scholarly journals Efficacy of Rose Bengal in comparison with Toluidine Blue in detection of potentially malignant lesions: a preliminary study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (03) ◽  
pp. 4365-4369
Author(s):  
Dr. Anisha R Yaji ◽  
Dr.Sushmini Hegde
Keyword(s):  
Toluidine Blue ◽  
Rose Bengal ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Diagnostic Efficiency ◽  
Initial Examination ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Early Management ◽  
Potentially Malignant ◽  
The Difference

Introduction: Oral cancer is usually diagnosed when it becomes symptomatic and approximately two thirds of the patients present with the advanced disease, regional metastasis and consequently poor prognosis. The risk of development of carcinoma within an area of premalignant lesion is 5 times higher than in those without lesion. Malignant transformation has been reported in 43% of dysplastic leukoplakia cases. It is therefore important to identify these lesions early, for early management. Aim: To compare the diagnostic efficiency of Rose Bengal (RB) with Toluidine blue (TB) in detecting the biopsy sites and thus establish an accurate diagnosis in detecting oral potentially malignant disorders.  Materials And Methods: In our study 27 patients with 41 lesions were included. Since one patient had not quit the habit in the two weeks following initial examination and another patient lesion disappeared in the waiting period, 2 patients (3 lesions) were not included in the study. After initial examination they were subjected to Rose Bengal and Toluidine blue stain. Positively stained lesions were subjected to biopsy and assessed for dysplasia. All the data were tabulated and statistically analysed in SPSS software version v.22.IBM, corp. Chi square test was done to compare the difference between two stains. Results: When compared with TB staining RB showed 100% Sensitivity, 90% specificity, 96.6% positive predictive value and 100% negative predictive value. Conclusion: Based on the results and other observations made during the study it could be suggested that RB could be used as an alternative to TB clinically. Further studies with large samples are recommended to support the evidence of this study.

scholarly journals The use of the milk ring test and rose bengal test in brucellosis control and eradication in Nigeria

2008 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.I.B. Cadmus ◽  
H.K. Adesokan ◽  
J. Stack
Keyword(s):  
Rose Bengal ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Ring Test ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Rose Bengal Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Control And Eradication ◽  
Milk Ring Test

In this study, milk and blood samples collected simultaneously from 532 trade cows to be slaughtered at Bodija abattoir, Ibadan (southwestern, Nigeria) were examined for antibodies to Brucella using the milk ring test (MRT) and the rose bengal test (RBT). Overall, 18.61%of the milk samples were positive according to the MRT, while 9.77 % of the serum samples were positive according to the RBT. The difference was highly significant (Chi-square value 16.33; P<0.05); only 32 (6.02 %) of the samples were positive for both tests. The Red Bororo breed of cattle and the White Fulani had the highest positive rates, namely 20.93 % and 11.69%for the MRT and RBT respectively.No conclusion can be drawn about sensitivity because we do not know the true status of the animals tested. It is, however, obvious that although the MRT and RBT are 1st-line screening tests for brucellosis in cows in some countries, their lack of specificity is of concern. Therefore, the requirement for other confirmatory tests that are more specific should be considered for control and eradication of the disease, especially in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Costs incurred by patients with oral potentially malignant disorders: is there a public health need for financial protection in India?

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay R. Patel ◽  
Mihir P. Rupani
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Medical Costs ◽  
Private Provider ◽  
Financial Protection ◽  
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Early Management ◽  
Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Protection Mechanisms ◽  
Potentially Malignant

Abstract Objectives Financial protection mechanisms are in place to overcome the costs of a few diseases in India. Our objective was to estimate the costs incurred due to Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMD) and to determine predictors of such costs. Results We found that the median (Interquartile range IQR) total costs of OPMD was Indian Rupees (INR) 500 (350–750), direct medical costs was INR 0 (0–50), direct non-medical costs was INR 150 (40–200) and indirect costs was INR 350 (250–500). The travel cost to attend the health facilities [INR 100 (40–150)] and the patient’s loss of wages [INR 200 (150–400)] mainly accounted for the direct non-medical and indirect costs respectively. The median expenditure on smokeless and smoking forms of tobacco was INR 6000 (5400–7200) and INR 2400 (1800–3600) respectively. On multiple linear regression analysis, rural residence, belonging to below poverty line family, being a sole earner in the family, number of months since diagnosis and first visit at a private provider were found to be the significant predictors of total costs of OPMD. Financial protection mechanisms are needed for covering the direct non-medical and indirect costs. Early management of OPMD might mitigate the costs of OPMD.

scholarly journals Combination of Cytopathology and DNA Ploidy Increases the Performance of Oral Epithelial Dysplasia Prediction in Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 69s-69s
Author(s):  
Z.B.A. Karim ◽  
T.G. Kallarakkal ◽  
R. Amtha ◽  
M.V. Guledgud ◽  
A. Telang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Dna Ploidy ◽  
Epithelial Dysplasia ◽  
Youden Index ◽  
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Oral Epithelial Dysplasia ◽  
Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Potentially Malignant ◽  
Oral Epithelial

Background: Grading of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) by a pathologist is currently the key guide used for treatment planning of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). Conventional oral examination (COE) clinically detects OPMDs but may not predict their risk status to transform to cancer. Therefore, there is a need for a reliable test to predict OED in OPMDs. Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate COE, liquid based cytology (Cytopath) and DNA image cytometry (Ploidy) in predicting OED in OPMDs. Methods: A total of 179 patients from Malaysia, India and Indonesia underwent COE followed by brush biopsies and scalpel biopsies. Brush-biopsy samples were analyzed for cytopathology and DNA ploidy at Dental Faculty, University of Malaya. Histopathological findings of presence/absence of OED were used as the reference standard. Calculations for sensitivity (Sn), specificity (Sp), positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy (A) were done for individual tools and in combinations. The Youden index (Sn+Sp-1) was used as a measure of overall performance. The relevant medical ethics committees of the different research locations approved the study. Results: For COE, the sensitivity (Sn) was high (100%) and the specificity (Sp) was low (5.9%), while both Cytopath and Ploidy showed a low sensitivity (Sn) (28.6% and 22.2%) and high specificity (Sp) (94.3% and 82.3%). All 3 tools individually have high negative predictive value (NPV) for predicting presence of OED (COE-100%, Cytopath-66.7%, Ploidy-78.5%). When combining outcomes from all 3 tools, the best performance indicated by Youden index (42.1) is which defines a positive case when both COE and Cytopath show abnormal. In general, using results from at least 2 tools had better Youden indices than using these tools individually. Conclusion: COE as a screening tool by virtue of its high Sn would be a suitable first level diagnostic test, while the Cytopath and the Ploidy individually with high Sp may be used as a second level test to predict presence of OED. Combining the COE with cytopathology would be the best combination for a high performance of the tools. Cytopathology (when performed by a trained cytologist) would allow for most of the false positives from the first level test to be correctly identified as true negative at the second level. Longitudinal data are needed to assess which of these may correctly identify the malignant potential of OPMDs. Acknowledgment: Grant: High Impact Research - Ministry of Higher Education (HIR-MOHE UM000025/C3)

scholarly journals May VelScope Be Deemed an Opportunistic Oral Cancer Screening by General Dentists? A Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Leuci ◽  
Noemi Coppola ◽  
Anna Turkina ◽  
Maria Eleonora Bizzoca ◽  
Gianfranco Favia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Potentially Malignant ◽  
General Dentists ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Histopathological Results ◽  
General Dentist

Early diagnosis of oral cancer through visual inspection followed by histopathological confirmation is a pivotal step for reducing rates of morbidity and mortality. There are several auxiliary devices used to improve oral examination. The purpose of this cross-sectional pilot study is to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the Visually Enhance Lesion Scope (VelScope) system when it is used by the general dentist after a yearly oral medicine training. Thirty-five patients with oral lesions were evaluated with clinical and VelScope examination by two general dentists, one of which trained with a specific course. A comparison of the histopathological results, clinical examination, and VelScope made by both dentists was performed through statistical analysis. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for detecting oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) are 53.3%, 65%, 53.3%, 76.5% for unskilled dentist, 73.3%, 65%, 61.1%, 76.5% for skilled clinician. When both examiners use VelScope the values are 53.3%, 70%, 57.1%, 66.7% for unskilled general dentist (u-GD), 86.7%, 90%, 86.7%, 90% for skilled general dentist (s-GD). Improvement of a skilled general dentist for detecting malignancies is higher than inexperienced examiner when using VelScope. VelScope alone is unable to improve the general dentist’s ability to detect malignancies, but it could be a useful adjunctive device for clinicians when a focused training program is performed.

Abstract 2840: Aspect Score: DWI or CT Scan, Which One Is Better Marker For Stroke Morbidity And Outcome?

Stroke ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj Mittal ◽  
Raymond Seet ◽  
Zhang Yi ◽  
Alejandro Rabinstein
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Good Outcome ◽  
The Difference

Background and Objective The Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) is a validated grading system to assess ischemic changes on CT in acute ischemic stroke. Magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) sequence is commonly used to identify the final ischemic changes. We examined the difference between the relationship of NIHSS at admission and ASPECT score calculated using CT scan versus MRI DWI sequence. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from 99 cases of acute ischemic stroke treated with IV rt-PA by time criteria, admitted to Mayo Clinic from March, 2002 through June, 2011. CT head at 24 hours and MRI DWI sequence were used to assign ASPECT score. We dichotomized ASPECTS (categorized as 0 to 7 versus 8 to 10) and favorable patient outcome at 3 month (modified Rankin score less than equal to 2 and more than 2). Univariate analysis including t-test, Chi-square, and Fisher Exact test was used when appropriate. Results Mean age was 70±14 years. Mean admission NIHSS score was 8±4. DWI ASPECTS (p<0.001) and CT ASPECTS (p=0.127) were inversely associated with admission NIHSS. Higher (8-10) CT ASPECTS (p=0.001) or DWI ASPECTS (p=0.002) were associated with good outcome (mRS ≤2) at 3 months. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for good outcome identified by CT ASPECTS versus DWI ASPECTS were 81% vs 52%, 54% vs 54%, 83% vs 59% and 50% vs 47% respectively. Conclusion CT and MRI DWI are comparably useful to calculate the ASPECTS for estimation of functional outcome, but CT scan at 24 hours may be more sensitive for the prediction of good recovery.

scholarly journals Association Between the FCYRIIIA-158V-F Polymorphism and Periodontitis

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Jorge González Quesada DDS, MSc ◽  
Rodrigo Vidal Soto Phd ◽  
Patricio Fuentes Zuleta DDS, MSc
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Aggressive Periodontitis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Clinical Expression ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Severe Periodontitis ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

The multifactorial etiology of periodontitis is recognized, where genetic and environmental factors interact to produce the disease and modify its clinical expression The aim of this study is to determine the association between the presence of the polymorphism for IgG subclass III A receptor (FCYRIIIA-158V-F) and severe periodontitis. Materials and Methods: The study sample was composed of 150 patients: 32 patients with aggressive periodontitis, 71 patients with chronic periodontitis, and 47 clinically healthy volunteers without periodontitis. Peripheral blood samples, approximately 20μl, were obtained. DNA extraction was carried out from the FTAelute micro-cards. The selected polymorphisms were amplified by PCR. Results: The genotypic frequencies of the three groups evaluated met the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (Chi-square test, p-value> 0.05, 95% CI). The difference between the periodontitis (chronic and aggressive peridontitis) group and the group of healthy individuals was statistically significant for the presence of the T allele (p≤0.004), with an OR of 4.03 (95% CI), the sensitivity to 93% and specificity to 23%, with a positive predictive value of 72% and a negative predictive value of 61%. Conclusions: A statistically significant association was found between the presence of the T allele in the polymorphism of FCYRIIIA-158V-F and the diseased condition (periodontitis group), suggesting that the T allele possesses a higher probability of developing severe periodontitis. Due to the importance of identifying subjects susceptible to periodontitis we recommend further studies.

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