scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory activities of puerarin in high-fat diet-fed rats with streptozotocin-induced gestational diabetes mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 7537-7546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenting Xu ◽  
Mengyu Tang ◽  
Jiahui Wang ◽  
Lihong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Tnf Α

Abstract To investigate the effect of puerarin on insulin resistance and inflammation in rats with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Gestational diabetic model rats were established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (25 mg/kg) combined with high-fat feeding and were randomly assigned to three groups: the control group, the GDM group, and the puerarin-treated group. Puerarin was intragastrically administered to rats daily until the offspring were born. The rats in both the GDM group and control group were administered the same volume of normal saline. Serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in all groups of rats were measured. Haematoxylin and eosin staining was used to evaluate morphological changes in the liver, pancreas, and adipose tissues around the reproductive organs. Western blotting was carried out to measure the protein expression of IRS-1 and inflammatory factors, including TNF-α, TLR4, MyD88 and phosphorylated NF-κB, in the adipose tissues around the reproductive organs. Puerarin had preventive effects on GDM-induced pathological changes and ameliorated glucose and lipid metabolism disorders in GDM rats. Puerarin upregulated IRS-1 expression and decreased the protein expression of TNF-α, TLR4, and MyD88 as well as the levels of phosphorylated NF-κB in adipose tissues around the reproductive organs in GDM rats. This study indicated that puerarin exerts anti-inflammatory effects by downregulating the important TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB inflammatory signalling pathway. Therefore, puerarin can decrease the expression of TNF-α and ameliorate insulin resistance in GDM rats, suggesting the potential efficacy of puerarin in GDM treatment.

scholarly journals The Preventive Effect of Zuogui Wan on Offspring Rats’ Impaired Glucose Tolerance Whose Mothers Had Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuwei Wang ◽  
Qianjin Feng ◽  
Xin Niu ◽  
Kaixia Xu ◽  
Yingli Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Preventive Effect ◽  
High Fat

In this experiment, we used streptozotocin (STZ) to establish a model of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) rats, where Zuogui Wan was given to GDM rats. After pregnancy, offspring rats were divided into 4 groups: control group, high fat and sugar as the control group, GDM group, and Zuogui Wan GDM group. Rats in high fat and sugar as the control group, GDM group, and Zuogui Wan GDM group were fed with high fat and sugar diet. Rats in control group were fed the basic diet. The means of 2hPG were higher than 7.8 mmol·L−1and lower than 11.1 mmol·L−1on the rats of GDM group on week 15, and IGT models were successful. Body weight, abdominal fat weight, the ratio of abdominal fat weight and body weight, fasting plasma glucose, 2hPG, insulin, leptin, total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein (LDL) of Zuogui Wan GDM group were significantly lower than GDM group. The level of adiponectin in Zuogui Wan GDM group was significantly higher than GDM group. And we concluded that giving Zuogui Wan to GDM rats can have a preventive effect on the offsprings’ IGT induced by high fat and sugar diet.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome in a Danish Population of Women with Previous Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Is Three-Fold Higher than in the General Population

2005 ◽  
Vol 90 (7) ◽  
pp. 4004-4010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeannet Lauenborg ◽  
Elisabeth Mathiesen ◽  
Torben Hansen ◽  
Charlotte Glümer ◽  
Torben Jørgensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

Abstract Context: Diabetes and obesity, components of the metabolic syndrome, are common characteristics of women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Due to increasing incidence of diabetes and obesity, the metabolic syndrome might comprise a major health problem among these women. Objective: The objective was to estimate the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome by three different criteria [World Health Organization 1999 (WHO), The National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults 2001, and European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance 2002] among women with previous GDM. Design: We conducted a follow-up study of a Danish cohort of women admitted in 1978–1996 to the Diabetes and Pregnancy Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, with diet-treated GDM. The follow-up took place in 2000–2002 at median 9.8 yr (interquartile range 6.4–17.2) after pregnancy. Results were compared with a control group of 1000 age-matched women from a population-based sample (Inter99). Participants: Four hundred eighty-one women at median age 43 yr (interquartile range 38–48) participated. Main Outcome Measures: The main outcome measures were body mass index (BMI), glucose tolerance, blood pressure, lipid profile, and insulin resistance. Results: Independent of the criteria, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was three times higher in the prior GDM group, compared with the control group (e.g. WHO: 38.4 vs. 13.4%, P < 0.0005). Age- and BMI-adjusted odds ratio for having the WHO-defined metabolic syndrome was 3.4 (95% confidence interval 2.5–4.8) for the prior GDM group vs. the control group. Obese women (BMI > 30 kg/m2) with previous GDM had a more than 7-fold increased prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (WHO), compared with normal-weight prior GDM women (BMI < 25 kg/m2). In glucose-tolerant women, the prevalence was doubled in the prior GDM group, compared with control group. Conclusion: The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was three times as high in women with prior diet-treated GDM, compared with age-matched control subjects.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Lipid Profile and Outcomes of Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertensive Disorders: A Retrospective Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Li ◽  
Wenqing Chen ◽  
Xiaoqian Wang ◽  
Fengjuan Jiang ◽  
Xiaotian Chen
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Postpartum Hemorrhage ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders

Abstract Background Dyslipidemia during pregnancy in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) has been extensively studied in western countries. However, similar researches have rarely been conducted in Asia. The present study aimed to evaluate maternal lipid profile changes in relation to pregnancy complications and clinical outcomes.Methods The medical records of 668 pregnant women were retrospectively analyzed. Maternal fasting serum lipids were assayed for total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1) and Apo B concentrations during the second trimesters. The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) was calculated. The pregnancy complications included GDM and HDP. The clinical outcomes were collected by evaluating delivery mode, postpartum hemorrhage, macrosomia, birth weight, body length and neonatal Apgar score.Results Levels of TG and AIP were elevated while decreased TC and HDL-C was observed in women with GDM compared with that of the control group (p < 0.05). TG and AIP in HDP group were higher than in control group (p < 0.05). Significant differences were observed in postpartum hemorrhage, birth weight and body length between control group and women with GDM or HDP (p < 0.05). Compared with women with serum TG ≥ 2.5 mmol/L or TC ≥ 6.2 mmol/L, the incidence of GDM, cesarean section and macrosomia was lower in normal lipid group (p < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that the incidence of GDM was positively correlated with levels of TG (r = 0.226, p < 0.01) and AIP (r = 0.250, p < 0.01), while negative correlated with TC (r = -0.106, p < 0.01) and HDL-C (r = -0.190, p < 0.01). AIP was correlated positively with the incidence of HDP (r = 0.115, p = 0.043). According to the logistic regression analysis, each unit elevation in AIP increased the risk of GDM by 6.943 times (OR = 6.943, 95% CI: 1.761–27.374).Conclusions Lipid control, especially for women with GDM and HDP, might be a potential strategy for improving the pregnancy outcomes.

scholarly journals Alteration of serum neuregulin 4 and neuregulin 1 in gestational diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 204201882110496
Author(s):  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Bi Lu ◽  
Wenhua Wang ◽  
Shifeng Miao ◽  
Shuru Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Neuregulin 1 ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Neuregulin 4

Context: Neuregulin 4 (Nrg4) and neuregulin 1 (Nrg1) have been shown to play vital roles in several disorders of glucose metabolism. The pathophysiological role of Nrg4 and Nrg1 in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), however, remains poorly understood. We assessed the clinical relevance of the two cytokines in patients with GDM. Methods: The study recruited 36 GDM patients and 38 age-matched, gestational age (24–28 weeks of gestation)–matched, and BMI (during pregnancy)–matched controls in this study. Serum Nrg4 and Nrg1 were measured using ELISA. Inflammatory factors such as IL-6, IL-1β, leptin, TNF-α, and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) were determined via Luminex technique. Results: Serum Nrg4 in GDM patients was significantly lower than that in the controls, while Nrg1 was significantly higher in the GDM group ( p < 0.01). Inflammatory factors such as IL-6, leptin, and TNF-α were significantly increased in GDM patients, while MCP-1 and IL-1β were not significantly different between the two groups. In addition, serum Nrg4 was negatively correlated with fasting glucose ( r = −0.438, p = 0.008), HOMA-IR ( r = −0.364, p = 0.029), IL-6 ( r = −0.384, p = 0.021), leptin ( r = −0.393, p = 0.018), TNF-α ( r = −0.346, p = 0.039), and MCP-1 ( r = −0.342, p = 0.041), and positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ( r = −0.357, p = 0.033) in GDM group. Serum Nrg1 was positively correlated with BMI ( r = 0.452, p = 0.006), fasting glucose ( r = 0.424, p = 0.010), HOMA-IR ( r = 0.369, p = 0.027), and triglyceride ( r = 0.439, p = 0.007). The decrease of Nrg4 and the increase of Nrg1 were significantly related to the increased prevalence of GDM. Finally, ROC curve results indicated that Nrg1 combined with IL-6 and TNF-α might be an effective means for GDM screening. Conclusions: Lower circulating Nrg4 and higher circulating Nrg1 serve risk factors of GDM. Nrg1 combined with IL-6 and TNF-α might be a potential tool for GDM screening.

scholarly journals Effects of structured exercise regime on lipid profile and renal function tests in gestational diabetes mellitus patients-A pilot study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Wardah Ajaz Qazi ◽  
Muhammad Naveed Babur ◽  
Arshad Nawaz Malik ◽  
Nadia Ahmed Bokhari ◽  
Mirza Shamim Baig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
Exercise Regime ◽  
Renal Function Tests

Abstract Objectives: To determine the effects of structured exercise regime on biochemical markers of patients of gestational diabetes mellitus during the third trimester. Methods: The two-arm pilot study was conducted at the Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from March to July 2019, and comprised women aged 20-40 years with gestational age >20 weeks who were diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus and who were able to do 6min walk test under severity level on the 0-10 Borg scale. The subjects were randomized into two groups using the sealed envelope method. The intervention group received 5 weeks of structured exercise programme. including aerobics, stabilisation and pelvic floor muscle training, while the control group only received postural education. Data was noted at baseline and after intervention, and was analysed using SPSS 20. Results: Of the 16 subjects, there were 8(50%) in each of the two groups. The mean age was 31.5±4.17 years in the interventional group and it was 35.0±6.30 years in the control group. Serum low-density lipoprotein and serum creatinine showed significant differences between the groups (p<0.05), while the rest of markers were non-significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: Structured exercise regime was found to have a positive effect in reducing serum low-density lipoprotein and serum creatinine levels in gestational diabetes mellitus during the third trimester. Key Words: Gestational diabetes mellitus, Lipid profile, Renal function tests, Structured exercise regime, Third trimester.

scholarly journals Lifestyle intervention modifies the effect of the MC4R genotype on changes in insulin resistance among women with prior gestational diabetes: Tianjin Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Prevention Program

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 750-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhang Chen ◽  
Huikun Liu ◽  
Leishen Wang ◽  
Tao Zhou ◽  
Zhaoxia Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Prevention Program ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Fasting Insulin

ABSTRACTBackgroundA history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been related to an elevated risk of type 2 diabetes. The melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) genotype has been related to glycemic changes in women with prior GDM.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to analyze whether lifestyle intervention modified the association between the MC4R genotype and changes in insulin sensitivity among women with prior GDM.MethodsWe genotyped MC4R rs6567160 and measured glucose and insulin in fasting plasma samples at baseline and during the first 2 follow-up visits in 1128 women with prior GDM. They were randomly assigned to either a 4-y lifestyle intervention involving both diet and physical activity or a control group from a randomized clinical trial, the Tianjin Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Prevention Program. We analyzed the interaction between the MC4R genotype and lifestyle intervention on changes in insulin resistance.ResultsFrom baseline to 1.28 y, the MC4R genotype was related to changes in fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and homeostasis model assessment of β cell function (HOMA-B) in the intervention group. Each risk allele (C) of rs6567160 was associated with a 0.08-unit greater decrease in log(insulin), log(HOMA-IR), and log(HOMA-B) (P = 0.02, 0.04, and 0.04, respectively), whereas in the control group, each C allele tended to be associated with a greater increase in HOMA-IR (P = 0.09). We found significant interactions between the MC4R genotype and lifestyle intervention on 1.28-y changes in fasting insulin and HOMA-IR (P = 0.006 and 0.008, respectively), and such interaction remained significant when we analyzed the trajectory of changes in insulin and HOMA-IR from baseline to 2.55 y (both P = 0.03).ConclusionsThe exploratory results from the first 2 follow-up visits indicate that women with prior GDM carrying a diabetes-increasing MC4R genotype (CC or TC) may obtain better improvement than the TT genotype in insulin resistance through lifestyle intervention. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01554358.

scholarly journals Serum lipid levels in relation to clinical outcomes in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus: an observational cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Li ◽  
Xiaoqian Wang ◽  
Fengjuan Jiang ◽  
Wenqing Chen ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Second Trimester

Abstract Background Research on dyslipidemia during pregnancy in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has rarely been conducted in Asia. The present study aimed to evaluate maternal mid-trimester lipid profile in relation to GDM and clinical outcomes in these high-risk populations. Methods The medical records of 632 pregnant women in the second trimester were retrospectively analyzed. Maternal fasting serum lipids were assayed for total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1) and Apo B concentrations during the second trimester. The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) was calculated as log (TG/HDL). The clinical outcomes were collected by evaluating delivery mode, postpartum hemorrhage, prematurity, macrosomia, birth weight, body length and neonatal Apgar 5 min score. Results Levels of TG and AIP were elevated while decreased HDL-C was observed in women with GDM compared with that of the control group. Significant differences were observed in gestational weeks at birth, cesarean section, postpartum hemorrhage, birth weight, body length, prematurity and macrosomia between the two groups. Compared with women with hyperlipidemia, the incidence of GDM and cesarean section was lower in normal lipid group. Women in the hyperlipidemia group had smaller gestational weeks at birth than those in the control group. According to the logistic regression analysis, each unit elevation in AIP increased the risk of GDM by 18.48 times (OR = 18.48, CI: 2.38–143.22). Besides, age (OR = 1.11, CI: 1.06–1.16) and pre-pregnancy BMI (OR = 1.15, CI: 1.07–1.24) were the risk factors of GDM. Conclusions These findings suggested that reasonable lipid control in the second trimester might reduce the incidence of GDM and be a potential strategy for improving clinical outcomes in these high-risk women.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Shenqi Jiangtang Granules-Assisted Western Medi-cine in the Treatment of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Tang ◽  
Li Fan ◽  
Chunlei Lv ◽  
Runjie Wan ◽  
Jianjian Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Western Medicine ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Diet Therapy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Blood Glucose ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

Background: We aimed to investigate the efficacy of Shenqi Jiangtang granules-assisted Western medicine in the treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: A total of 147 patients with GDM treated in Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from Jan 2018 to Apr 2019 were enrolled. They were randomly divided into traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) combined with Western medicine group, Western medicine group and control group. The control group was treated with exercise combined with diet therapy, and the Western medicine group was additionally treated with metformin tablets. The TCM combined with Western medicine group was additionally treated with Shenqi Jiangtang granules. Results: After treatment, the levels of 10 indicators in the three groups were lower than those before treatment (P < 0.05). These indicators were the lowest in the TCM combined with Western medicine group. However, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) after treatment increased in the three groups compared with those before treatment (P < 0.05), which was the most obvious in the TCM combined with Western medicine group. After treatment, the number of patients with natural delivery in the TCM combined with Western medicine group was the largest. The incidences of complications in pregnant women, fetuses and newborns were the lowest in the TCM combined with Western medicine group. Conclusion: Application of Shenqi Jiangtang granules-assisted Western medicine in patients with GDM can effectively control blood glucose and lipid levels, enhance antioxidant capacity, reduce the levels of inflammatory cytokines and decrease the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes.

scholarly journals Changes of Serum Adiponectin and Glycated Albumin Levels in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Patients and Their Relationship with Insulin Resistance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingju WANG ◽  
Juan DU ◽  
Fenglian LIU
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Glycated Albumin ◽  
Serum Adiponectin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
And Control

Background: We aimed to investigate the changes of serum adiponectin and glycated albumin (GA) levels in gestational diabetes mellitus patients and their relationship with insulin resistance. Methods: Overall, 137 pregnant women were enrolled from Jinan City People's Hospital, Laiwu District, China from Jan 2015 to Jun 2018. Among them, 71 pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus were examined as diabetes group, and 66 normal pregnant women as normal pregnant women group. In addition, 58 normal non-pregnant women of childbearing age who were examined in our hospital during the same period were selected as a control group. The serum adiponectin and GA levels of the three groups were compared, and the relationship between serum adiponectin, GA levels and insulin resistance was analyzed. Results: The serum adiponectin level of pregnant women in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) group was significantly lower than that of normal pregnant women and control group (P=0.031, P=0.027). The serum GA level of pregnant women in GDM group was significantly higher than that of normal pregnant women and control group (P<0.001). Pearson correlation analysis showed that GA was positively correlated with Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), Fasting insulin (FINS) and Insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR) levels (P<0.001), while adiponectin was negatively correlated with FPG FINS and HOMA-IR levels (P<0.001). Conclusion: Abnormal levels of serum GA and adiponectin are closely related to insulin resistance in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus. Detection of serum GA and adiponectin levels can diagnose gestational diabetes mellitus quickly and effectively.

scholarly journals The effect of social Nervous (SaSo) exercise with insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) on gestational diabetes mellitus among Indonesian pregnant women: a quasi-experimental study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Effatul Afifah ◽  
Detty Siti Nurdiati ◽  
Hamam Hadi ◽  
Zainal Muttaqien Sofro ◽  
Ahmad Hamim Sadewa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a carbohydrate intolerance condition that is diagnosed for the first-time during pregnancy and is associated with various adverse pregnancy outcomes for both mother and child, such as increased rates of perinatal complications and long-term morbidity. Exercise is a strategy to reduce hyperglycemia experienced during gestational diabetes mellitus. One type of exercise that can be done is a social nervous exercise (SaSo). SaSo can stimulate the parasympathetic or myelinated vagus nerves and control blood glucose by stimulating autonomic nerves system so that nerve homeostasis and glucose homeostasis occur. This study aimed to determine the impact of a SaSo program consisting of warm-up, core (prayer movements) and cool-down exercises on glucose homeostasis (HOMA-IR) parameters in women with GDM. Methods The study used a quasi-experimental design. Thirty-seven women with GDM at 24-28 weeks gestation were divided into an experimental group (n=19) with a regularly supervised SaSo program (n=18). The control group received only standard antenatal care for GDM. The exercise program started from the time of diagnosis of diabetes to six weeks of intervention conducted twice per week with sessions lasting 40-45 minutes. Bivariate analysis was used to test the difference in means with pretest and posttest results. Results Majority of pregnant women were in the not at-risk age category for control and intervention groups (79% and 83%, respectively). The baseline data results for the experimental and control groups were homogeneous, with no difference in baseline variables (P>0.05). The social nervous exercise experimental group had lower mean difference (MD±SD) levels of insulin resistence in late pregnancy compared to the control group (-9.15±10.06 vs 3.42 ±14.84) (P=0.004). Conclusions A social nervous exercise program has a beneficial effect on insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels in late pregnancy. Further research needs to be done with larger studies to confirm the findings of this study. Trial registration: Ethical approval was obtained from the Medical and Health Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta (KE/0978/08/2019).

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