Activism before EU Leverage

2018 ◽  
pp. 84-110
Author(s):  
Conor O'Dwyer
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Level Structure ◽  
National Level ◽  
Social Movement Organization ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
National Organization ◽  
Movement Organization ◽  
Lgbt Activism ◽  
The Eu

This is the first of three chapters that process trace the development of LGBT activism in Poland and the Czech Republic through the different stages of exposure to and integration into the EU. It sets a baseline for assessing how hard-right backlash impacted the organization of activism by showing what fledgling activist networks in both countries looked like before the application of EU leverage, a comparison that proves to be a study in contrasts. By 1997, Czech activists had moved from informal organization to the consolidation of a politically oriented social movement organization that aggregated a broad network of local groups into a national-level structure. By contrast, the Polish movement had failed to move from local to national organization; informal affiliations still formed the basis of organization; and, motivated by concerns regarding funding and safety, activists were avowedly apolitical in orientation.

scholarly journals Factors affecting farm size on the European level and the national level of the Czech Republic

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janovska Vratislava ◽  
Simova Petra ◽  
Vlasak Josef ◽  
Sklenicka Petr
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
National Level ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
National Scale ◽  
Sustainable Rural Development ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Considerable Uncertainty ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Eu

Extreme differences in agricultural holding size, existing not only among the countries within the EU as a whole but also within the farm structures of the individual countries, create a considerable uncertainty for establishing the optimal political and economic instruments to support sustainable rural development. The study explores the determinants influencing the spatial volatility of agricultural holding size at both the EU scale and the national scale of the Czech Republic, the latter of which has the largest mean agricultural holding size in the EU. While some factors are identical for both the EU and the Czech Republic, other effects can only be evaluated at the European or international scale, and still others can be evaluated only at the national scale. The only factor found in this study to be significantly associated with the agricultural holding size on the European scale was the wheat production. On the Czech national scale, land consolidation, unemployment rate, and soil fertility were significantly associated with the agricultural holding size. The study found that in the Czech Republic, the number of farms was increasing, while at the same time the agricultural holding sizes were decreasing. This is an opposite trend in comparison to the EU as a whole, where the number of farms is diminishing and the sizes increasing.

Activism under EU Leverage

2018 ◽  
pp. 111-139
Author(s):  
Conor O'Dwyer
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
European Law ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Eu Accession ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Lgbt Activism ◽  
Accession Process ◽  
Antidiscrimination Policy ◽  
Political Backlash ◽  
The Eu

This chapter shows how the onset of EU leverage began to transform the dynamics of LGBT activism in Poland but not in the Czech Republic. The arcs of activism now began to reverse, with the Polish movement strengthening as the Czech one fragmented and deinstitutionalized. In Poland, EU accession helped reframe homosexuality from a question of morality to one of European law and human rights. Polish activists also exploited the opportunity to broker between the national government and the EU regarding the implementation of EU norms. While EU conditionality helped achieve progress, especially regarding antidiscrimination policy, it also set the stage for hard-right political backlash from 2004 to 2007. In the Czech Republic, by contrast, EU accession hardly touched the politics of homosexuality. It sparked no hard-right backlash and was not taken up by rights activists as a tool of brokerage. Instead, Czech activists devoted most of their energies to a project for which the EU accession process offered no leverage, same-sex partnerships, and largely ignored the area for which it did, antidiscrimination policy.

scholarly journals Legal Aspects of EU Funding Related to State Organisational Units in the Czech Republic

2019 ◽  
pp. 585-594
Author(s):  
Irena Válková
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
National Level ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Present System ◽  
Investment Funds ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Robust Implementation ◽  
Shared Management ◽  
The Eu

State organisational units in the Czech Republic play different roles while receiving appropriations from the EU budget. The robust implementation structure was established at the national level delegating power on selected state organisational units to manage funds under shared management such as European structural and investment funds. In addition, state organisational units might be beneficiaries of projects under direct and indirect management. The paper focuses on key problems that the present system brings.

scholarly journals Entry Into the Common Market of the European Union in Terms of Czech Republic’s Foreign Trade with Dairy Products

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 605-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivo Zdráhal ◽  
Věra Bečvářová
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Common Market ◽  
Milk Product ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Eu

The aim of the paper is to evaluate the development of the Czech foreign trade in milk and milk products and specify the typical features and consequences within its territorial and commodity structure using a specific system of indicators intended to show a relevant image on the topic. The analysis covers the period between 1999 and 2015 and are interpreted in the context of changes of the business environment that have occurred in the last two decades, particularly in relation to the Czech Republic’s entry into the European Union. Throughout the studied period, the Czech Republic revealed a positive balance of trade in milk and dairy products, as well as favourable values of TC index (value of coverage of import by export). The dynamics of the territorial structure of export and import is embodied in the overall trade dynamics between the Czech Republic and countries of EU-28. The Czech Republic’s entry into the EU common market, however, led to a change in the trading milk product structure. As a negative is regarded the fact that the structure of Czech export to the EU countries has changed and that is mainly concentrated on basic raw milk or dairy products of the first phase of processing with relatively low added value.

scholarly journals Food Self Sufficiency in Selected Crops in the Czech Republic and Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1329-1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Kotyza ◽  
Josef Slaboch
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
National Security ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
The Self ◽  
Critical Limit ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Domestic Production ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The Eu

Being a member of the EU, today the Czech Republic is not entirely dependent on domestic production of food and farming commodities. Since borders inside the EU are open, particular commodities can flow without any tariff measures. But food self-sufficiency belongs to internal factors of national security and therefore it deserves sufficient attention. The aim of this article is to evaluate, based on an analysis, the self-sufficiency rate of the Czech Republic and Poland in selected commodities of crop production between marketing years 2000/2001–2009/2010, with special attention to the most important and cultivated commodities – basic cereals, oilseeds, corn and potatoes. Based on analyses of self-sufficiency rate it can be concluded, that both countries can be considered as stabilised with restpect to rate of self-sufficency of selected crops – none of the presented groups falls under 80%. For most described commodities the trend of self-sufficiency rate in the Czech Republic and Poland is stabilised or growing. Only production of potatoes is coming close to critical treshhold in CZ, therefore national strategies should be put in place to maintain the self-sufficiency rate above the critical limit. After an analysis of internation trade it can be concluded that the Czech Republic is specialised exporter of not-processed commodities but country significantly falls behind Poland in competitiveness of processing of commodities.

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