scholarly journals PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF MAIZE CROP IRRIGATED WITH AND WITHOUT WATER DEFICIT IN DIFFERENT PLANT ARRANGEMENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
MARCUS WILLAM LOPES CARVALHO ◽  
EDSON ALVES BASTOS ◽  
MILTON JOSÉ CARDOSO ◽  
ADERSON SOARES DE ANDRADE JÚNIOR ◽  
MARCELO RIBEIRO SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Sprinkler System ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Maximum Point ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Use Efficiency

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of row spacing and planting density, under different water regimes, on dry grain production of the maize hybrid AG -1051, in Teresina, Piauí. Two experiments were conducted with the use of a conventional sprinkler system for irrigation, being one with 100% and the other with 50% crop evapotranspiration (ETc) replacement. A randomized block experimental design was used, in a 5x2 factorial scheme, combining five planting densities (PD) (20,000; 40,000; 60,000; 80,000; and 100,000 plants ha-1) and two spacings between rows (RS) (0.5 and 1.0 m), with four replications. The weight of 100 grains, cob percentage, grain yield, and water use efficiency were evaluated. The increment of planting density caused a linear decrease in the 100-grain weight and increment of the cob percentage in relation to the total ear weight. Under full irrigation regime, the combination of the 0.5 m row spacing and planting density of 72,000 plants ha-1 provided maximum yield of 7.2 Mg ha-1. Under water deficit condition, the maximum yield of 4.8 Mg ha-1 was reached in the combination of the 0.5 m row spacing and planting density of 67,000 plants ha-1..The total water depth of 419 mm provided maximum WUE of 1.70 kg m-3. The total water depth of 268 mm caused a reduction in WUE with maximum point of 1.54 kg m-3.

scholarly journals Spatial arrangement of maize plants aiming to maximize grain yield in the hybrid BRS-3046

2020 ◽  
pp. 1662-1669
Author(s):  
Marcus Willame Lopes Carvalho ◽  
Edson Alves Bastos ◽  
Milton José Cardoso ◽  
Aderson Soares de Andrade Junior ◽  
Carlos Antônio Ferreira de Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Intercellular Co2 Concentration ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Row Spacing

The objectives of this study were to: (i) evaluate the effect of different spatial arrangements on morpho-physiological characteristics and (ii) determine the optimal spatial arrangement to maximize grain yield of the maize hybrid BRS-3046 grown in the Mid-North region of Brazil. We tested two row spacings (0.5 and 1 m) and five plant densities (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 plants m-2), which corresponded to 10 different plant spatial arrangements. Different morphophysiological variables, gas exchange rates and grain yield were measured. The increased planting density led to a linear increase in LAI, regardless of row spacing, while the net CO2 assimilation rate increased until the density of 4 and 6 plants m-2, under a row spacing of 0.5 and 1.0 m, respectively. On the other hand, we found a linear reduction in the stomatal conductance with increasing planting density. The intercellular CO2 concentration and the transpiration rate were higher in the widest row spacing. The instantaneous efficiency of carboxylation, in turn, showed a slight increase up to the density of six plants m-2, then falling, regardless of row spacing. Increasing plant density resulted in a linear increase in plant height and ear insertion height, regardless of row spacing. However, it had an opposite effect on stem diameter. Grain yield, in turn, increased up to 7.3 plants m-2 at a row spacing of 0.5 m and 8 plants m-2 at a row spacing of 1.0 m. This spatial arrangement was considered as ideal for achieving maximum yield

scholarly journals Growth, production and water and nitrogen use efficiency of maize under water depths and nitrogen fertilization

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 747-753
Author(s):  
David H. Campelo ◽  
Adunias dos S. Teixeira ◽  
Luis C. J. Moreira ◽  
Claudivan F. de Lacerda
Keyword(s):  
Water Depth ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Area Index ◽  
N Dose ◽  
Irrigation Depth ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Depths

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth, the production components and the water (WUE) and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in maize (Zea mays L.), as function of water depths and nitrogen doses. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a split-plot scheme with four repetitions. The irrigation treatments applied in the plots were composed of four water depths: 80, 90, 100 and 110% of the water requirement, based on the soil field capacity, while the N doses, distributed in the subplots, were 0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1. Increases in water depths and in N doses promote linear increases in plant height and leaf area index. For cycle I (2015) the maximum yield (16,778.3 kg ha-1) was reached with the irrigation depth of 538.1 mm and nitrogen dose of 180 kg ha-1; and for cycle II (2016), the maximum yield was reached with the irrigation depth corresponding to 505 mm and N dose of 180 kg ha-1, yielding 17,819.5 kg ha-1. The highest values of WUE (4.1 and 3.8 kg m-3) were estimated in cycle I (2015) for 432.7 mm and in cycle II (2016) for 359.6 mm, respectively; while the highest values of NUE (67.5 and 65.3 kg kg-1) were estimated in cycle I (2015), for the water depth of 555.7 mm and nitrogen dose of 113.3 kg ha-1, and in cycle II (2016), for the water depth of 506 mm and nitrogen dose of 107.7 kg ha-1.

scholarly journals Effects of row spacing on soil water and water consumption of winter wheat under irrigated and rainfed conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.B. Zhou ◽  
Y.H. Chen ◽  
Z. Ouyang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Jointing Stage ◽  
High Yields

The results of two seasons' work on soil water content (SWC), evapotranspiration (ET), total dry matter (TDM), and harvest index (HI) of crops under different row spacing (RS), as well as possible ways to improve water utilization, have been reported. Field experiments were carried out at the Experimental Farm of Shandong Agricultural University (36°09'N, 117°09'E) in 2006–2007 and 2007–2008. Four types of RS were treated under two different water conditions (rainfed and irrigated) and set up in a randomized plot design. RS did not exhibit any obvious effects on SWC during the study period. SWC was enhanced evidently by irrigation, especially in the 10–60 cm soil layer. Irrigation increased the ET of crop. At the seeding-jointing stage, the ET of RS14 was significantly higher than those during other treatments (P < 0.05). Irrigation increased yields, ET, and TDM, while it decreased water use efficiency and HI. There were significantly negative correlations between TDM and RS (P < 0.05). The HI of the rainfed crop was higher than that of the irrigated crop. Results showed that high yields of wheat could be achieved in northern China by reducing RS under uniform planting density conditions.

scholarly journals FENOLOGIA, COMPONENTES DE PRODUÇÃO E RENDIMENTO AGRÍCOLA DO MILHO SOB LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO NA REGIÃO DE RIO LARGO, ALAGOAS

Irriga ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-295
Author(s):  
MARCELO AUGUSTO SOARES ◽  
IÊDO TEODORO ◽  
SAMUEL SILVA ◽  
ARTHUR LUAN CANTARELLI ◽  
RICARDO ARAÚJO JÚNIOR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Design ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Canopy Height ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Agricultural Yield ◽  
Irrigation Levels

FENOLOGIA, COMPONENTES DE PRODUÇÃO E RENDIMENTO AGRÍCOLA DO MILHO SOB LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO NA REGIÃO DE RIO LARGO, ALAGOAS1     MARCELO AUGUSTO DA SILVA SOARES2; IÊDO TEODORO3; SAMUEL SILVA4; ARTHUR LUAN DIAS CANTARELLI5; RICARDO ARAÚJO FERREIRA JÚNIOR3 E ALLAN HEMERSON DE MOURA5   1 O artigo foi gerado a partir da dissertação do primeiro autor. 2 Doutorando em Produção Vegetal, Departamento de Tecnologia da Produção, Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Av. Lourival Melo Mota, S/N, Tabuleiro do Martins, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brasil, [email protected]. 3 Professores do Centro de Engenharia e Ciências Agrárias (CECA), Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Av. Lourival Melo Mota, S/N, Tabuleiro do Martins, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brasil, [email protected]; [email protected]. 4Professor do Instituto Federal de Alagoas (IFAL), Campus Piranhas, Av. Sergipe, 1477, 57460-000, Piranhas, Alagoas, Brasil, [email protected]. 5 Mestrando em Produção Vegetal, Departamento de Tecnologia da Produção, Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Av. Lourival Melo Mota, S/N, Tabuleiro do Martins, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brasil, [email protected]; [email protected].     1 RESUMO   O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento, desenvolvimento e rendimento agrícola do milho sob lâminas de irrigação, na região de Rio Largo, Alagoas. O delineamento estatístico foi blocos casualizados no esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com 20 tratamentos e quatro repetições. A cultura foi irrigada por gotejamento, submetida a cinco níveis de irrigação (40, 80, 120, 160 e 200% da ETc) e quatro doses de nitrogênio (0, 75, 150 e 225 kg ha-1). A interação entre as lâminas de irrigação e as doses de nitrogênio não foi significativa, uma justificativa para isso é que o solo com umidade acima da capacidade de campo fez com que boa parte do nitrogênio tenha sido lixiviado, dessa forma, foram analisados apenas os efeitos dos tratamentos de níveis de irrigação, sem desdobramentos.  Os maiores valores de altura do dossel (247,2 cm), índice de área foliar (4,4 m2 m-2), número de grãos por espiga (635 grãos), massa de grãos por espiga (195,0 g) e produtividade agrícola (8,4 t ha-1) são obtidos com lâminas de irrigação equivalente a 160% da ETc. A maior eficiência no uso da água foi de 38,5 kg mm-1, é obtida com lâmina total de água de 172,4 mm (40% da ETc).   Palavras-chave: altura do dossel, número de grãos por espiga, massa de grãos por espiga.     SOARES, M. A. S.; TEODORO, I.; SILVA, S.; CANTARELLI, A. L. D.; FERREIRA JÚNIOR, R. A.; MOURA, A. H. PHENOLOGY, PRODUCTION COMPONENTS AND AGRICULTURAL YIELD OF MAIZE UNDER IRRIGATION DEPTHS IN RIO LARGO REGION, ALAGOAS         2 ABSTRACT   The objective of this work was to evaluate the growth, development and agricultural yield of maize crop under irrigation depths, in Rio Largo region, Alagoas, Brazil. The statistical design was randomized blocks in split-plot scheme, with twenty treatments and four replications. The crop was irrigated by drip system, submitted to five irrigation levels (40, 80, 120, 160 and 200% of the ETc) and four nitrogen fertilization doses (0, 75, 150 and 225 kg ha-1 of N). The interaction between irrigation depths and nitrogen doses was not significant, a justification for this is that the soil with moisture above the field capacity caused the leaching of large part of the nitrogen, and so, only the effects of the irrigation levels were analyzed, without unfolding. The highest values of canopy height (247.2 cm), leaf area index  (4.4 m2 m-2), number of grains per ear (635.0 grains), grain mass per ear (195.0 g) and agricultural yield (8.4 t ha-1) are obtained with irrigation levels equivalent to 160% of the ETc. The highest water use efficiency was 38.5 kg mm-1 obtained with total water depth of 172.4 mm (40% of the ETc).  Keywords: canopy height, number of grains per ear, grain mass per ear.

scholarly journals Yield and water use efficiency of cowpea under water deficit

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
Paulo J. O. P. Souza ◽  
Thaynara F. Ramos ◽  
Lucilene de C. S. Fiel ◽  
Vivian D. da S. Farias ◽  
Denis de P. Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Agricultural Planning ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
Use Efficiency

ABSTRACT The state of Pará is the main regional producer of cowpea, but its yield is still low compared to other states of the Northern region such as Amazonas and Tocantins, due to the management adopted and the water regime during the cycle, since its cultivation is conducted on a rainfed basis. The objective of this study was to evaluate how water deficit imposed during reproductive stage interferes in the yield of cowpea and in its water use efficiency under the climatic conditions of Castanhal, Pará, Brazil, for agricultural planning purposes. The experiment was carried out in Castanhal, northeastern region of the Pará state during the dry season of 2014, 2015 and 2016. The experimental design was randomized blocks with six blocks and four treatments, corresponding to different irrigation depths in the reproductive stage, defined as 100, 50, 25 and 0% of the crop evapotranspiration. Water use efficiency (WUE) was determined by the ratio between total grain yield and total water used in each treatment. Maximum water availability led to an average increase in yield of 58% compared to the treatment without irrigation. Water depths below 260 mm limited yield to values lower than 1,000 kg ha-1. The cultivar adopted had WUE of 4.63 kg ha-1 mm-1, in response to the higher levels of water supply, but showed WUE of 4.31 kg ha-1 mm-1 under water depth of 50% of water demand.

scholarly journals Plant and row spacing effects on soil water and yield of rainfed summer soybean in the northern China

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.B. Zhou ◽  
G.M. Yang ◽  
S.J. Sun ◽  
Y.H. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Water Resource ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Planting Pattern ◽  
The North ◽  
Spacing Effects ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Use Efficiency

Productivity and water resource-use efficiency are crucial issues in sustainable agriculture, especially in high-demand water resource crops such as soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. The aims of this research were to compare planting pattern in soybean, evaluating soil moisture content (SMC), yield and water use efficiency (WUE). A 2-year field experiment (2006–2007) was carried out in the north of China. The summer soybean (cv. Ludou 4) experiment consisted of 5 planting patterns under the same plant population density (3.09 × 105 plant/ha), and row spacing (cm) × plant spacing (cm) was 18 × 18 cm (A), 27 × 12 cm (B), 36 × 9 cm (C), 45 × 7.2 cm (D), 54 × 6 cm (E). The results showed that SMC and soil storage water (SSW) decreased with evapotranspiration (ETa) increments after reproductive growth stage, and there were remarkable differences between treatments with decreasing rainfall. SMC curve characteristics in the 0–0 cm soil profile were related to rain; the scope changes of shallow SMC were higher than those of deep SMC. The study revealed that yield and WUE had a negative correlation with row spacing, and they were statistically greater in narrow rows, which approximated equidistant plant spacings, compared to wider rows (P < 0.05). The study also indicates that enhanced productivity and WUE of rainfed summer soybean can be achieved via row spacing reduction and plant spacing widening under uniform planting density.

Effect of Planting Density on the Growth, Water Use Efficiency and Yield of Dry-farming Potato under Different Rainfall Year Types

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 1560
Author(s):  
Xian-Qing HOU ◽  
You-Wen NIU ◽  
Wen-Li WU ◽  
Jin-Peng XU ◽  
Long SHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Dry Farming

Effect of Water Depth on Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Nitrogen‐15 Balance in Lowland Rice 1

1987 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. De Datta ◽  
W. N. Obcemea ◽  
R. Y. Chen ◽  
J. C. Calabio ◽  
R. C. Evangelista
Keyword(s):  
Water Depth ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Lowland Rice ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Use Efficiency

scholarly journals Overexpression of MdATG8i improves water use efficiency in transgenic apple by modulating photosynthesis, osmotic balance, and autophagic activity under moderate water deficit

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Jia ◽  
Ke Mao ◽  
Ping Wang ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Xumei Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Moderate Drought ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Autophagic Activity

AbstractWater deficit is one of the major limiting factors for apple (Malus domestica) production on the Loess Plateau, a major apple cultivation area in China. The identification of genes related to the regulation of water use efficiency (WUE) is a crucial aspect of crop breeding programs. As a conserved degradation and recycling mechanism in eukaryotes, autophagy has been reported to participate in various stress responses. However, the relationship between autophagy and WUE regulation has not been explored. We have shown that a crucial autophagy protein in apple, MdATG8i, plays a role in improving salt tolerance. Here, we explored its biological function in response to long-term moderate drought stress. The results showed that MdATG8i-overexpressing (MdATG8i-OE) apple plants exhibited higher WUE than wild-type (WT) plants under long-term moderate drought conditions. Plant WUE can be increased by improving photosynthetic efficiency. Osmoregulation plays a critical role in plant stress resistance and adaptation. Under long-term drought conditions, the photosynthetic capacity and accumulation of sugar and amino acids were higher in MdATG8i-OE plants than in WT plants. The increased photosynthetic capacity in the OE plants could be attributed to their ability to maintain optimal stomatal aperture, organized chloroplasts, and strong antioxidant activity. MdATG8i overexpression also promoted autophagic activity, which was likely related to the changes described above. In summary, our results demonstrate that MdATG8i-OE apple lines exhibited higher WUE than WT under long-term moderate drought conditions because they maintained robust photosynthesis, effective osmotic adjustment processes, and strong autophagic activity.

scholarly journals Increase maize productivity and water use efficiency through application of potassium silicate under water stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Gomaa ◽  
Essam E. Kandil ◽  
Atef A. M. Zen El-Dein ◽  
Mamdouh E. M. Abou-Donia ◽  
Hayssam M. Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Potassium Silicate ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Maize Productivity ◽  
Use Efficiency

AbstractIn Egypt, water shortage has become a key limiting factor for agriculture. Water-deficit stress causes different morphological, physiological, and biochemical impacts on plants. Two field experiments were carried out at Etay El-Baroud Station, El-Beheira Governorate, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Egypt, to evaluate the effect of potassium silicate (K-silicate) of maize productivity and water use efficiency (WUE). A split-plot system in the four replications was used under three irrigation intervals during the 2017 and 2018 seasons. Whereas 10, 15, and 20 days irrigation intervals were allocated in main plots, while the three foliar application treatments of K-silicate (one spray at 40 days after sowing; two sprays at 40 and 60 days; and three sprays at 40, 60, and 80 days, and a control (water spray) were distributed in the subplots. All the treatments were distributed in 4 replicates. The results indicated that irrigation every 15 days gave the highest yield in both components and quality. The highly significant of (WUE) under irrigation every 20 days. Foliar spraying of K-silicate three times resulted in the highest yield. Even under water-deficit stress, irrigation every fifteen days combined with foliar application of K-silicate three times achieved the highest values of grain yield and its components. These results show that K-silicate treatment can increase WUE and produce high grain yield requiring less irrigation.

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