scholarly journals Applying ethical theories to the Iranian health system governance: a critical empirical assessment

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najmeh Bahmanziari ◽  
Seyed-Mehrdad Mohammadi ◽  
Amirhossein Takian ◽  
Mohammad Arab ◽  
Iraj Harirchi
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Ethical Theory ◽  
Ethical Theories ◽  
Policy Documents ◽  
The Past ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Health System Governance ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Iranian Health System ◽  
Dominant Theory

The policies of health systems are inspired by ethical priorities. A critical review of policies can reveal the ethical theories/justice schools behind them. This study aimed to identify the ethical theory(ies) underpinning the Iranian health system governance over the past 50 years. This was a qualitative study conducted in two stages during 2019. First, we identified and constructed the key concepts and distinctive notions of prominent ethical theories/justice schools. Then, we spotted and selected 24 strategic laws and policy documents in the Iranian health system governance during the past 50 years and analyzed their content to surmise their underlying ethical theory. The results showed that the dominant theory affecting the policies of the Iranian health system governance over the past 50 years was egalitarian liberalism and then objective utilitarianism and relativist communitarianism. Retrospective empirical application of ethical theories to health system governance is methodologically doable, and this application reveals the mood or priorities of the politics. Also, highlighting the underpinning ethical theories of health system governance as well as the gap between ambitions versus realization are insightful and may prospectively empower and strengthen egalitarianism  

Ethical Theories and Values in Priority Setting: A Case Study of the Iranian Health System

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Khayatzadeh-Mahani ◽  
M. Fotaki ◽  
G. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Priority Setting ◽  
Ethical Theories ◽  
Iranian Health System

Socio-spatial transformations at the urban fringes of Rome: Unfolding suburbanisms in Fiano Romano

2021 ◽  
pp. 096977642110316
Author(s):  
Lorenzo De Vidovich
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Case Study ◽  
Spatial Expansion ◽  
Spatial Transformations ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
The Past ◽  
Spatial Changes ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Urban Transformations ◽  
New Inequalities

Today, suburbs and urban fringes are pivotal places for understanding contemporary urban transformations because the majority of the world’s urban population live in suburbs. Suburbanization (i.e. the process of combining the non-centric population, economic growth, and spatial expansion) and suburbanisms (suburban ways of living) are key concepts for observing these transformations, framed under the umbrella of the post-suburban theoretical framework. This paper relies on a post-suburban standpoint as it enables the complexity of the diverse transformations at the urban edges to be addressed. On such basis, this paper discusses the outcomes of a qualitative case study conducted on the most recently built neighbourhood of Fiano Romano, a suburb of Rome that has faced a number of socio-spatial transformations over the past two decades. The study illustrates the diverse complexities related to the provision of welfare services and public amenities such as water and social infrastructures. In so doing, the article unfolds the shape of a ‘new suburbia’ characterized by emerging socio-spatial changes that lie in processes of peripheralization, which characterize many contemporary post-Fordist suburban areas, especially at the present time of the coronavirus crisis. The article points out the centrality of suburban ways of living in studying issues involving both spatial planning and governance of welfare. Furthermore, the article highlights the idea that new inequalities and deprivations are taking place in diverse suburban areas, and that such aspects deserve further governance agendas able to meet the suburban social demands that differ from traditional urban vulnerabilities.

Cuba and the Covid-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-131
Author(s):  
Bob Oram
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Health System ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Universal Health

For the UK struggling to deal with the Covid-19 pandemic, the experience of Cuba’s Ministry of Public Health over the past six decades provides the clearest case for a single, universal health system constituting an underlying national grid dedicated to prevention and care; an abundance of health professionals, accessible everywhere; a world-renowned science and biotech capability; and an educated public schooled in public health. All this was achieved despite being under a vicious blockade by the United States for all of that time.

scholarly journals Empirically evaluating the impact of adjudicative tribunals in the health sector: context, challenges and opportunities

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-174
Author(s):  
Steven J. Hoffman ◽  
Lorne Sossin
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
System Level ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
External Impact ◽  
Health System Governance ◽  
Evaluation Matrix ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Methodological Difficulties

AbstractAdjudicative tribunals are an integral part of health system governance, yet their real-world impact remains largely unknown. Most assessments focus on internal accountability and use anecdotal methodologies; few, studies if any, empirically evaluate their external impact and use these data to test effectiveness, track performance, inform service improvements and ultimately strengthen health systems. Given that such assessments would yield important benefits and have been conducted successfully in similar settings (e.g. specialist courts), their absence is likely attributable to complexity in the health system, methodological difficulties and the legal environment within which tribunals operate. We suggest practical steps for potential evaluators to conduct empirical impact evaluations along with an evaluation matrix template featuring possible target outcomes and corresponding surrogate endpoints, performance indicators and empirical methodologies. Several system-level strategies for supporting such assessments have also been suggested for academics, health system institutions, health planners and research funders. Action is necessary to ensure that policymakers do not continue operating without evidence but can rather pursue data-driven strategies that are more likely to achieve their health system goals in a cost-effective way.

Agent-based economic models and econometrics

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Heng Chen ◽  
Chia-Ling Chang ◽  
Ye-Rong Du
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Computational Finance ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Past ◽  
Stage Development ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The One ◽  
Two Stages

AbstractThis paper reviews the development of agent-based (computational) economics (ACE) from an econometrics viewpoint. The review comprises three stages, characterizing the past, the present, and the future of this development. The first two stages can be interpreted as an attempt to build the econometric foundation of ACE, and, through that, enrich its empirical content. The second stage may then invoke a reverse reflection on the possible agent-based foundation of econometrics. While ACE modeling has been applied to different branches of economics, the one, and probably the only one, which is able to provide evidence of this three-stage development is finance or financial economics. We will, therefore, focus our review only on the literature of agent-based computational finance, or, more specifically, the agent-based modeling of financial markets.

scholarly journals HCFMUSP: Resilience in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (spe) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Caldeira Pedroso ◽  
João Teixeira Pires ◽  
Ana Maria Malik ◽  
Antonio José Rodrigues Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Health System ◽  
Crisis Management ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
New Disease ◽  
Healthcare Operations ◽  
Teaching Case ◽  
Health System Governance ◽  
Emergency Actions ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT The teaching case describes a set of emergency actions taken by HCFMUSP to manage the needs brought by the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. The case objective considers the issues related to the impact of the pandemic mostly in healthcare operations, emphasizing how to: (a) adapt health system governance in response to a crisis (crisis management); (b) manage the health system capacity, which traditionally is not so resilient; (c) deal with a new disease (knowledge management). Thus, it should allow gathering elements for the management of future crises.

scholarly journals Integrated Knowledge Transfer and Exchange: An Organizational Approach for Stakeholder Engagement and Communications

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwayne Van Eerd ◽  
Ron Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Research Process ◽  
User Engagement ◽  
Research Information ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Knowledge Transfer And Exchange ◽  
Key Concepts

Knowledge transfer and exchange (KTE) is a process of making relevant research information available and accessible for use in practice or policy. Integrated KTE, where knowledge users are engaged in the research process, is considered to better facilitate uptake and use. The objective of this paper is to describe a fully integrated KTE approach developed over the past 20 years. Key concepts related to knowledge user engagement as well as the integration of communications within KTE are described. The organizational KTE approach is flexible and can be adapted to a variety of research areas.

scholarly journals An Analysis of the Learning Health System in Its First Decade in Practice: Scoping Review (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jodyn E Platt ◽  
Minakshi Raj ◽  
Matthias Wienroth
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health System ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Rapid Learning ◽  
The Past ◽  
Learning From Data ◽  
Learning Health System ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Value Of Health

BACKGROUND In the past decade, Lynn Etheredge presented a vision for the Learning Health System (LHS) as an opportunity for increasing the value of health care via rapid learning from data and immediate translation to practice and policy. An LHS is defined in the literature as a system that seeks to continuously generate and apply evidence, innovation, quality, and value in health care. OBJECTIVE This review aimed to examine themes in the literature and rhetoric on the LHS in the past decade to understand efforts to realize the LHS in practice and to identify gaps and opportunities to continue to take the LHS forward. METHODS We conducted a thematic analysis in 2018 to analyze progress and opportunities over time as compared with the initial <i>Knowledge Gaps and Uncertainties</i> proposed in 2007. RESULTS We found that the literature on the LHS has increased over the past decade, with most articles focused on theory and implementation; articles have been increasingly concerned with policy. CONCLUSIONS There is a need for attention to understanding the ethical and social implications of the LHS and for exploring opportunities to ensure that these implications are salient in implementation, practice, and policy efforts.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document