scholarly journals Plant and row spacing effects on soil water and yield of rainfed summer soybean in the northern China

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.B. Zhou ◽  
G.M. Yang ◽  
S.J. Sun ◽  
Y.H. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Water Resource ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Planting Pattern ◽  
The North ◽  
Spacing Effects ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Use Efficiency

Productivity and water resource-use efficiency are crucial issues in sustainable agriculture, especially in high-demand water resource crops such as soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. The aims of this research were to compare planting pattern in soybean, evaluating soil moisture content (SMC), yield and water use efficiency (WUE). A 2-year field experiment (2006–2007) was carried out in the north of China. The summer soybean (cv. Ludou 4) experiment consisted of 5 planting patterns under the same plant population density (3.09 × 105 plant/ha), and row spacing (cm) × plant spacing (cm) was 18 × 18 cm (A), 27 × 12 cm (B), 36 × 9 cm (C), 45 × 7.2 cm (D), 54 × 6 cm (E). The results showed that SMC and soil storage water (SSW) decreased with evapotranspiration (ETa) increments after reproductive growth stage, and there were remarkable differences between treatments with decreasing rainfall. SMC curve characteristics in the 0–0 cm soil profile were related to rain; the scope changes of shallow SMC were higher than those of deep SMC. The study revealed that yield and WUE had a negative correlation with row spacing, and they were statistically greater in narrow rows, which approximated equidistant plant spacings, compared to wider rows (P < 0.05). The study also indicates that enhanced productivity and WUE of rainfed summer soybean can be achieved via row spacing reduction and plant spacing widening under uniform planting density.

scholarly journals Effects of row spacing on soil water and water consumption of winter wheat under irrigated and rainfed conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.B. Zhou ◽  
Y.H. Chen ◽  
Z. Ouyang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Jointing Stage ◽  
High Yields

The results of two seasons' work on soil water content (SWC), evapotranspiration (ET), total dry matter (TDM), and harvest index (HI) of crops under different row spacing (RS), as well as possible ways to improve water utilization, have been reported. Field experiments were carried out at the Experimental Farm of Shandong Agricultural University (36°09'N, 117°09'E) in 2006–2007 and 2007–2008. Four types of RS were treated under two different water conditions (rainfed and irrigated) and set up in a randomized plot design. RS did not exhibit any obvious effects on SWC during the study period. SWC was enhanced evidently by irrigation, especially in the 10–60 cm soil layer. Irrigation increased the ET of crop. At the seeding-jointing stage, the ET of RS14 was significantly higher than those during other treatments (P < 0.05). Irrigation increased yields, ET, and TDM, while it decreased water use efficiency and HI. There were significantly negative correlations between TDM and RS (P < 0.05). The HI of the rainfed crop was higher than that of the irrigated crop. Results showed that high yields of wheat could be achieved in northern China by reducing RS under uniform planting density conditions.

scholarly journals Effect of planting density and row spacing on the yielding of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill)

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 616-623
Author(s):  
Janusz Prusiński ◽  
Radosław Nowicki
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Area Index ◽  
North Central ◽  
The North ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Growth Development

The paper presents the effect of planting density and row spacing on the growth, development and yield of soybean, cv. Merlin, under very diversified thermal and humidity conditions in the north-central part of Poland. The field experiment was performed in 2016–2019. Three planting densities were applied (70, 90 and 110 seeds per 1 m<sup>2</sup>) with two row spacing (16 and 32 cm), in 4 replications. Under good humidity and thermal conditions in 2016 and 2017, the yield of seeds and protein in soybean was 3.3 times higher than if exposed to extreme drought and accompanying high air temperatures in 2018 and 2019. The highly diversified thermal and humidity conditions also contributed to a significant decrease in the effect of the factors applied on the structural yield components, leaf area index and dry matter of nodules. As a result, no need of increasing soybean density was observed; along with row spacing, it should be chosen according to the region.  

scholarly journals Spacing between rows: effects on water-use efficiency of double-cropped wheat and soybean

2013 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. B. Zhou ◽  
Y. H. Chen ◽  
Z. Ouyang
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Net Return ◽  
Use Efficiency

SUMMARYProductivity and water resource usage efficiency are crucial issues in sustainable agriculture. The aims of the present research were to compare and evaluate the soil moisture content (SMC), evapotranspiration (ETa), yield, water-use efficiency (WUE), and net return of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] under different plant population distribution patterns and to identify the possible ways to improve water utilization. Using the same plant population for a given crop, the experiments consisted of four spacings between rows (row spacings) for winter wheat (cvar Shannong 919) under both rainfed and irrigated conditions and five row spacings for summer soybean (cvar Ludou 4) under rainfed conditions. For winter wheat, the stem number with row spacing of 49 cm was the lowest in all treatments. The SMC was enhanced by irrigation, particularly at the 10–40 cm depth. The yield and WUE were negatively correlated with row spacing and were greater with narrower row spacing than with wider rows. For soybean, SMC in uniform distribution (spacing between plants) treatments was greater at lower depths than at shallower depths for each row spacing treatment. A high yield, WUE and net return of winter wheat and soybean can be achieved with narrower row spacing. Combining winter wheat row spacing of 14 cm with soybean row spacing of 18 cm and soybean row spacing of 27 cm is a highly suitable planting system for the plains of Northern China.

Influence of planting pattern with rainwater harvesting and row spacing on yield and water use efficiency of wheat

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 914-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan-Hu CUI ◽  
Juan-Ling WANG ◽  
Hua JING ◽  
Yu-Zhi WANG ◽  
Ai-Ping MA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Planting Pattern ◽  
Use Efficiency

scholarly journals Yield Response of Watermelon to Planting Density, Planting Pattern, and Polyethylene Mulch

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1221-1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas C. Sanders ◽  
Jennifer D. Cure ◽  
Jonathan R. Schultheis
Keyword(s):  
Planting Density ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Planting Pattern ◽  
Polyethylene Mulch ◽  
Economical Alternative ◽  
Drip Fertigation

One or two plants per hill of `Prince Charles' and `Royal Jubilee' watermelon were grown with drip fertigation at five in-row spacings, with or without polyethylene mulch, in four location × year combinations (environments). Rows were 1.5 m apart and in-row spacings were 45, 60, 90, 120, and 150 cm. `Royal Jubilee' yielded more than `Prince Charles' in all environments, and the highest yields were associated with low percent culls and high fruit numbers per hectare. Highest yields of marketable fruits (≥4.5 kg/melon) were obtained using polyethylene mulch and areas per plant between 0.4 and 0.9 m2. Average weight per melon, however, was ≥9 kg only at areas per plant >0.9 to 1.0 m2. Unless there is a market for small fruits (≥4.5–9 kg), optimum area per plant was ≈1.0 m2. Results for one plant per hill at one in-row spacing were similar to those for the alternative planting pattern of two plants per hill at half the in-row spacing, thus supporting the feasibility of using the more economical alternative planting pattern.

Row spacing and irrigation effects on water consumption of winter wheat in Taian, China

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xun-Bo Zhou ◽  
Quan-Qi Li ◽  
Shun-Zhang Yu ◽  
Wei Wu ◽  
Yu-Hai Chen
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Planting Pattern ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Narrow Row

Management practices can have a major impact on the successful production of winter cereals. A field experiment was conducted with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) to compare the effects of two row spacing planting patterns (row width set at 30 cm, 30; or row widths set at a narrow row of 20 cm and a wide row of 40 cm, 20 + 40) and four irrigation schedules (no irrigation, T0; irrigation given at stem elongation stage, T1; at stem elongation and heading stage, T2; at stem elongation, heading and milk stage, T3) on yield, water use efficiency (WUE), evapotranspiration (ET) and soil water content (SWC) for the 2003/2004 and 2004/2005 seasons at Taian, Shandong Province, China. Mean soil daily evaporation (Es) was greater in the wide row than the narrow row, and resulted in decreased SWC in the wide row. For the same irrigation treatment, no significant differences in changes of SWC and yield were found between the row-spacing planting patterns in either season. Differences in ET were found in 2005 with ET from the T0 treatment being much lower than the irrigated treatments for both planting patterns. During the cropping season in 2005, WUE of the T3 treatment was lower than from the T1 and T0 treatments at the same planting patterns. The WUE of the 20 + 40 planting pattern was lower than that of the 30 planting pattern with the same irrigation schedule, perhaps due to elevated levels of evaporation from the soil beneath the canopy and decreased yields for the 20 + 40 planting pattern. Therefore, based on WUE, the effect of the 30 planting pattern was better than that of the 20 + 40. Key words: Planting pattern, soil water content, evapotranspiration, water use efficiency, grain yield, Triticum aestivum

EFFECTS OF SOYBEAN LEAFLET TYPE ON NET CARBON DIOXIDE EXCHANGE, WATER USE, AND WATER-USE EFFICIENCY

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. K. HIEBSCH ◽  
E. T. KANEMASU ◽  
C. D. NICKELL
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Exchange ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Gas Analyzer ◽  
Neutron Attenuation ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Infrared Gas Analyzer

Two near-isogenic soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) lines with normal and narrow leaflets were compared in the field for differences in net carbon dioxide exchange rates, water use, and water-use efficiency with various combinations of population and row spacing. Net carbon dioxide exchange was determined with an open field chamber system and infrared gas analyzer. Water use was estimated from neutron attenuation readings and precipitation. Leaflet type did not significantly affect net carbon dioxide exchange, water use, or yield. Water-use efficiency was only affected at 53 plants/m2 in 38-cm rows, with greater efficiency for the narrow-leaflet cultivar.

scholarly journals PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF MAIZE CROP IRRIGATED WITH AND WITHOUT WATER DEFICIT IN DIFFERENT PLANT ARRANGEMENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
MARCUS WILLAM LOPES CARVALHO ◽  
EDSON ALVES BASTOS ◽  
MILTON JOSÉ CARDOSO ◽  
ADERSON SOARES DE ANDRADE JÚNIOR ◽  
MARCELO RIBEIRO SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Sprinkler System ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Maximum Point ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Use Efficiency

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of row spacing and planting density, under different water regimes, on dry grain production of the maize hybrid AG -1051, in Teresina, Piauí. Two experiments were conducted with the use of a conventional sprinkler system for irrigation, being one with 100% and the other with 50% crop evapotranspiration (ETc) replacement. A randomized block experimental design was used, in a 5x2 factorial scheme, combining five planting densities (PD) (20,000; 40,000; 60,000; 80,000; and 100,000 plants ha-1) and two spacings between rows (RS) (0.5 and 1.0 m), with four replications. The weight of 100 grains, cob percentage, grain yield, and water use efficiency were evaluated. The increment of planting density caused a linear decrease in the 100-grain weight and increment of the cob percentage in relation to the total ear weight. Under full irrigation regime, the combination of the 0.5 m row spacing and planting density of 72,000 plants ha-1 provided maximum yield of 7.2 Mg ha-1. Under water deficit condition, the maximum yield of 4.8 Mg ha-1 was reached in the combination of the 0.5 m row spacing and planting density of 67,000 plants ha-1..The total water depth of 419 mm provided maximum WUE of 1.70 kg m-3. The total water depth of 268 mm caused a reduction in WUE with maximum point of 1.54 kg m-3.

Effect of Planting Density on the Growth, Water Use Efficiency and Yield of Dry-farming Potato under Different Rainfall Year Types

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 1560
Author(s):  
Xian-Qing HOU ◽  
You-Wen NIU ◽  
Wen-Li WU ◽  
Jin-Peng XU ◽  
Long SHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Dry Farming
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