Job Burnout and Related Factors among Health Sector Employees

Objective: Job burnout can cause physical and psychological damage and reduce job efficiency, especially in difficult jobs such as health care fields. This study aimed to assess the association between the level of job burnout and some contributing factors among health care providers in Iran. Method: This study was performed on the data derived from 1807 participants from the first phase of the employees’ health cohort in 2017-2018. The data were collected using as a self-administrated tool utilizing Maslach Burnout Inventory. The questionnaire scores ranged from never to everyday, with 3 levels of burnout as well as burnout itself; then, the scores were categorized as low, moderate, or high. Ordinal logistic regression model was used to adjust ordinal dependent variables. Results: The mean score of the total burnout was 16.5±7.77 and was associated with work experience and age group (p < 0.001). The components of burnout consisted of emotional exhaustion (8.9± 9.0), depersonalization (23± 2.9), and personal accomplishment (34± 8.6). Emotional exhaustion was related to sex (less among males, OR=0.48) and type of job (less among officials compared to health care staff, OR=0.488). Composite burnout was more common among younger staff (OR= 3.85). Depersonalization was associated with duty shift workers (OR=2.42). Conclusion: Job burnout is a major concern, and lack of personal accomplishment, as a component of burnout, was highly prevalent among Iranian health care employees. Being a single woman, health care provider, and having more than 20 years of work experience with a duty shift were contributing factors for burnout experience. Monitoring symptoms of burnout and its associated factors in the workplace and proposing an alternative organizational and behavioral system and sharing it with relevant authorities may help prevent or reduce job burnout and its deleterious effects.

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Burnout Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Health-Care Professionals at Assiut University Hospitals, 2020

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18105368 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (10) ◽

pp. 5368

Author(s):

Shimaa A. Elghazally ◽

Atef F. Alkarn ◽

Hussein Elkhayat ◽

Ahmed K. Ibrahim ◽

Mariam Roshdy Elkhayat

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Emotional Exhaustion ◽

Health Care Professionals ◽

Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Personal Accomplishment ◽

Burnout Syndrome ◽

Care Providers ◽

University Hospitals

Background: burnout syndrome is a serious and growing problem among medical staff. Its adverse outcomes not only affect health-care providers’ health, but also extend to their patients, resulting in bad-quality care. The COVID-19 pandemic puts frontline health-care providers at greater risk of psychological stress and burnout syndrome. Objectives: this study aimed to identify the levels of burnout among health-care professionals currently working at Assiut University hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: the current study adopted an online cross-sectional design using the SurveyMonkey® website for data collection. A total of 201 physicians were included and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) scale was used to assess the three burnout syndrome dimensions: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. Results: about one-third, two-thirds, and one-quarter of the respondents had high emotional exhaustion, high depersonalization, and low personal accomplishment, respectively. Younger, resident, and single physicians reported higher burnout scores. The personal accomplishment score was significantly higher among males. Those working more than eight hours/day and dealing with COVID-19 patients had significantly higher scores. Conclusion: during the COVID-19 pandemic, a high prevalence of burnout was recorded among physicians. Age, job title, working duration, and working hours/day were significant predictors for burnout syndrome subscale results. Preventive and interventive programs should be applied in health-care organizations during pandemics.

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Burnout Among Health Care Providers During COVID-19 Outbreak

ACTA MEDICA IRANICA ◽

10.18502/acta.v59i2.5577 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Benyamin Mousavi-Asl ◽

Mohammadreza Firouzifar ◽

Leyla Noury ◽

Parnian Khamushian ◽

Dina Mousavi-Asl ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

General Information ◽

Job Burnout ◽

Personal Accomplishment ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

Care Providers ◽

Cross Sectional

COVID-19, which quickly became a global problem, in addition to its effects on public health, is very important in terms of the effect on mental health and anxiety in health care providers. Job burnout should be considered during such health crises. The study design is a cross-sectional study. A total of 87 health care providers (nurses and physicians) were included in the study. Their general information such as age, gender, years of experience, and hours working in COVID-19 was asked. They all filled Maslach burnout inventory, a questionnaire measuring job burnout with three dimensions: Emotional exhaustion (EE), Depersonalization (DP), and personal accomplishment (PA). We found that in physicians, EE (r:0.54, P<0.001) and DP were correlated with hours working in the COVID-19 ward, but no such correlation was found in nurses. Physicians had a higher DP score (mean 12.66 vs. 8.28, P<0.001) and lower PA score (mean 22.71 vs. 25.62, P:0.004) both of them represent higher burnout levels in physicians. Comparing our results with previous studies show that during the COVID-19 breakout higher level of job burnout could be found in health care workers, especially in physicians. Hours working in COVID-19 special wards can increase the level of burnout.

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The Relationship between Job Burnout and Gender-Based Socio-Demographic Characteristics in Lahore

Lahore Journal of Business ◽

10.35536/ljb.2013.v1.i2.a4 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 65-95

Author(s):

Shamila Nabi Khan

Keyword(s):

Emotional Exhaustion ◽

Work Experience ◽

Manufacturing Industry ◽

Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

Early Career ◽

Job Burnout ◽

Personal Accomplishment ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

The Impact

Job burnout has been extensively researched in the international literature. Burnout is caused by personal and occupational factors. This study analyzes the impact of burnout with respect to different socio-demographic characteristics and job-related factors. Based on a sample randomly selected from various industries in the Lahore region, we use cross-tabulations to analyze the effects of burnout, and calculate the mean frequencies of the variables used. We measure three dimensions of burnout—emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and lack of personal accomplishment—using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey. The study finds that women score significantly on emotional exhaustion while men score higher on cynicism and lack of personal accomplishment, compared to all other socio-demographics. Education and work experience are strongly associated with burnout in women while age and income are significantly related to burnout in men. Women’s higher burnout scores are related to higher levels of education (graduates), less work experience (0–10 years), income (PKR 10,000–25,000), age (24–35 years), being self-employed, and working in the manufacturing industry. Among men, burnout is associated with white-collar (upper and lower) employee positions, work experience of 0–4 years, incomes of PKR 25,000 or more, and working in the services industry. Burnout is more significant among men than women with regard to marital status. Among job stressors, men and women are not significantly different with respect to role ambiguity, role conflict, organizational politics, autonomy, and work overload. Most of our results confirm the findings of other studies on job burnout, with the exception that the male respondents in this study experienced high burnout at an early age (24–29-year-old category), which could be due to ‘reality shocks’ or ‘early career burnout’.

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COVID-19 Outbreak Can Change the Job Burnout in Health Care Professionals

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2020.563781 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Xinghuang Liu ◽

Jie Chen ◽

Dongke Wang ◽

Xin Li ◽

Erchuan Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

Emotional Exhaustion ◽

Health Care Professionals ◽

Coping Style ◽

Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽

Job Burnout ◽

Personal Accomplishment ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

Negative Coping

Background: The outbreak of COVID-19 in China was a sudden bio-disaster, which may bring a negative impact on the job burnout of health care professionals (HCPs).Objective: We aim to find out the association factors, especially those closely related to this outbreak, of job burnout in Chinese HCPs.Method: The cross-sectional survey about HCPs' job burnout based on a network platform was conducted in high and low infection regions during the COVID-19 outbreak in China. The demographic characteristics, medical-work-related factors, risk of getting infected due to occupational exposure, and family factors were collected by the self-reported questionnaire. The Chinese version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (CMBI) and the Trait Coping Style Questionnaire (TCSQ) were employed in this study to evaluate the job burnout and coping style, respectively. Furthermore, statistical analysis was done to find out the associated factors of job burnout.Results: We collected 880 complete questionnaires from doctors and nurses from February 9, 2020 to February 11, 2020. In this study, the positive rates of three dimensions of burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment) and overall burnout were 9.09, 50.57, 56.59, and 73.98%, respectively. After the statistical analysis, we found that several factors can independently affect the dimensions. Working in the high infection region and negative coping styles can affect all three dimensions at once. More night shift quantity and having symptoms could increase emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, while higher work intensity and senior title could increase emotional exhaustion and reduce personal accomplishment, respectively.Conclusion: The rate of moderate and severe burnout had increased due to the outbreak. More attention should be paid to burnout in HCPs, especially those with negative coping. There were some potential ways to reduce burnout, such as reducing their workload and providing better protection from the virus.

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Correlation between Job Burnout and Fear of COVID-19 among ICU and CCU Nurses

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1040376/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

F. Golabi ◽

M. B. Alizadeh Aghdam ◽

H. Akbarian ◽

M. M. Hosseini Mazraehshadi

Keyword(s):

Nursing Care ◽

Emotional Exhaustion ◽

Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽

Job Burnout ◽

Personal Accomplishment ◽

Occupational Burnout ◽

Major Factors ◽

The Relationship ◽

Quality Of Nursing

Abstract Background: Occupational burnout among nurses is one of the major factors which affect the quality of nursing care. Assessing the relationship between burnout and its associated factors is one of the most basic things that should be done so that later, actions can be taken to reduce burnout. Fear of COVID-19 is one of the factors that can increase burnout of nurses during the Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19) pandemic.Aim: To investigate the relationship between job burnout and fear of COVID-19 among ICU and CCU nurses.Methods: The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) were distributed to ICU and CCU nurses (n = 170) at Shahid Madani Cardiac Hospital, Tabriz, Iran, and the correlation between job burnout and fear of COVID-19 was calculated.Results: The results show that the level of emotional exhaustion and reduced personal accomplishment among participants of this study is average, and depersonalization is at a low level. Also, the level of fear of coronavirus is below average among the respondents. The research showed that emotional exhaustion and fear of COVID-19 were positively correlated (p < 0.05), but there was not any significant correlation between depersonalization and fear of Coronavirus; as the relationship between reduced personal accomplishment and fear of COVID-19. In addition, there were significant correlations between age and reduced personal accomplishment, as well as marital status and reduced personal accomplishment (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the results showed that there were not any significant correlations between gender and burnout dimensions, nor between educational degree and burnout dimensions.Conclusion: As job burnout reduces the quality of nursing care, managers must take strategies that reduce job burnout. One of the strategies that they can take is to reduce the fear of COVID-19 by taking wise strategies.

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Burn-out of the Medical Oncology Health Care Professionals and Associated Factors in Tunisia

Psycho-Oncologie ◽

10.3166/pson-2020-0134 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 207-216

Author(s):

W. Khechine ◽

F. Ezzaairi ◽

J. Sahli ◽

I. Belaid ◽

A. Daldoul ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Emotional Exhaustion ◽

Health Care Professionals ◽

Medical Oncology ◽

Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽

Public Hospitals ◽

Personal Accomplishment ◽

Unexplained Pain ◽

Burn Out ◽

Functional Complaints

Introduction: Burn-out is defined as a syndrome of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and diminished self-achievement that affects individuals exposed to chronic occupational stress. Physicians and caregivers faced with the death of their patients, such as oncology, are particularly vulnerable to this syndrome. Objectives: To evaluate the burn-out of medical professionals in medical oncology, to research the predisposing factors and to analyze the functional complaints and the behavior of the staff associated with this syndrome. Methods: A descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study among medical oncology professionals practicing in public hospitals in the Tunisian territory who exercise more than two years in oncology; with the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Results: Our study population was predominantly female (81%). 53% are doctors and 47% are paramedical health care professionals. A high degree of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal achievement were found in 63%, 53% and 59% in our population, respectively. With 21% global high burn-out. The female sex was associated with high emotional exhaustion and low personal accomplishment as well as global burn-out. This burn-out was attributed to factors associated with working conditions and professional climate, mainly: overwork, poor organization of service, lack of resources and time, lack of recognition, lack of communication, lack of respect, conflicts with colleagues, report unsatisfactory salary effort and aggressions by patients and their families. Functional complaints and health care professional’s behavior associated with burn-out were: feelings of sadness, blockage, and irritability, sleep disorders, unexplained pain, epigastralgia, addictive behaviors, psychotropic consumption, suicidal thoughts, decreased performance and desire for a job transfer. Conclusions: By its impact on professionals, burn-out in medical oncology represents a major threat to the quality of health care. Its etiologies, although complex and intricate, are well known. Its prevention and its support are possible, but involve mobilization at all levels.

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Breastfeeding in COVID-19: A Pragmatic Approach

American Journal of Perinatology ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1716506 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 37 (13) ◽

pp. 1377-1384

Author(s):

Yvonne Peng Mei Ng ◽

Yi Fen Low ◽

Xin Lei Goh ◽

Doris Fok ◽

Zubair Amin

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Health Care Team ◽

Care Staff ◽

Future Research ◽

Health Care Staff ◽

Care Providers ◽

Joint Decision ◽

Skin Contact ◽

Novel Coronavirus

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in changes to perinatal and neonatal care, concentrating on minimizing risks of transmission to the newborn and health care staff while ensuring medical care is not compromised for both mother and infant. Current recommendations on infant care and feeding when mother has COVID-19 ranges from mother–infant separation and avoidance of human milk feeding, to initiation of early skin-to-skin contact and direct breastfeeding. Health care providers fearing risks of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) maternal–infant transmission may veer toward restricted breastfeeding practices. We reviewed guidelines and published literature and propose three options for infant feeding depending on various scenarios. Option A involves direct breastfeeding with the infant being cared for by the mother or caregiver. In option B, the infant is cared for by another caregiver and receives mother's expressed milk. In the third option, the infant is not breastfed directly and does not receive mother's expressed milk. We recommend joint decision making by parents and the health care team. This decision is also flexible as situation changes. We also provide a framework for counseling mothers on these options using a visual aid and a corresponding structured training program for health care providers. Future research questions are also proposed. We conclude that evidence and knowledge about COVID-19 and breastfeeding are still evolving. Our options can provide a quick and flexible reference guide that can be adapted to local needs. Key Points

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Professional burnout and concurrent health complaints in neonatal nursing

Open Medicine ◽

10.1515/med-2017-0047 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 328-334 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Natalija Skorobogatova ◽

Nida Žemaitienė ◽

Kastytis Šmigelskas ◽

Rasa Tamelienė

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care ◽

Emotional Exhaustion ◽

Work Experience ◽

Neonatal Intensive Care ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Health Assessment ◽

Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽

Personal Accomplishment ◽

Health Complaints ◽

Professional Burnout

AbstractThe aim of this study was to analyze nurses’ professional burnout and health complaints and the relationship between the two components.MethodsThe anonymous survey included 94 neonatal intensive care nurses from two centers of perinatology. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) was used to evaluate professional burnout; it consisted of 3 components, Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, and Personal Accomplishments, with 22 items in total. Health complaints were evaluated by 21 items, where nurses were asked to report the occurrence of symptoms within the last year. Scale means were presented with standard deviations (SD). Inferential analysis was conducted with multivariate logistic regression, adjusting for age, residence, and work experience.ResultsThe mean score of professional burnout on the Emotional Exhaustion subscale was 14.4 (SD=7.91), Depersonalization 3.8 (SD=4.75), and Personal Accomplishment 29.1 (SD=10.12). The health assessment revealed that sleeplessness, lack of rest, nervousness, and tiredness were the most common complaints. The regression analysis revealed that tiredness was independently associated with significantly increased odds of professional burnout (OR=4.1).ConclusionsIn our study, more than half of the nurses in neonatal intensive care had moderate or high levels of emotional exhaustion, while levels of depersonalization were significantly lower. In contrast, the level of personal accomplishment was low in more than half of the nurses. The most common health complaints were sleep disturbances, nervousness, and tiredness. Tiredness was most strongly associated with professional burnout.

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Correlation between job burnout and Fear of COVID-19 among ICU and CCU Nurses (Case study: Shahid Madani Cardiac Hospital, Tabriz, Iran)

Archives of Nursing Practice and Care ◽

10.17352/2581-4265.000057 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 024-028

Author(s):

Golabi Fatemeh ◽

Alizadeh Aghdam Mohammad Bagher ◽

Akbarian Hamed ◽

Hosseini Mazraehshadi Mir Mojtaba

Keyword(s):

Nursing Care ◽

Emotional Exhaustion ◽

Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽

Job Burnout ◽

Personal Accomplishment ◽

Occupational Burnout ◽

Major Factors ◽

The Relationship ◽

Quality Of Nursing

Background: Occupational burnout among nurses is one of the major factors which affect the quality of nursing care. Assessing the relationship between burnout and its associated factors is one of the most basic things that should be done so that later, actions can be taken to reduce burnout. Fear of COVID-19 is one of the factors that can increase the burnout of nurses during the Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19) pandemic. Aim: To investigate the relationship between job burnout and fear of COVID-19 among ICU and CCU nurses. Methods: The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) were distributed to ICU and CCU nurses (n = 170) at Shahid Madani Cardiac Hospital, Tabriz, Iran, and the correlation between job burnout and fear of COVID-19 was calculated. Results: The results show that the level of emotional exhaustion and reduced personal accomplishment among participants of this study is average, and depersonalization is at a low level. Also, the level of fear of coronavirus is below average among the respondents. The research showed that emotional exhaustion and fear of COVID-19 were positively correlated (p < 0.05), but there was not any significant correlation between depersonalization and fear of Coronavirus; as the relationship between reduced personal accomplishment and fear of COVID-19. In addition, there were significant correlations between age and reduced personal accomplishment, as well as marital status and reduced personal accomplishment (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the results showed that there were not any significant correlations between gender and burnout dimensions, nor between educational degree and burnout dimensions. Conclusion: As job burnout reduces the quality of nursing care, managers must take strategies that reduce job burnout. One of the strategies that they can take is to reduce the fear of COVID-19 by taking wise strategies.

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Burnout and Substance Use in Collegiate Athletic Trainers

Journal of Athletic Training ◽

10.4085/1062-6050-178-19 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 55 (7) ◽

pp. 744-751

Author(s):

Leslie W. Oglesby ◽

Andrew R. Gallucci ◽

Christopher J. Wynveen ◽

Kelly R. Ylitalo ◽

Nicholas F. Benson

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Binge Drinking ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Emotional Exhaustion ◽

Athletic Trainers ◽

Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽

Personal Accomplishment ◽

Heavy Episodic Drinking ◽

Full Time ◽

Care Providers

Context The Smith Cognitive-Affective Model of Athletic Burnout suggests that athletic trainers (ATs) suffering from burnout may engage in substance use as a coping behavior. Increases in self-reported burnout symptoms are often associated with increases in heavy episodic drinking and tobacco use among various health care providers. However, this relationship has not been examined thoroughly. Objective To investigate the prevalence of substance use in ATs and identify relationships between symptoms of burnout and substance use among ATs. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Web-based survey. Patients or Other Participants A total of 783 certified ATs working full time in the collegiate or university setting were sampled for this study. Graduate assistant and other part-time ATs were excluded. The survey was distributed via the National Athletic Trainers' Association membership directory e-mail broadcast service. Main Outcome Measure(s) A 100-item online questionnaire consisting of items from previously used scales was used for this study. The survey included the Maslach Burnout Inventory and questions on substance use from the Monitoring the Future study. Multiple regression analyses were performed to analyze the survey data. All independent (Maslach Burnout Inventory subscales) and dependent (use of alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana) variables were mapped to the Smith Cognitive-Affective Model of Athletic Burnout to determine which dimensions of burnout altered the odds of self-reported substance use. Results Almost half (46.3%) of participants admitted to at least 1 binge-drinking episode. However, the use of cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, marijuana, and energy drinks during the previous month was less pronounced in the sample. Emotional exhaustion (B = 0.008, P = .023) and personal accomplishment (B = −0.016, P = .02) were significantly correlated with binge drinking. Emotional exhaustion (Exp[B] = 1.017, P < .001) was also significantly positively correlated with energy-drink consumption. Conclusions Some ATs engaged in heavy episodic drinking. Emotional exhaustion and a decreased sense of personal accomplishment were significantly correlated with this behavior.

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