scholarly journals Práticas pedagógicas e obrigatoriedade de ensino nos primórdios do século XX: fundamento para análise das políticas públicas educacionais na contemporaneidade / Educational procedures and obligatoriness in the early 20th century

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Jardel Costa Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Public School ◽  
School Culture ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
The State ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
The South ◽  
De Se ◽  
Cultura Escolar

Com a instalação dos Grupos Escolares no Estado de Minas Gerais a partir da reforma educacional de 1906 instituída pelo governo João Pinheiro, surgiram novos enfrentamentos como a obrigatoriedade escolar. Com o intuito de se evitar a evasão escolar e garantir a frequência dos alunos foram criadas várias práticas pedagógicas. A partir dos escritos de Firmino da Costa Pereira, primeiro diretor do Grupo Escolar de Lavras, cidade do sul de Minas Gerais, procura-se por meio desse artigo, compreender como questões tão emblemáticas na contemporaneidade já se faziam presentes nos primórdios do século XX, analisando as estratégias que foram inventadas para garantir a presença dos alunos nos bancos escolares.Palavras-chave: Grupo Escolar; Obrigatoriedade de ensino; Cultura escolar. ABSTRACT: Upon the implementation of public school groups in the State of Minas Gerais, after the educational reformulation made by João Pinheiro's government in 1906, new confrontations appeared, such as educational obligatoriness. In order to avoid students' evasion from school and ensure their attendance to classes, several educational procedures were created. Based on the writings of Firmino da Costa Pereira, first principal to Grupo Escolar de Lavras, a city in the South of Minas Gerais, this paper aims at understanding how such complex and current questions were already an issue in the early 20th century, by analyzing the strategies that were created to ensure students would attend classes at school.Keywords: Public School Groups; Educational Obligatoriness; School culture.

Sources on Regulatory Activity of the Inorodtsy Local Self-Government Agencies in the South of Russia in the 19th - Early 20th Century

2018 ◽  
pp. 364-374
Author(s):  
Irina V. Lidgieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
National Archive ◽  
The State ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Regulatory Activity ◽  
The South ◽  
Stavropol Region ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic

The article analyses public censure as a source of regulatory activity of the inorodsty (non-Russian indigenous ethnicities) local authorities in the South of Russia in the 19th – early 20th century. Integration of nomadic peoples in the all-Empire legal and economic sphere made provisions for continuation of some common law institutions. Among these were local self-government bodies. Local self-government activities in indigenous societies incorporate practices of representative democracy within the framework of customary and positive law and also interactions between state and society, all of which has much relevance to this day and age. Assembly (skhod) produced public censure that included purview with majority decision. Most sources come from the State archive of Stavropol Region and the National Archive of the Republic of Kalmykia. General and special scientific research methods assess public censure as a source on the history of the inorodsty in the South of Russia in the 19th – early 20th century. The form of sentence was not fixed by law, and yet content analysis of documentary materials from the State Archive of the Stavropol Region and the National Archive of the Republic of Kalmykia concludes that it remained unchanged throughout the 19th – early 20th century. Content of public censure allows to reconstruct the spectrum of issues put before the assembly and to classify them by topic: legal, social, and financial and economic. The author concludes that verdicts of the inorodsty societies of the period, as legal acts of local significance and great information value, are one of the main sources on socio-political and socio-economic history of the region.

Documents from the State Archive of the Orel Region as a Source for Studying Peasant Legal Sense in Early 20th Century

2018 ◽  
pp. 98-108
Author(s):  
Vadim V. Kulachkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
The State ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Agrarian Question ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Legal Sense

The article studies documents from the State Archive of the Orel Region (GAOO) as an important source for studying the sense of justice of the Oryol gubernia peasants in early 20th century. Introduction of new archival materials allows to flesh out our knowledge and to produce a true-to-life picture of the Oryol peasants’ way of life. The peasant origins of the majority of the population necessitate a comprehensive study of peasant legal consciousness. Historical legacy is pertinent to present day, and forgetting its lessons is fraught with consequences. Evolution of modern Russian statehood hedges on its historical and legal traditions. The article studies documents in the fonds of public authorities, police, gendarmerie, courts, and prosecution offices. Introduction of new materials of public authorities, police, gendarmerie, courts, and prosecution offices into the scholarship promotes the analysis of the evolution of peasant legal sense in early 20th century. The chronological framework of the article is limited to the period from 1900 to 1917, its territorial framework is limited to the Oryol gubernia in its pre-revolutionary borders. The article studies reports, dispatches, and circular letters using the comparative method. The intensification of peasant protest was incidental to the first Russian revolution of 1905-1907 – the peasants hoped to force the government to settle the agrarian question, wherein lay the crux of their interests. As peasants of the Oryol gubernia suffered from shortage of arable land, antimonarchical sentiments gained momentum and translated a growing number of trials for contempt of the Emperor. Illegal literature spreading among the peasants, further radicalized them, and the authorities grew more and more hesitant in their assessment of peasant loyalty, which is quite intelligible in the archival documents. Thus, the use of new archival documents in addition to published materials promotes the scholarship on the peasant legal sense.

scholarly journals Deutsche Schule urbana - Collegio Allemão de Pelotas na rota da Verein Für das Deutschtum im Ausland (V.D.A.), 1921-1925, 1933 / Urban Deutsche Schule – German College of Pelotas on the Verein Für das Deutschtum im Ausland (V.D.A.) Route, 1921-1925, 1933

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Maria Angela Peter da Fonseca ◽  
Elomar Antonio Callegaro Tambara
Keyword(s):  
School Culture ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
The South ◽  
Educational Project ◽  
Cultura Escolar ◽  
Didactic Material ◽  
German College

Neste artigo enfoca-se o papel dos visitantes que chegavam à Deutsche Schule urbana, Collegio Allemão de Pelotas, no sul do Rio Grande do Sul, provenientes da Verein für das Deutschtum im Ausland (V.D.A.), (Sociedade de Apoio ao Deutschtum no Exterior), em 1921, 1923, 1924, 1925 e 1933, situada em Hamburgo e Berlim, na Alemanha. O objetivo desses visitantes era inspecionar o projeto educacional alemão e a manutenção do Deutschtum, que mesclava elementos do nacionalismo alemão, vigente, à cultura escolar deste educandário em tempos de Nacionalização do Ensino no Brasil. Consequência dessas visitas era o envio de livros, material didático e professores alemães, bem como a troca de correspondência entre os alunos do educandário de Pelotas e alunos alemães. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, bibliográfica e documental cujas fontes principais são os Relatórios Escolares da Deutsche Schule de Pelotas dos anos 1921, 1923, 1924, 1925 e 1933.* * *This paper focuses on the role of visitors arriving at the urban Deutsche Schule, German College of Pelotas, in the south of Rio Grande do Sul from the Verein für das Deutschtum im Ausland (VDA), a Society for Supporting Deutschtum Abroad, in 1921, 1923, 1924, 1925 and 1933, located in Hamburg and Berlin, Germany. The purpose of these visitors was to inspect the German educational project and the maintenance of the Deutschtum, which merged elements of German nationalism, in force, into the school culture of this educandário in times of Nationalization of Teaching in Brazil. The consequence of these visits was the sending of books, didactic material and German teachers, as well as the exchange of correspondence between the students of the educator of Pelotas and German students. It is a qualitative, bibliographical and documentary research whose main sources are the School Reports of the Deutsche Schule of Pelotas of years 1921, 1923, 1924, 1925 and 1933.

Outbreak of beriberi in the state of Maranhão, Brazil: revisiting the mycotoxin aetiologic hypothesis

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Cristina Alves Vieira Lima ◽  
Eucilene Alves Santana Porto ◽  
José Ricardo Pio Marins ◽  
Rejane Maria Alves ◽  
Rosângela Rosa Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Thiamine Deficiency ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
The State ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Subsistence Farming

Beriberi is caused by thiamine deficiency. Early 20th century epidemics in Japan were attributed to rice contaminated by citreoviridin mycotoxin. Our investigation of an outbreak of beriberi in Brazil showed an association of beriberi with the consumption of poor quality subsistence farming rice, although, unlike other investigators of this outbreak, we did not identify citreoviridin producing fungi in the implicated rice.

scholarly journals CARTOGRAFIAS DA VITICULTURA EM MINAS GERAIS: da gênese no Sul à expansão para o Norte

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (20) ◽  
pp. 202106
Author(s):  
Marcelo Cervo Chelotti ◽  
Rosa Maria Vieira Medeiros
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
The State ◽  
The South ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
The North ◽  
Agricultural Census

CARTOGRAPHS OF VITICULTURE IN MINAS GERAIS: from South genesis to North expansionCARTOGRAFÍAS DE LA VITICULTURA EN MINAS GERAIS: de la génesis en el Sur a la expansión al NorteRESUMOO presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a reorientação no deslocamento do padrão espacial do cultivo de uvas no estado de Minas Gerais, originalmente localizado no Sul, mas expandiu-se para o norte mineiro nas últimas décadas. Os procedimentos metodológicos centraram-se na revisão de literatura sobre a viticultura no Brasil, e na coleta em dados secundários na Pesquisa Agrícola Municipal/PAM/IBGE, nos Censos Agropecuários do IBGE, além do Banco de Dados de Uva, Vinho e Derivados/VITIBRASIL. Os mapas temáticos demonstraram a dinâmica da viticultura em Minas Gerais, evidenciando uma mudança no padrão espacial, ou seja, historicamente concentrada no sul do estado, mas verificamos no pós-1990 uma expansão geográfica para o norte, principalmente em direção ao Cerrado e vale do Rio São Francisco. O papel desempenhado pela pesquisa, na busca de novas técnicas para a viticultura em regiões tropicais, tem uma grande centralidade nesse processo, uma vez que estamos diante de um novo paradigma para a produção de uvas e vinhos.Palavras-chave: Viticultura; Regionalização; Geografia do Vinho; Minas Gerais.ABSTRACTThis article has the goal to analyze the reorientation in the displacement of the spatial pattern of grape cultivation in the state of Minas Gerais, originally located in the south, but has expanded to the north of Minas Gerais in recent decades. The methodological procedures focused on the literature review on viticulture in Brazil, and the collection of secondary data from the Municipal Agricultural Research/PAM/IBGE, the IBGE Agricultural Census, and the Grape, Wine and Derivatives Database/VITIBRASIL. Thematic maps showed the dynamics of viticulture in Minas Gerais, showing a change in the spatial pattern, that is, historically concentrated in the south of the state. Sao Francisco River. The role played by the research in the search for new techniques for viticulture in tropical regions has a great centrality in this process, since we are facing a new paradigm for the production of grapes and wines.Keywords: Viticulture; Regionalization; Wine Geography; Minas Gerais.RESUMENEl presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la reorientación en el desplazamiento del patrón espacial del cultivo de la uva en el estado de Minas Gerais, originalmente ubicado en el sur, pero se ha expandido al norte de Minas Gerais en las últimas décadas. Los procedimientos metodológicos se centraron en la revisión de la literatura sobre viticultura en Brasil, y en la recopilación de datos secundarios en la Investigación Agrícola Municipal/PAM/IBGE, en los Censos Agrícolas del IBGE, además de la Base de Datos de Uva, Vino y Derivados/VITIBRASIL. Los mapas temáticos demostraron la dinámica de la viticultura en Minas Gerais, mostrando un cambio en el patrón espacial, es decir, históricamente concentrado en el sur del estado, pero en la década de 1990 verificamos una expansión geográfica hacia el norte, principalmente hacia el Cerrado y Vale do Río São Francisco El papel desempeñado por la investigación, en la búsqueda de nuevas técnicas para la viticultura en las regiones tropicales, tiene una gran centralidad en este proceso, ya que nos enfrentamos a un nuevo paradigma para la producción de uvas y vinos.Palabras-clave: Viticultura; Regionalización; Geografía del Vino; Minas Gerais.

scholarly journals Queensland’s Frontier Killing Times – Facing Up To Genocide

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Baldry ◽  
Ailsa McKeon ◽  
Scott McDougall
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Aboriginal People ◽  
The State ◽  
Consistent Pattern ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Sustained Use ◽  
Conspiracy Of Silence

<em>Timothy Bottoms’ recent work</em> Conspiracy of Silence: Queensland’s Frontier Killing Times <em>comprehensively documents the systematic killing of thousands of Aboriginal people across the State from the mid-19th until the early 20th century. The record suggests that during this period, significant portions of clan groupings and, in some cases, arguably entire nations of people were slaughtered. The sustained use of State-sanctioned violence via the Queensland Native Police Corps and the consistent pattern of killings raise several questions: Did these acts of violence constitute genocide? If so, who is responsible? What legal and policy avenues are available to address the intergenerational impacts of these unrecognised acts of genocide?</em>

scholarly journals “CONVENTIONAL WISDOM” AND THE POLITICS OF SHINTO IN POSTWAR JAPAN

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-82
Author(s):  
John Breen
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Final Section ◽  
The State ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Postwar Japan ◽  
Politics And Religion ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Post War ◽  
Shed Light

In January 2010, the Supreme Court delivered a historic verdict of unconstitutionality in a case involving Sorachibuto, a Shinto shrine in Sunagawa city, Hokkaido. All of the national newspapers featured the case on their front pages. As the case makes abundantly clear, issues of politics and religion, politics and Shinto, are alive and well in 21st century Japan. In this essay, I seek to shed light on the fraught relationship between politics and Shinto from three perspectives. I first analyze the Sorachibuto case, and explain what is at stake, and why it has attracted the attention it has. I then contextualize it, addressing the key state-Shinto legal disputes in the post war period: from the 1970s through to the first decade of the 21st century. Here my main focus falls on the state, and its efforts to cultivate Shinto. In the final section, I shift that focus to the Shinto establishment, and explore its efforts to reestablish with a succession of post LDP administrations the sort of intimacy, which Shinto enjoyed with the state in the early 20th century.

scholarly journals Unitarian activity of Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky in the context of the Vatican's Eastern policy (1901-1917).

2013 ◽  
pp. 228-238
Author(s):  
Ulyana Bezpalko
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
International Community ◽  
The State ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Second Vatican Council ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Vatican Council ◽  
Scientific Reflection

The urgency of the topic of the article: determined by the need for coverage and scientific reflection on the socio-historical preconditions for the convening of the Second Vatican Council; determined by the need to study the problems and perspectives of establishing and church dialogue at the present stage. The study of the uniative activity of Metropolitan A. Sheptytsky in the context of the Vatican's Eastern policy in the early 20th century. makes it possible to understand the tendencies and peculiarities of the development of Ukrainian-Vatican relations at the present stage, the formation of a retrograde model of the Greek Catholic Church and its interaction with society, the state, the international community, etc.

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