scholarly journals Exploring Australian pharmacists’ perceptions and attitudes toward codeine up-scheduling from over-the-counter to prescription only

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 1904
Author(s):  
Melanie McKenzie ◽  
Jacinta Johnson ◽  
Karen Anderson ◽  
Richard Summers ◽  
Pene Wood
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Pharmacy Practice ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Change Perceptions ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
The Impact

Objective: Explore the perceptions, attitudes and experiences of pharmacists relating to the up-scheduling of low dose codeine containing analgesics and the impact on pharmacy practice. Methods: A mixed design method was used consisting of an anonymous online questionnaire survey to quantitatively capture broad pre-scheduling change perceptions paired with a series of in-depth post-scheduling semi-structured interviews to provide a qualitative picture of the impact of codeine up-scheduling on pharmacy practice in Australia. Results: A total of 191 pharmacists completed the quantitative survey and 10 participated in the in-depth interview. The majority of respondents supported the decision to up-schedule over-the-counter combination products containing codeine to some degree. Three main themes emerged from the data: pharmacists’ perceptions of the codeine up-scheduling decision, preparing for the up-schedule and impact of the up-schedule on pharmacy practice. Pharmacists were concerned about the impact of up-scheduling on the pharmacy business, patient access to pain relief and the diminishment of their professional role. Conclusions: There were diverse perceptions, preparedness and impact on practice regarding the up-scheduling of low dose codeine products. Further research should be conducted to gauge if and how these perceptions have changed over time and to identify whether pain is being managed more effectively post codeine up-scheduling.

scholarly journals Exploring the impact of ineligibility on individuals expressing interest in a trial aimed at improving daily functioning regarding perceptions of self, research and likelihood of future participation

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher P. Dwyer ◽  
Helen McAneney ◽  
Fionnuala M. Rogers ◽  
Robert Joyce ◽  
Sinéad M. Hynes
Keyword(s):  
Daily Functioning ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Change Perceptions ◽  
Emotional Outcomes ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
Helping Others ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Research Studies

Abstract Background Eligibility guidelines in research trials are necessary to minimise confounds and reduce bias in the interpretation of potential treatment effects. There is limited extant research investigating how being deemed ineligible for such trials might impact patients’ perceptions of themselves and of research. Better understanding of the impact of patient ineligibility could enhance design and implementation of future research studies. Methods Eight semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted to explore the impact of ineligibility on self-perceptions; perceptions regarding the nature of research; and the likelihood of expressing interest in future research. Data were collected and analysed thematically through inductive, interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA). Results Five themes emerged regarding the experience of being deemed ineligible: (1) Being deemed ineligible is emotion and reaction evoking; (2) ‘Doing your bit’: Helping others and increasing the value of research; (3) Communication of ineligibility; (4) Appreciation for those who express interest; and (5) Subsequent perceptions and attitudes towards research. Conclusions The results suggest that being deemed ineligible can elicit negative emotional outcomes but is not likely to change perceptions of or attitudes towards research, possibly due to a desire to help similar others. Ineligibility can impact future participation in some cases, thus reducing the recruitment pool for subsequent research studies. Recommendations are provided to help minimise this risk. Advising of ineligibility in a personal way is recommended: with enhanced clarity regarding the reasoning behind the decision; providing opportunities to ask questions; and ensuring that appreciation for the patient’s time and interest are communicated.

scholarly journals The impact of leadership on the professional development of teachers in complementary schools

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 141-148
Author(s):  
Ana Souza ◽  
Linet Arthur
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Teaching Assistants ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Social Unit ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Professional Development Of Teachers ◽  
Group Interviews ◽  
The Impact

Leadership in complementary schools is an under-researched area. This article aims to address this gap in the literature by reporting on a study which focused on Brazilian complementary schools in the United Kingdom. Distributed leadership was initially adopted as a theoretical framework to analyse the relationship between leadership style and professional development provision. The data were collected via an online questionnaire and individual semi-structured interviews with leaders, as well as focus group interviews with teachers and teaching assistants. We report here on one of the schools and argue that the contextual constraints in which it operates led to high levels of collaboration between leaders, teachers and teaching assistants. Consequently, a Community of Practice (CoP) has developed. We discuss the benefits this CoP brings to the school and suggest that conscious efforts be made to cultivate this social unit of learning to ensure the professional development of teachers in complementary schools.

scholarly journals Interactive online survey raises awareness about cornea donation

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e000285
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Tsigkos ◽  
Anna Tzelepi ◽  
Dimitra Kopsini ◽  
Danae Manolakou ◽  
Evangelos Konistis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
Willingness To Donate ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cornea Donation ◽  
Cornea Donor

ObjectiveTo assess the impact of a 5 min interactive online survey on raising awareness about cornea donation and willingness to become a donor.MethodsAn interactive online questionnaire was used to collect information regarding awareness, perceptions and attitudes towards cornea donation and to educate the participants about the process and value of cornea donation. Willingness to become a cornea donor was assessed at the beginning and the end of the survey.ResultsThe survey was completed by 1769 Greek residents. Willingness to become a cornea donor increased from 40.5% (n=717) at the beginning of the survey to 55.2% (n=977) by the end of it (p<0.00001). Younger participants, those whose work or studies were unrelated to the medical field, and those with the least knowledge about cornea donation and transplantation were more likely to change their views towards donation by the end of the survey (42.3%, 44.8% and 82.1% increase in willingness to donate, respectively). Major deterrents to donation were lack of information, concerns about the use of the donated corneas and corruption within the medical field.ConclusionOur 5 min online survey had a significant impact on changing the mentality towards cornea donation in Greece. We live in an online era and incorporation of online tools and applications in awareness campaigns towards cornea and organ donation has become a necessity.

scholarly journals Marketing Scottish social enterprises using a label?

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-357
Author(s):  
Indiana Bonar ◽  
Paula Sonja Karlsson
Keyword(s):  
Social Enterprise ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Consumer Awareness ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
Marketing Tool ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Social enterprises are competitive businesses in the marketplace, yet insubstantial research has investigated how they market their businesses. This paper aims to investigate the impact a social enterprise label – “Buy the Good Stuff” – used in Edinburgh has had on consumer awareness and explore whether a possible national label could be used as a marketing tool by social enterprises in Scotland. Design/methodology/approach The study uses a mixed-methods approach, consisting of an online questionnaire with 100 participants and seven semi-structured interviews with representatives of social enterprises involved in the marketing campaign in Edinburgh and representatives of social enterprises who were not involved in the campaign. Findings Findings indicate that the label used in Edinburgh has had little impact on increasing consumer awareness of social enterprises. However, a national label has the potential to help social enterprises increase consumer awareness. Yet, successful implementation requires thorough design of the label and broad support for its promotion. Practical implications The paper offers insights into the implementation of a national label. Managers of social enterprises and social enterprise networks should consider the findings when adopting marketing activities. Originality/value Findings contribute to the sparse literature regarding marketing activities of social enterprises. The paper provides evidence that the broader social enterprise sector and its representatives in Scotland should re-evaluate their position on the introduction of a national label, given that one priority identified for the sector is to create and promote a social enterprise brand which the SE code is not focussed on.

Cognitive analytic team formulation: learning and challenges for multidisciplinary inpatient staff

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose Stratton ◽  
Ranil Tan
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
General Process ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Reflective Capacity ◽  
Staff Experiences ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Relational Difficulties ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand staff experiences of cognitive analytic team formulation, within an inpatient unit for women with a diagnosis of personality disorder. Design/methodology/approach In total, 16 staff completed an online questionnaire, rating their views on how helpful formulation sessions had been in regards to ten domains. Following this, six staff participated in semi-structured interviews exploring their experiences of the process and impact of cognitive analytic team formulation. Transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis. Findings Responses from questionnaires indicated the general process of team formulation was helpful across each domain. Interviews highlighted benefits such as an increased capacity to think and work relationally. This was impacted upon by staff’s confidence in using the model and the practicalities of attending sessions. Practical implications Team formulation has been described as the facilitation of a group of professionals to create a shared understanding of service-users’ difficulties. Team formulation continues to demonstrate benefits for staff working within complex mental health. The challenges of this are considered, however overall, a cognitive analytic framework seems to offer staff the opportunity to integrate learning from a service-user’s history, and current relational difficulties, in a way that develops reflective capacity and informs intervention. Originality/value Limited research has explored the theoretical models underpinning team formulation, and the impact for staff learning and practice. The current study develops previous work by specifically focussing on the contribution of cognitive analytic theory to team formulation.

Language practices and policies in conflict: an ELF perspective on international military communication

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-111
Author(s):  
Concepción Orna-Montesinos
Keyword(s):  
Culturally Diverse ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
English Only ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
Related Language ◽  
Linguistic Proficiency ◽  
Globalized World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractEnsuring linguistic operability in supranational organizations has led to thede factoimposition of an English-only policy in otherwise lingua-culturally diverse environments. This paper uses a combination of a literature review of military-related language policy documents and semi-structured interviews to explore the impact of those policies on the use of English as the working language of a professional context, the Spanish military. Broadly, the findings show that the standardization of linguistic certification procedures, a requirement for their participation in international operations, places these professionals in a disadvantage scenario in which lack of linguistic proficiency translates into the questioning of their personal, professional and institutional validity. The analysis of Spanish soldiers’ perceptions and attitudes helped to shed light on the conflicting interaction of language policies, practices and beliefs. Although English is valued as the language of work and therefore as a vehicle for interaction with other armies, for socialization or for contact with the local population, it is nonetheless viewed as an imposition of the globalized world, accepted with pragmatic and instrumental criteria, which entails the requirement of language certification standards they struggle to meet.

scholarly journals A Study on the Impact of Personality Traits on Attitudes Towards Social Media Influencers

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-51
Author(s):  
Melisa Mete
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
Service Brands ◽  
Advertising Content ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Companies increasingly collaborate with social media influencers (SMIs) to promote product and service brands (Jin & Muqaddam, 2019). There has so far been limited research examining how the personality traits of consumers may impact the extent to which they are influenced by SMIs. This study aims to understand the relationship between consumers’ personality traits and their attitudes towards SMIs. The study utilised an online questionnaire distributed to a group of millennials (n=221), in order to understand the impact of personality traits on attitudes towards SMIs. The five-factor model of personality (McCrae & Costa, 1987), which employs the neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness labels, was used as a framework for the study, while the questions on attitudes towards SMIs explored four main areas - envy towards SMIs, advertising content value, credibility of SMIs, and perceived trustworthiness of SMIs. The findings highlight the importance of investigating personality traits to better understand how followers/consumers’ perceptions and attitudes towards SMIs and SMI-endorsed advertisements can be influenced. The implications for further research and the study’s limitations are discussed.

scholarly journals The development and evaluation of content validity of the Zambia Spina Bifida Functional Measure: Preliminary studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret M. Mweshi ◽  
Seyi L. Amosun ◽  
Mary P. Shilalukey-Ngoma ◽  
Esther Munalula-Nkandu ◽  
Zuhayr Kafaar
Keyword(s):  
Spina Bifida ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Alpha Coefficient ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Rehabilitation Professionals ◽  
Functional Measure ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

Background: Very little is known on outcome measures for children with spina bifida (SB) in Zambia. If rehabilitation professionals managing children with SB in Zambia and other parts of sub-Saharan Africa are to instigate measuring outcomes routinely, a tool has to be made available. The main objective of this study was to develop an appropriate and culturally sensitive instrument for evaluating the impact of the interventions on children with SB in Zambia.Methods: A mixed design method was used for the study. Domains were identified retrospectively and confirmation was done through a systematic review study. Items were generated through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions. Qualitative data were downloaded, translated into English, transcribed verbatim and presented. These were then placed into categories of the main domains of care deductively through the process of manifest content analysis. Descriptive statistics, alpha coefficient and index of content validity were calculated using SPSS.Results: Self-care, mobility and social function were identified as main domains, while participation and communication were sub-domains. A total of 100 statements were generated and 78 items were selected deductively. An alpha coefficient of 0.98 was computed and experts judged the items.Conclusions: The new functional measure with an acceptable level of content validity titled Zambia Spina Bifida Functional Measure (ZSBFM) was developed. It was designed to evaluate effectiveness of interventions given to children with SB from the age of 6 months to 5 years. Psychometric properties of reliability and construct validity were tested and are reported in another study.

Public sector reform in emerging economies: Does privatisation matter?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Marwan Mohamed Abdeldayem ◽  
Saeed Hameed Al Dulaimi
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Senior Managers ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Precise Understanding ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Privatisation Programme ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Privately Owned

BACKGROUND: Privatisation policies have aroused enormous interest in both developed and developing countries. Previous research findings reveal that privately owned companies are more efficient and profitable than comparable state owned enterprises (SOEs). Moreover, it has been argued that these reforms would be even more effective if accompanied by privatisation. As a result, privatisation that aims to enhance the performance of SOEs has been regarded as one of the key features of emerging economies. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to examine the extent to which the benefits of privatisation have been achieved in emerging economies. In particular, the study assesses the developmental changes and improvements in the performance of privatised companies in Egypt as an emerging economy. METHODS: This study was carried out in three stages. First, it was felt necessary to obtain a broad overview of the effect of the Egyptian privatisation programme on the performance of the privatised companies by analyzing secondary data of privatized companies. Second, in an attempt to obtain a more precise understanding of the impact of privatisation, an online questionnaire survey was distributed to the finance managers of 56 privatised companies during the period September 2020 to January 2021. Third, a series of semi-structured interviews were undertaken with senior managers in 8 different privatised companies. The purpose of these interviews was to supplement and amplify the themes and issues that had arisen from stages I and II of the research. RESULTS: The findings reveal that privatisation improved the process of accountability within the company and efficiency gains is the most important advantage of privatisation. CONCLUSIONS: The study concludes that privatisation leads to more difficulty in safeguarding the interests of the weaker groups in society.

Acetaminophen: Neonatal hepatotoxicity due to late pregnancy exposure

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 718-719
Author(s):  
G.A. Miranda ◽  
M.A. Arroyo ◽  
C.A. Lucio ◽  
M. Mongeotti ◽  
S.S. Poolsawat
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Toxic Chemicals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Neonatal Liver ◽  
Childbearing Women

Exposure to drugs and toxic chemicals, during late pregnancy, is a common occurrence in childbearing women. Some studies have reported that more than 90% of pregnant women use at least 1 prescription; of this, 60% used more than one. Another study indicated that 80% of the consumed drugs were not prescribed, and of this figure, 95% were “over-the-counter” drugs. Acetaminophen, the safest of all over-the-counter drugs, has been reported to induce fetal liver necrosis in man and animals and to have abortifacient and embryocidal action in mice. This study examines the degree to which acetaminophen affects the neonatal liver and kidney, when a fatty diet is simultaneously fed to the mother during late pregnancy.Timed Swiss Webster female mice were gavaged during late pregnancy (days 16-19) with fat suspended acetaminophen at a high dose, HD = 84.50 mg/kg, and a low dose, LD = 42.25 mg/kg; a control group received fat alone.

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