scholarly journals Effect of Diabetes Education Program on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Knowledge Among Diabetic Pregnant Women: An Experimental Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uchenna Cosmas Ugwu ◽  
Osmond Chukwuemeka Ene
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Education Program ◽  
Diabetes Education ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a disease condition present during pregnancy and if not properly managed would have severe effect on the maternal and neonatal health. This research determined the effect of diabetes education program (DEP) on gestational diabetes mellitus knowledge (GDMK) among diabetic pregnant women (DPW) and significant differences within groups.Methods: This study was based on a pretest – posttest measures of experimental research design involving experimental (n=110) and control (n=110) groups. A total of 220 DPW were purposively recruited from public hospitals in Nigeria between October and December 2019. The DEP was delivered to DPW in experimental group. The Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Knowledge Questionnaire (GDMKQ) of 0.774 was used for data collection. The statistical analysis was completed using IBM SPSS version 22. Results: The results revealed that no statistically significant difference existed on GDM history (P=0.801>0.05), smoking habit (P=0.0615>0.05), parity status (P=0.503>0.05), and level of education (P=0.720>0.05), while difference was observed on alcohol status (P=0.011<0.05), and age by birth (P=0.009<0.05). Also, while no significant difference existed between the DPW in the treatment and control groups on GDMK pretest measures (P=0.901>0.05), difference existed between the DPW in the intervention and control groups on GDMK posttest scores (P=0.026<0.05). Also, the higher percentage score (78%) of DPW in the experimental group in the posttest GDMK measures which is higher than the score in the pretest measures (55%) of the same group were indications that DEP has significant effect on GDMK among DPW.Conclusion: This demonstrates that reliable interventions are effective in combating pregnancy-related complications. This requires collaborative efforts by concerned bodies to combat notable complications during pregnancy using reliable intervention.Trial Registration: In retrospect, the Pan African Clinical Trial Registry documented the study with registration trial code (Trial No.: PACTR201903003187005)

Thyroid Dysfunction in Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 895-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahin Safian ◽  
Farzaneh Esna-Ashari ◽  
Shiva Borzouei
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Experimental Group

Aims: Investigation thyroid dysfunction and autoimmunity in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Background: This article was written to evaluate the thyroid function and anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti- TPO) antibodies in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Method: A total of 252 women with GDM and 252 healthy pregnant women were enrolled. Thyroid tests, including TSH, FreeT3, Free T4, and anti-TPO were performed for all women at 24–28 weeks of gestation. Data analysis was then carried out using SPSS ver. 22. Result: There was a significant difference between the experimental group (38.4%) and the control group (14.06%) in terms of the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism (p= 0.016). The frequency of anti-TPO was higher in the experimental group than the control group and positive anti-TPO was observed in 18.6% of women with GDM and 10.3% of healthy pregnant women (P= 0.008). Conclusion: Thyroid disorders are observed in pregnant women with GDM more frequently than healthy individuals and it may be thus reasonable to perform thyroid tests routinely.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory Markers IL-10 and IL-35: Role in Developing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adele Bahar ◽  
Ozra Akha ◽  
Mahdi Bordbar ◽  
Saeid Abediankenari ◽  
Rezaali Mohammadpoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
And Control

Introduction: Inflammatory state is considered as the pathogenesis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). Cytokines can cause insulin resistance and maybe the molecular basis of inflammation in Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Aim: To assess the level of Interleukin-10 (IL-10) in addition to a new anti-inflammatory cytokine marker Interleukin-35 (IL-35) in pregnant women with and without GDM. Materials and Methods: Participants in the study included 29 pregnant women with GDM (case group) and 29 healthy pregnant women (control group). Blood levels of IL-10, IL-35, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) were measured in all participants. Independent t-test and Chi-square test were used for data analysis. Quantitative data between three gestational subgroups (<29, 29-32 and >32 weeks) in each GDM and control group were compared by ANOVA test. The p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean levels of IL-10 were 1.03±0.85 and 0.83±0.57 pg/mL (p=0.284) and the mean IL-35 concentrations were 10.2±8.1 and 8.8±4.3 pg/mL (p=0.437) in GDM and control groups, respectively. The mean CRP and ESR levels were higher in the GDM group than the controls but the differences were not statistically significant. In the GDM group, IL-10 was significantly lower at the early stage of pregnancy (<29 weeks) compared to the later stage (>32 weeks) (p=0.04), but this was not true in the control group. There was no significant difference between the mean level of IL-35 at different gestational ages in both GDM and control groups. Conclusion: The present study showed the decreased level of anti-inflammatory marker IL-10 in the late stage of pregnancy in diabetic women especially during the last weeks of gestation. New inflammatory marker IL-35 was not statistically significant in GDM subjects.

scholarly journals Is There An Association Between Kisspeptin Levels And Gestational Diabetes Mellitus?

2019 ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emine Arslan ◽  
Umit Gorkem ◽  
Cihan Togrul
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Status ◽  
And Control

<p><strong>Objective:</strong> To find out the relationship of maternal serum levels of kisspeptin with gestational diabetes mellitus status.</p><p><strong>Study Design:</strong> A total of 158 pregnant women between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation were divided into two groups according to gestational diabetes mellitus status: (i) Pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (gestational diabetes mellitus group, n=76) and (ii) Healthy pregnant women (control group, n=82). Maternal serum concentrations of kisspeptin, insulin, and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> In both groups, there were no difference in terms of age and gestational age (p=0.058 and p=0.820, respectively). The median of body mass indices of both groups at 24 to 28 weeks of gestation were statistically similar (p=0.062). The serum concentrations of kisspeptin did not demonstrate significant differences between the gestational diabetes mellitus and control groups (p=0.28). There was a significant difference in terms of serum level of insulin and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance between the gestational diabetes mellitus and control groups (p&lt;0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> No differences were found in serum kisspeptin levels between pregnant women with GDM and healthy pregnant women. Further prospective studies will be essential to elucidate the contribution of kisspeptin to gestational diabetes mellitus.</p>

Investigating the Effect of Positive, Intermediate and Negative Enabling and Training Factors Affecting Physical Activity in Pregnant Women

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Kianfard ◽  
Farkhonde Amin SHokravi ◽  
Sakineh Rakhshanderou ◽  
Shamsaddin Niknami
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Enabling Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
E Learning ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract BackgroundPhysical activity during pregnancy period is one of the issues with priority during pregnancy period. Researches show that women reduce their physical activity during this period and are unaware of the benefits on the health of the mother and embryology. Although researchers regarding physical activity during pregnancy have prepared many guidelines; it is not however clear why pregnant women do not perform physical activity and the effectiveness factors that facilitate the desired behavior. MethodsThe research population included all pregnant women aged 18 to 40 years with gestational age of 12-38 weeks referring to the healthcare centers in District 5 of Tehran Municipality, from 22 districts of the city who had eliminated their physical activity during pregnancy. Questionnaires of physical activity assessment questionnaire after educational intervention in pregnant women (PPAQ) and a questionnaire designed based on the results of the needs assessment and the dimensions of the PEN-3 model were used for assessment. This study is a Research Clinical Trial (RCT). Due to the nature, a quasi-experimental research design (pre-test, post-test) with the control group was used in this research. ResultsBased on the obtained results, the intervention based on E-learning has a significant effect of enabling factors to increase physical activity in pregnant women in the experimental group. In addition, the intervention based on E-learning has a significant effect on the training factors in order to increase physical activity in pregnant women in the experimental group. ConclusionBased on the research results, it can be said that there is a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the scores obtained from training factors in the pretest and the experimental group. Furthermore, it can be said that there is a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the scores obtained from the enabling factors in the pre-test and the experimental group.

scholarly journals Assessment of Polymorphism of the VDR Gene and Serum Vitamin D Values in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (07) ◽  
pp. 425-431
Author(s):  
Thais Walverde Siqueira ◽  
Edward Araujo Júnior ◽  
Rosiane Mattar ◽  
Silvia Daher
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Vdr Gene ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective To evaluate the relationship between vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism (FokI [rs10735810]) and serum vitamin D concentration in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods A prospective case-control study that recruited healthy pregnant women (control group) (n = 78) and women with GDM (GDM group) (n = 79), with no other comorbidities. Peripheral blood samples were collected in the 3rd trimester of gestation, and all of the pregnant women were followed-up until the end of the pregnancy and the postpartum period. Serum vitamin D concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). For genomic polymorphism analysis, the genomic DNA was extracted by the dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide/cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB/CTAB) method, and genotyping was performed by the polymerase chain reaction – restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique, using the restriction enzyme FokI. The Student-t, Mann-Whitney, chi-squared, and Fischer exact tests were used for the analysis of the results. Results There was no significant difference between the pregnant women in the control and GDM groups regarding serum vitamin D levels (17.60 ± 8.89 ng/mL versus 23.60 ± 10.68 ng/mL; p = 0.1). Also, no significant difference was detected between the FokI genotypic frequency when the 2 groups were compared with each other (p = 0.41). Conclusion There was no association between the FokI polymorphism and the development of GDM, nor was there any change in serum vitamin D levels in patients with GDM.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Relationship between Micronutrients and Gestational Diabetes

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farideh Akhlaghi ◽  
Seyyed Majid Bagheri ◽  
Omid Rajabi
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Micronutrient Concentration ◽  
And Control

In this paper, we studied the relation between the micronutrient and gestational diabetes. Therefore, we measured micronutrient concentration including Ni, Al, Cr, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Se in serum of women with gestational diabetes between 24 and 28 weeks of gestational age (study group) who had inclusion criteria and comparison with micronutrient levels in normal pregnant women with same gestational age (control group). Results showed that there was no significant difference between the serum micronutrient level (Ni, Al, Cr, Mg, Zn, Cu, Se) in study and control groups except serum level of iron which in serum of gestational diabetic women was lower than normal pregnant women and difference was significant.

scholarly journals Plasma Markers of Oxidative Stress in Patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in the Second and Third Trimester

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongwei Li ◽  
Qian Yin ◽  
Ning Li ◽  
Zhenbo Ouyang ◽  
Mei Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Paraoxonase 1 ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽  
Plasma Markers

Objective.To determine plasma markers of oxidative stress during the second and third trimester of pregnancy in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Study Design.We conducted a prospective nested case-control study involving 400 pregnant women, 22 of whom developed GDM. As control group, 30 normal pregnant women were chosen randomly. Plasma samples were analyzed for 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α(8-iso-PGF2α), advanced oxidative protein products (AOPPs), protein carbonyl (PCO), glutathione peroxidase-3 (GPX-3), and paraoxonase-1 (PON1) at 16–20 weeks, 24–28 weeks, and 32–36 weeks of gestation.Results.Compared to control subjects, the plasma levels of PCO, AOPPs, and 8-iso-PGF2αwere elevated at 16–20 weeks’ and 32–36 weeks’ gestation in GDM. There was no significant difference in PCO and 8-iso-PGF2αat 24–28 weeks in GDM. GPX-3 was statistically significantly increased at 16–20 weeks and 32–36 weeks in GDM. PON1 reduced in patients with GDM. No significant differences were found at 24–28 and 32–36 weeks between the GDM and control groups. In GDM, PCO, AOPPs, and 8-iso-PGF2αlevels were higher and GPX-3 and PON1 levels were lower in the second than the third trimester.Conclusion.Oxidation status increased in GDM, especially protein oxidation, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of GDM.

scholarly journals Does hearing loss relate to gestational diabetes mellitus?

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1244
Author(s):  
Devanshu Kwatra ◽  
Sunil Kumar ◽  
Gautam Bir Singh ◽  
Ratna Biswas ◽  
Prabhakar Upadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Pure Tone Audiometry ◽  
Neck Surgery ◽  
Hearing Sensitivity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Air Conduction

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> This study aims to check if gestational diabetes mellitus leads to changes in hearing.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A prospective hospital based observational study was performed with total 60 subjects in age group of 18-40 years in the Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi between November 2016 to March 2018. Subjects were divided in two groups. The first group included 30 pregnant women with diagnosed gestational diabetes mellitus and the second group had 30 pregnant women not having gestational diabetes mellitus. Pure-tone audiometry and impedance audiometry was performed twice in all the subjects, first during the antepartum period and second time during the postpartum period.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Significant difference was seen between the average of air conduction threshold values at speech frequencies between the two groups during both antepartum and postpartum period.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The alterations in hearing sensitivity in air conduction between the two groups can be attributed to gestational diabetes mellitus.</p>

scholarly journals Prevalence and perinatal outcomes in GDM and non-GDM in a rural pregnancy cohort of Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
M Abu Sayeed ◽  
Samsad Jahan ◽  
Mir Masudur Rhaman ◽  
M Mainul Hasan Chowdhury ◽  
Parvin Akter Khanam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cesarean Delivery ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Pregnancy Cohort ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
In Pregnancy

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or hyperglycemia in pregnancy is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes such as large for gestational age (LGA), excess fetal adiposity and cesarean delivery. This study addressed the prevalence of diabetes in pregnancy and to compare the perinatal outcomes between GDM and non-GDM in a rural pregnancy cohort of Bangladesh. Ten villages were purposively selected in a rural area about 100 km off Dhaka City. A population census was conducted. A randomized sample of married women of age 15-45y was drawn from the census data. These women having either regular menstruation (non-regnant) or cessation of menstruation for ?24weeks (pregnant) were considered eligible. Both the pregnant and non-pregnant women were invited to volunteer the study. Weight, height, waist- and hip-girth and blood pressure were taken. Fasting blood sample was collected for the estimation of plasma glucose (FPG), triglycerides (TG), cholesterol (chol), high-density lipoprotein (HDL). FPG >5.1 mmol/L was taken as cut-off for hyperglycemia in non-pregnant and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) for the pregnant women. The biophysical characteristics were compared between pregnant and non-pregnant; and then GDM and non-GDM. Only the pregnant women were taken as a pregnancy cohort. The cohort had followup from 24wks of pregnancy through 28 post-natal days. Results The census yielded 23545 (m / f=11896 / 11649) people of all ages. The married women of age 15-45y were 4526. Of them, 2100 were randomly selected for investigation and 1585 (75.5%) volunteered. The overall prevalence (95% CI) of hyperglycemia (FPG >5.1 mmol/L) was 18.5% (16.7 – 20.3). The prevalence of GDM was 8.9% (7.0 – 10.8) and non-GDM was 19.8% (18.8 – 20.8). The BMI and WHR were significantly higher in the pregnant than non-pregnant women; whereas, there was no significant difference between GDM and non-GDM group. The prevalence rates of abortions, stillbirths, hospital delivery, cesarean delivery, hospital stay ?7days, puerperal sepsis and neonatal death did not differ between GDM and non-GDM subjects significantly. The prevalence of GDM in rural Bangladesh is comparable with any other population with higher prevalence of GDM. The prevalence of hyperglycemia was found significantly higher in the non-pregnant than the pregnant women. The anthropometric measures did not differ significantly between GDM and non-GDM though FPG was found significantly higher in the former. Compared with the non-GDM the GDM subjects had no significantly higher fetomaternal morbidity and mortality possibly due to non-sedentary habit, non-obesity, non-dyslipidemia or may be due to inherent genetic makeup. A well designed study in a larger sample may explain our findings. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/imcj.v7i2.20101 Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2013; 7(2): 21-27

scholarly journals C1q/TNF-Related Protein-3 (CTRP-3) and Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor (PEDF) Concentrations in Patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2587
Author(s):  
Tomasz Gęca ◽  
Maciej Kwiatek ◽  
Arkadiusz Krzyżanowski ◽  
Anna Kwaśniewska
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Group ◽  
Pigment Epithelium Derived Factor ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common metabolic disorder in pregnant women, defined as any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or first detected during pregnancy. Explanation of its pathogenesis is extremely important due to the possibility of preventing serious maternal and fetal complications. The aim of the study was to evaluate the concentrations of two molecules: C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein-3 (CTRP-3) and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) which may possibly participate in GDM development. To our knowledge, this is the first study in pregnant women with GDM evaluating CTRP-3 level. Methods: Serum CTRP-3 and PEDF concentration and clinical characteristics were detected in 172 pregnant women. These women were divided into two groups: normal glucose tolerance group (NGT, n = 54) and gestational diabetes mellitus group (GDM, n = 118). This second group was further divided into two subgroups depending on the treatment used: GDM 1—diet only (n = 75) and GDM 2—insulin treatment (n = 43). Results: Our study did not reveal any statistically significant difference between the concentration of PEDF in the control and GDM group. In our study there was a significantly higher concentration of CTRP-3 evaluated in the peripheral blood serum in patients with gestational diabetes (GDM) compared to those in the control group (8.84 vs. 4.79 ng/mL). Significantly higher values of CTRP-3 were observed in both the diet-treated subgroup and the group with insulin therapy when compared to control group (8.40 and 10.96, respectively vs. 4.79 ng/mL). Conclusion: PEDF concentration does not change in GDM, whereas an increased level of CTRP-3 may point to the key role of this adipokine in the development of GDM.

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