scholarly journals The use of the milk ring test and rose bengal test in brucellosis control and eradication in Nigeria

2008 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.I.B. Cadmus ◽  
H.K. Adesokan ◽  
J. Stack
Keyword(s):  
Rose Bengal ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Ring Test ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Rose Bengal Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Control And Eradication ◽  
Milk Ring Test

In this study, milk and blood samples collected simultaneously from 532 trade cows to be slaughtered at Bodija abattoir, Ibadan (southwestern, Nigeria) were examined for antibodies to Brucella using the milk ring test (MRT) and the rose bengal test (RBT). Overall, 18.61%of the milk samples were positive according to the MRT, while 9.77 % of the serum samples were positive according to the RBT. The difference was highly significant (Chi-square value 16.33; P<0.05); only 32 (6.02 %) of the samples were positive for both tests. The Red Bororo breed of cattle and the White Fulani had the highest positive rates, namely 20.93 % and 11.69%for the MRT and RBT respectively.No conclusion can be drawn about sensitivity because we do not know the true status of the animals tested. It is, however, obvious that although the MRT and RBT are 1st-line screening tests for brucellosis in cows in some countries, their lack of specificity is of concern. Therefore, the requirement for other confirmatory tests that are more specific should be considered for control and eradication of the disease, especially in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Brucellosis in Dairy Cattle in Organized and Smallholder Farms in Some Selected Areas of Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-171
Author(s):  
MAS Sarker ◽  
MS Rahman ◽  
MT Islam ◽  
AKMA Rahman ◽  
MB Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Ring Test ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Smallholder Farms ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Confirmatory Tests

Brucellosis causes a great economic loss to the livestock industries through abortion, infertility,birth of weak and dead offspring, increased calving interval and reduction of milk yield and it is endemic in Bangladesh. In this study we collected milk and blood samples simultaneously from533 cows of Central Cattle Breeding and Dairy Farm, Savar, Dhaka and different Upazilas of Gaibandha and Mymensingh District. Five hundred thirty three samples were examined for antibodies to Brucella using the Milk Ring Test (MRT) and Rose Bengal Test (RBT). Overall 2.62 % of milk samples were positive according to MRT, while2.06 % of the serum samples were positive to the RBT. Only 6 (1.13 %) of the samples were positive for both test (MRT and RBT). Out of 312 samples only 10 (3.20 %) were positive to MRT while 8(2.06%) were positive to RBT in Holstein Friesian cross (p>0.05) on the other hand out of 221 samples only 4 (1.80%) were positive to MRT while 3(1.35%) were positive to RBT in Sahiwal cross. The prevalence of brucellosis was significantly higher in the age group of > 5 years than other age groups (p?0.01) on both test (MRT 2.75%and RBT 2.25%).Based on parity, significantly higher prevalence (MRT 2.93% and RBT 2.44%) of MRT and RBT were obtainedin parity 3-5in comparison to other parity group (p?0.01). It is, however, obvious that although the MRT is 1st-line screening tests for brucellosis in cows in some countries, their lack of specificity is of concern. Therefore, the requirement for other confirmatory tests that are more specific should be used for the diagnosis of the disease, especially in Bangladesh.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v12i2.21280 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2014). 12 (2): 167-171 

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and Molecular Epidemiosurveillance of Brucellosis in Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Usman Waheed ◽  
Zargham Nawaz Butt ◽  
Waqas O. Ashraf ◽  
Qaiser Mahmood Khan
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Disease Prevalence ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Ring Test ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
Milk Ring Test

ObjectiveTo detect the presence of brucella in serum samples of occupationally exposed human and animals by conventional screening methods.To perform epidemiosurvelliance of brucella molecular based tests including genus and species specific PCR.To check the brucella prevalence in occupationally exposed human.IntroductionLivestock sector contributes more than 58% to agriculture-based economy of Pakistan. Diseases of socio-economic importance are posing an enormous pressure to the growth of this sector. Zoonotic diseases are generally neglected in wake of epizootics having epidemic potential. One Health is a multi-sectoral approach to control zoonotic diseases at animal level to mitigate risk of transfer to the humans and environment. Despite various control programs, zoonosis is known to cause public health emergencies at various regional and national levels. OIE declared brucellosis as a model bacterial disease to control zoonosis in developing countries. Genus Brucella is expanding with its discovery in various amphibian species and marine mammals and demands control efforts at various levels. Reporting of zoonosis is less than actual prevalence in third world countries like Pakistan where disease is considered endemic but no official data is available. In this study, brucellosis was used as a model disease to emphasize the significance of One Health.MethodsIn total, 183 occupationally exposed human and 324 animal blood samples were collected from five different geographical areas of Punjab and one region from KP. For detection of brucells, rose bangal plate test (RBPT) and cELISA were carried out on serum samples. For molecular epidemiosurveillance genus specific PCR BCSP31 and specie specific PCR IS711 were conducted. Fifty-seven milk samples as environmental samples were aslo collected. For the testing of milk for the detection of brucella, Milk Ring Test (MRT) was applied.ResultsSerologically in animals 26(8%) samples were found positive by RBPT & 31(9%) by cELISA. Disease was detected in 42(13%) & 59(18%) samples by applying molecular methods using genus specific PCR BCSP31 & specie specific PCR IS711. Disease was recorded in humans as 16(8%), 24(13%), 33(18%), 56(30%) by RBPT, cELISA, PCR BCSP31 & PCR IS711, respectively. Out of 57 milk samples collected from different areas were tested by Milk Ring Test (MRT) & 12(21%) samples were found positive.ConclusionsIt is a significant finding that raw milk is a constant source of disease exposure to farmers, milking men and general users. Disease prevalence was more in people associated with milking activities possibly due to use of raw milk. This study validate the prevalence of brucellosis in Pakistan with significant presence of disease in occupationally exposed individuals emphasizing the close collaboration between veterinary and human health sectors. This study will broaden our knowledge of disease prevalence and epidemiology in Pakistan. The data produced from this study will help in future control and eradication of this important zoonosis using one health approach. 

scholarly journals The Use Of Alternative Stain In Rose Bengal Test Antigen Preparation Which Specific For Brucellosis.

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
Erada A .J . Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Serum Sample ◽  
Rose Bengal ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Antigen Preparation ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Rose Bengal Test ◽  
The Rose ◽  
Food Colours ◽  
Standard Tests

The Rose Bengal test is one of the famous diagnostic test of Brucellosisspecially as a screening test in order to detect the infection in limited area.Rose Bengal standard stain which producd by specific companies was used inpreparation of the test special antigen , The stain gives the known pink colourfor the antigen during the test that make the agglutination in positive cases morevisible due to the reaction between antigen and the specific antibodies ofBrucella which found in the serum sample of human and different animals.Antigen for the Rose Bengal test in this study is prepared by using alternativestain easily found in local supermarkets using for food colours and notexpensive like standard stain. All standard tests were down for the stain like thecolour ,pH, stability are same for two stains until the date of expire of antigen.The antigen prepared with alternative stain was used in comparative with theantigen prepared with standard stain for testing serum samples of human anddifferent animals, the results deal no significant different statistically betweenthem that means as a result we can prepare antigen more easily and notexpensive.

scholarly journals BACTERIOLOGICAL & SEROLOGICAL STUDY OF BRUCELLOSIS IN BUFFALO IN BAGHDAD

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
S. A. Al-Bayatti
Keyword(s):  
Rose Bengal ◽  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Ring Test ◽  
Serological Study ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Milk Ring Test

To study the prevalence of brucellosis among buffalo in Baghdad, 144serum samples were collected and tested serologically using Rose Bengal PlateTest (RBPT) and Tube Agglutination Test (TAT), also 44 milk samples testedby Milk Ring Test (MRT). For isolation and identification of Brucella speciesand behavior, 15 buffalo aborted fetuses were used. And for evaluation of thehealth hazzard caused by the consumption of the locally manufactured creamfrom the milk of buffalo, 76 cream samples were used for cultivation.The results of the RBPT, TAT and MRT revealed the prevalence of thedisease in the percentages (38.19%, 29.86% and 20.45%) respectively.It was found that Brucella abortus was the main cause of abortion in thebuffalo (53.33%). There biotypes were the 8th and 3rd.The cream samples manufactured from the milk of buffalo doesn’t showhealth hazzard as a cause of brucellosis in human, because it didn’t revealed anyBrucella isolates in all samples used.

scholarly journals A Novel Evidence of Immunological and Molecular Detection of Brucella Species in Camels

2021 ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
Kavitha Manivannan ◽  
Malathi Ramasamy ◽  
Hanaa Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Rose Bengal ◽  
Protein Gene ◽  
Ring Test ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Brucella Species ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Dromedary Camels ◽  
Brucella Infection ◽  
Immunological Assays ◽  
Milk Ring Test

Objectives: Brucellosis is a zoonosis with severe complications for both humans and animals. In this work, we intended to examine the Brucella infection in dromedary camels in Qatar by using different analysis. Materials and Methods: A total of 203 samples of dromedary camels were randomly collected from the nearby farms in Qatar. Real-time PCR for the genus specific Brucella cell surface salt extractable bcsp31 kDa protein gene were performed on DNA extracted from camel samples. Rose Bengal and rivenol tests were performed to detect the Brucella species. The milk samples were collected from the camels and utilized for the milk ring test. Results: The outcomes of RT-PCR analysis illustrate the presence of Brucella spp. in 170 samples (83.74%) out of 203 samples. The findings of immunological assays also proved the presence of Brucella spp. such as Rose Bengal (67.14%), ELISA (71.42%), and precipitation assay (65.71) in both serum and blood samples of the dromedary camels, which were collected from the Qatar. Conclusions: In conclusion, it was clear that the incidence of the brucellosis in camels is significantly rising in Qatar region and there is a need to control the spread of the disease from camels to camels as well as from camels to humans.

scholarly journals RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH PREVALENCE OF BRUCELLOSIS IN BLACK BENGAL GOATS IN BANGLADESH

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Islam ◽  
MA Samad ◽  
AKMA Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Ring Test ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Milk Ring Test

A total of 242 milk and 208 blood samples of goat were collected from three organized goat farms and surrounding rural areas of Bangladesh Agricultural University to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of brucellosis in Black Bengal goats during the period from December 2008 to September 2009. Milk samples were screened by Milk Ring Test (MRT) and serum samples by Rose Bengal test (RBT) and Micro Agglutination Test (MAT) for detection of brucella specific antibody in milk and blood respectively. The overall prevalence was recorded as 13.64% in milk by MRT; 3.85% and 3.37% in serum by RBT and MAT respectively. About 21.21(7/33) % and18.18 (6/33) % of MRT positive goat showed positive reactions in RBT and MAT respectively. Does aged up to 4 years had lower prevalence (3.70%) of brucellosis than those aged over 4 years (12.50%). About 2.1 (odds ratio, OR = 2.1; 95% CI: 1.21- 4.53) and 47.1(OR = 47.1; 95% CI: 5.3- 416.6) folds increased odds of seropositivity of brucellosis were observed in aborted and placental retention cases respectively. Significantly (p<0.05) higher prevalence of brucellosis was recorded at late lactation stage (17.94%) than those were in mid (16%) and early lactation stage (11.76%). A significantly higher odds of seropositivity of brucellosis was observed in does (OR = 23; 95% CI: 3.08- 173.62). About 7 folds (OR = 6.8; 95% CI: 1.13- 5.32) increased odds of seropositivity was observed in pregnant does.DOI = http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v8i2.11198 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2010). 8 (2) : 141-147 

scholarly journals Efficacy of Rose Bengal in comparison with Toluidine Blue in detection of potentially malignant lesions: a preliminary study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (03) ◽  
pp. 4365-4369
Author(s):  
Dr. Anisha R Yaji ◽  
Dr.Sushmini Hegde
Keyword(s):  
Toluidine Blue ◽  
Rose Bengal ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Diagnostic Efficiency ◽  
Initial Examination ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Early Management ◽  
Potentially Malignant ◽  
The Difference

Introduction: Oral cancer is usually diagnosed when it becomes symptomatic and approximately two thirds of the patients present with the advanced disease, regional metastasis and consequently poor prognosis. The risk of development of carcinoma within an area of premalignant lesion is 5 times higher than in those without lesion. Malignant transformation has been reported in 43% of dysplastic leukoplakia cases. It is therefore important to identify these lesions early, for early management. Aim: To compare the diagnostic efficiency of Rose Bengal (RB) with Toluidine blue (TB) in detecting the biopsy sites and thus establish an accurate diagnosis in detecting oral potentially malignant disorders.  Materials And Methods: In our study 27 patients with 41 lesions were included. Since one patient had not quit the habit in the two weeks following initial examination and another patient lesion disappeared in the waiting period, 2 patients (3 lesions) were not included in the study. After initial examination they were subjected to Rose Bengal and Toluidine blue stain. Positively stained lesions were subjected to biopsy and assessed for dysplasia. All the data were tabulated and statistically analysed in SPSS software version v.22.IBM, corp. Chi square test was done to compare the difference between two stains. Results: When compared with TB staining RB showed 100% Sensitivity, 90% specificity, 96.6% positive predictive value and 100% negative predictive value. Conclusion: Based on the results and other observations made during the study it could be suggested that RB could be used as an alternative to TB clinically. Further studies with large samples are recommended to support the evidence of this study.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and Real-time PCR Detection of Brucellosis in Abattoirs Animals as a Potential Route of Infection in Egypt

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amira Mohamed Zakaria ◽  
Salwa F. Ahmed ◽  
Mohamed S. Motawae
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Rose Bengal ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Rose Bengal Test

Brucellosis is among the most common and economically serious zoonosis worldwide. Brucellosis in Egypt is an endemic problem among animals and humans. This work intended to evaluate the conventional serological and molecular approaches as a tool for studying the prevalence of brucellosis within abattoir’s animals in two large Egyptian provinces.  Two hundred and thirty (n=230) blood and serum samples were collected  from (2-3) years male calves in two Egyptian abattoirs. Rose Bengal  test (RBT) and modified in-house ELISA were  applied  to determine the seroprevalence of  Brucellosis  in abattoirs animals while quantitative Taqman real-time PCRs (RT-PCR) were implemented for the characterization of Brucella species. The overall prevalence of brucellosis  in the two proveinces was (53.9 %) , (75.2 %) and (79.1 %) as determined by ELISA ,RBT and RT- PCR assays respectively. Brucella DNA was successfully amplified from serum samples as well as blood. A total of n= 182 samples (79.1 %) were identified by real time PCR amplification for IS711 gene as Brucella genus, n= 118 (64.8 %) were reported as B. aborts while n= 85 (46.7 %) were reported as B. melitensis. N= 44 (24.17 %) from the collected samples comprised the two species of bacteria. This study endorses the application of rose Bengal test as a sensitive and cost effective  serological test for brucellosis and real-time PCR as a distinguishing tool to detect the causative agents. Our findings indicate a significantly high prevalence of Brucella  antibodies and DNA in blood and serum samples  which poses a crucial  threat to public health in Egypt.  

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