egrets are useful in biomonitoring studies and the generated data will serve as baseline data which could be compared with data from other locations for monitoring heavy metal pollution.

Evaluation of heavy metals content in the canned/packed fruit juices from local and imported origin in Lahore, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazeefa Fatima ◽  
Munazza Khan ◽  
Muhammad Shuaib Kabeer
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Fruit Juices ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Acid Digestion ◽  
Digestion Method ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Nutritive Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

This study was conducted to determine the mean concentration of heavy metals such as lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), magnesium (Mg), and iron (Fe) in canned/packed fruits juices, collected from various stores in Lahore in a period of three months. These juices were categorized into four groups; local packed and canned and also imported packed and canned products. Every group consisted of ten samples. By using the di-acid digestion method, the collected samples were digested and analyzed under Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results indicated that the mean values of 7 out of 9 tested heavy metals including Pb, Mg, Ni, Fe, Cr, Se and Mn were above permissible limits (set by WHO) in all four understudy groups. Therefore, it was concluded that commercially available fruit juices are not all safe according to their heavy metals content for the human consumption despite their nutritive values.

scholarly journals Heavy Metals in Water and Sediment: A Case Study of Tembi River

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Shanbehzadeh ◽  
Marzieh Vahid Dastjerdi ◽  
Akbar Hassanzadeh ◽  
Toba Kiyanizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Cu And Zn ◽  
Standard Range

This study was carried out to examine heavy metals concentration in water and sediment of upstream and downstream of the entry of the sewage to the Tembi River, Iran. Samples were collected from upstream and downstream and were analyzed for Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Ni, and Zn by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results indicated that the average concentration of the metals in water and sediment on downstream was more than that of upstream. The comparison of the mean concentrations of heavy metals in water of the Tembi River with drinking water standards and those in the water used for agriculture suggests that the mean concentration of Cu and Zn lies within the standard range for drinking water and the mean concentration of Mn, Zn, and Pb lies within the standard range of agricultural water. The highest average concentration on downstream for Pb in water and for Mn in sediment was 1.95 and 820.5 ppm, respectively. Also, the lowest average concentration on upstream was identified for Cd in water and sediment 0.07 and 10 ppm, respectively. With regard to the results, it gets clear that using the water for recreational purposes, washing, and fishing is detrimental to human health and the environment.

scholarly journals Histological Structure of Reproductive Organ of Freshwater Female Crab, Barytelphusa Cunicularis (West-Wood)

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atul R. Chourpagar ◽  
Rumana Shaikh ◽  
G. K. Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Mercuric Chloride ◽  
Sublethal Concentration ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Female Crab ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Yolk Granules ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

<em>Mercury concentrations were recorded in water and tissue of Barytelphusa cunicularis from Pimpalwadi site (Jaikwadi Dam) near Aurangabad. The level of heavy metals in the ovary and spermatheca of crabs was investigated using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The mean concentration of mercury in the crab was 0.9 ±0.001 µg/g. A histopathological alteration in ovary and spermatheca was also studied. Several histological changes were noted in the ovary tissue i. e. Distortion of yolk granules, vacuolization, slight necrosis in the oocytes in the ovary and vacuolization observe in lumen, granular substances, sperm mass and spermathecal fluid was evenly distributed in the crab was observed after exposed to sublethal concentration (24<sup>th</sup> of LC<sub>50</sub>:1/5<sup>th</sup> 0.208 ppm) of mercuric chloride.</em>

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