scholarly journals The Prevalence and Pattern of Traditional Herbal Medicine Use during Pregnancy, Labour, and Postpartum: Implications for Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV in South Africa

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sphiwe Madiba ◽  
Irene Ledwaba
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Vertical Transmission Of Hiv ◽  
Postnatal Women ◽  
Mother To Child

The use of traditional herbal medicines (THM) is widespread among pregnant women in many African societies. Cultural beliefs and social norms largely influence the use of THM. However, its use during pregnancy is not freely discussed during antenatal care and the extent of its use remains unknown. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and pattern of THM use during pregnancy, labour, and post-delivery. The study was a quantitative cross-sectional design using a researcher administered questionnaire. Postnatal women enrolled in the prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) were recruited from healthcare facilities in a rural South African sub-district. Summary and inferential statistics were computed using STATA 14.0 statistical package. The sample consisted of 399 women with mean age of 28 years. A high proportion (158/42.5) were receiving antiretroviral treatment. The prevalence of THM use was 23% and 76/87.4% took THM in the second trimester of pregnancy, 50/57.5% used THM throughout pregnancy, and 27/60% ingested THM when labour started. The majority (50/58.1%) used one type of THM and 35/41.5% used up to four types. The prevalence of THM use on babies was 44%, 82/54.2% were introduced to THM before three months, and 22/14.2% within their first week of life. A third 52/32.3% of babies received more than one concoction of herbal medicines. The women took THM to protect mother and baby from evil spirits as well as to increase labour pains and shorten the duration of labour. The use of THM on the baby was despite the women being enrolled in the PMTCT program which advocates exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in the first six months. Mixed feeding practices including the use of THM on the baby before the end of the period of EBF have a negative impact on the elimination of vertical transmission of HIV.

scholarly journals Gambaran Minat Ibu Hamil dalam Mengikuti Program Preventation of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) di Kelurahan Tanjung Uma Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Lubuk Baja

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Mona Rahayu Putri
Keyword(s):  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mother To Child

Penyebaran HIV dan AIDS di Indonesia dari tahun ke tahun menunjukan peningkatan yang cepat. Jumlah kasus HIV sampai dengan mei 2017 sebanyak 103.759 dan AIDS sebanyak 43.347, dengan kematian sebanyak 8.340. dengan peningkatan kasus yang sangat besar tersebut maka WHO mengingatkan Indonesia sebagai salah satu negara Asia tercepat dalam hal peningkatan populasi HIV dan AIDS. (Kemenkes RI, 2015). Ibu hamil merupakan kelompok beresiko tertular HIV yang berdampak pada bayi yang dikandungnya seiring dengan meningkatnya jumlah laki-laki yang melakukan hubungan seksual tidak aman atau beresiko, yang selanjutnya akan menularkan pada pasangannya (istrinya)Dari data yang didapat dari 5.138 ibu hamil yang konseling dan test HIV, ada 32 yang positif HIV dan 15 AIDS, serta ada 19 bayi yang lahir dari ibu dengan HIV positif. Secara keseluruhan, penderita HIV di Kota Batam tahun 2017 mencapai 1038. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui minat ibu hamil dalam memanfaatkan program PMTCT. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian survey yang bersifat analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Besar sampel yaitu 100 ibu hamil di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Lubuk Baja. Alat pengumpulan data dengan kuesioner. Dari penelitian didapatkan minat ibu hamil dalam mengikuti program Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) sebagian besar berada pada kategori berminat sebanyak 70 ibu hamil (70%) sedangkan tidak berminat 30 ibu hamil (30%). Untuk mengatasi masalah ini diharapkan kepada tenaga kesehatan untuk memberikan informasi ataupun penyuluhan tentang pemanfaatan PMTCT kepada Ibu hamil.

scholarly journals KNOWLEDGE REGARDING HIV/AIDS AND MOTHER TO CHILD TRANSMISSION ISSUES AMONG WOMEN SEEKING ANTENATAL CARE IN VIMSAR, BURLA

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Shilpa Karir ◽  
Dr. Smita Kumari Panda ◽  
Dr. Sadhu Charan Panda
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Keywords Hiv ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Hiv Aids

Globally, around 34 million people are living with HIV in 2010, and 35% of the pregnant women are tested for HIV in the low and middle income countries. HIV infection in pregnancy has become a complication of pregnancy in some developing countries. This has major implications for the management of pregnancy and birth. A cross sectional study was conducted from December 2018 – February 2019 in tertiary care hospital, VIMSAR Burla . The present study was conducted to assess the knowledge about HIV/AIDS and mother to child transmission issues among women seeking antenatal care and visiting ICTC. A sample of 150 pregnant females was used to accomplish the study. A pre- tested semi-structured questionnaire was used to gather information on the study variables. The questionnaire included variables related socio-demographics e.g., age, education status, occupation, residence, awareness about HIV/AIDS. The study reflected that 83.4% of the women had heard of the term HIV/AIDS which reflects a relatively high level of awareness about the term but subsequently dropping levels of awareness about the routes of transmission, laboratory diagnosis and the availability of drugs. Only 45.3% of the respondents were aware of ICTC. 42.7% were aware about mother to child transmission of HIV and only 32% were aware of anti-retro viral therapy for newborn. Keywords: HIV, ICTC, Antenatal

scholarly journals Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV guidelines: Nurses’ views at four primary healthcare facilities in the Limpopo Province

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Hanrahan ◽  
Adri Williams
Keyword(s):  
Patient Education ◽  
Registered Nurses ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Pmtct Programme ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Mother To Child

Background: When new guidelines for existing programmes are introduced, it is often the clinicians tasked with the execution of the guidelines who bear the brunt of the changes. Frequently their opinions are not sought. In this study, the researcher interviewed registered nurses working in the field of the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to gain an understanding of their perspectives on the changes introduced to the guidelines. The guideline changes in 2014 were to move from the World Health Organization (WHO) Option B to Option B + which prescribes lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART) for all HIV-positive pregnant women regardless of CD4 cell count.Objective: To determine what the registered nurses’ perspectives are on the PMTCT programme as implemented at four PHC facilities in the Limpopo Province.Method: For this qualitative investigation, a descriptive research design was implemented. The data were collected during semi-structured interviews with nurses from four primary healthcare facilities in the Limpopo Province of South Africa. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.Results: Challenges preventing effective implementation (e.g. increased workloads, viz. staff shortages; poor planning of training; equipment and medication shortages and long lead times; poor patient education) were identified.Conclusion: In spite of the successes of the PMTCT programme, considerable challenges still prevail; lack of patient education, poor facilities management and staff shortages could potentially influence the implementation of the PMTCT guidelines negatively.

scholarly journals An approach for evaluating early and long term mother-to-child transmission of HIV (MTCT) in low and middle income countries: a South African experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra J. Jackson ◽  
Thu-Ha Dinh ◽  
Carl J. Lombard ◽  
Gayle G. Sherman ◽  
Ameena E. Goga
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mother To Child

Abstract Background Eliminating mother-to-child transmission of HIV is a global public health target. Robust, feasible methodologies to measure population level impact of programmes to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) are needed in high HIV prevalence settings. We present a summary of the protocol of the South African PMTCT Evaluation (SAPMTCTE) with its revision over three repeated rounds of the survey, 2010–2014. Methods Three cross sectional surveys (2010, 2011–2012 and 2012–2013) were conducted in 580 primary health care immunisation service points randomly selected after stratified multistage probability proportional to size sampling. All infants aged 4–8 weeks receiving their six-week immunisation at a sampled facility on the day of the visit were eligible to participate. Trained research nurses conducted interviews and took infant dried blood spot (iDBS) samples for HIV enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and total nucleic acid polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing. Interviews were conducted using mobile phones and iDBS were sent to the National Health Laboratory for testing. All findings were adjusted for study design, non-response, and weighted for number of South African live-birth in each study round. In 2012 a national closed cohort of these 4 to 8-week old infants testing EIA positive (HIV Exposed Infants) from the 2012–2013 cross-sectional survey was established to estimate longer-term PMTCT impact to 18 months. Follow-up analyses were to estimate weighted cumulative MTCT until 18 months, postnatal MTCT from 6 weeks until 18 months and a combined outcome of MTCT-or-death, using a competing risks model, with death as a competing risk. HIV-free survival was defined as a child surviving and HIV-negative up to 18 months or last visit seen. A weighted cumulative incidence analysis was conducted, adjusting for survey design effects. Discussion In the absence of robust high-quality routine medical recording systems, in the context of a generalised HIV epidemic, national surveys can be used to monitor PMTCT effectiveness; however, monitoring long-term outcomes nationally is difficult due to poor retention in care.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding mother-to-child transmission of HIV, its prevention, and associated factors among antenatal women attending a health care facility in district Srinagar, North India: a cross sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 2622
Author(s):  
Mohsina Mukhtar ◽  
Ruqia Quansar ◽  
Suhail N. Bhat ◽  
S. M. Salim Khan
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Mother To Child

Background: HIV pandemic still remains an issue of major concern on a global scale with more than 37.9 million people estimated to be living with HIV in 2019 globally -an increase from 36.7 million in 2015. India has the third largest HIV epidemic in the world, with 2.1 million people living with HIV, with higher prevalence among men (0.25%) than women (0.19%) out of which children (15 years) accounts for 6.54%, while two fifth (40.5%) of total HIV infections are among females.Methods: A cross-sectional hospital based study was conducted over a time period of 03 months and a total of 366 pregnant women attending the health care facilities of Block Hazratbal were included in the study.Results: Among the study participants, only 15 (4.1%) women had not heard about HIV/AIDS, 314 (85.8%) were aware of sexual transmission as a mode of transmission and only half of the study subjects (50.8%) knew about MTCT, more than half of the subjects (68.3%) were aware that the transmission of HIV infection can occur during pregnancy.Conclusions: Although the study population showed adequate knowledge about HIV infection, there was a considerable lack of knowledge regarding mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection and its prevention.

scholarly journals Enablers, Constraints and Extent of Implementation of the Elimination of Mother-to-child Transmission of HIV Policy Guidelines in Lira district; Application of a Policy Implementation Barometer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noel Namuhani ◽  
Hamiliton Kainga ◽  
Olufemi Obafemi ◽  
Adeyemi Adelabu ◽  
Moses Mukuru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Health Facility ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mother To Child

Abstract Background; Despite the adoption of Elimination of mother to child transmission (EMTCT) strategy in 2012, mother to child transmission of HIV remains one of the significant forms of new HIV infections among children in Uganda, accounting for 20% of new infections. However, the implementation of the EMTCT strategy in Uganda remains unclear and an under researched field. This study aimed at assessing the extent of implementation of EMTCT strategy, barriers and constraints in Lira district using the adapted Policy Implementation Barometer (PIB) approach. Methods; This was a cross sectional study that employed both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. A Policy Implementation Barometer tool developed by a project called Supporting Policy Engagement for Evidence-based Decisions (SPEED) for Universal Health Coverage in Uganda was adopted to assess the extent of implementation of EMTCT strategy. A total of 32 interviews with health facility managers were purposively conducted from a random sample of 20 health facilities offering Antenatal clinic (ANC) services in Lira district. Quantitative data was analyzed using STATA 14. Qualitative data was analyzed using thematic content analysis approach. Results; Majority 17/32 (53.1%) of the respondents were health facility in charges, 14/32 (43.8%) were midwives and half 16/32 (50.0%) had been in service for more than five years. Half of the respondents perceived their facilities to have fully established programs for implementing EMTCT and only 2/32 (6.2%) perceived the EMTCT programs to be functioning optimally. The perceived level of EMTCT implementation was 80%. Almost all the respondents perceived the funding for EMTCT activities to be inadequate, untimely, and not sustainable. Only 4/32 (12.5%) of the respondents believed that the health workforce size was adequate to support EMTCT activities, 13/32 (40.6%) believed that health workers lacked the skills to provide EMTCT services.Conclusion/Recommendation; Overall, the perceived extent of EMTCT policy implementation was high, however slow progress was reported in some of the key policy objectives due to a number of hindrances including inadequate staff and funding. Therefore, there is a need for strategies to increase the number of health workers for EMTCT and solicit for more funding for the implementation of EMTCT strategy.

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