scholarly journals Preliminary study of potato varieties and hybrids laboratory resistance to Phytophthora infestans Mont. de Bary in the Primorsky Territory

2020 ◽  
pp. 77-80
Author(s):  
N. V. Matsishina ◽  
A. S. Didora ◽  
O. A. Sobko ◽  
I. V. Kim ◽  
D. I. Volkov
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Laboratory Assessment ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Slight Excess ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Preliminary Study

Relevance. Late blight (Phytophthora infestans Mont. de Bary) is one of the most harmful, rapidly spreading potato fungal diseases, which dramatically reduces its yield and affects tubers during storage. The quantitative manifestation of partial resistance within the same potato variety depends on meteorological conditions and the infectious load. Therefore, its objective assessment is obtained when testing varieties in regions that are stably favorable for the development of pathogens (Sakhalin Island and central Mexico), or in standard laboratory conditions using climatic chambers and molecular genetic methods. The aim of this work was a laboratory assessment of the potato varieties and hybrids resistance to late blight.Methods. Data on laboratory assessment of the potato varieties and hybrids resistance to late blight are presented. The experiment was carried out using generally accepted methods for the study and assessment of the potato varieties resistance to phytopathogens with minor modifications.Results. It was established that the varieties Smak, Yantar, Dachny and Kazachok are medium susceptible to late blight, as shown in the Catalog of varieties. In the variety specimen Pri-12-35-4, with a low degree of necrosis and sporulation development, slices showed damage to 50% of the tubers surface with active sporulation and maturation of double-flagellated zoospores. Hybrids Pri-11-12-5, Pri-12-18-7 showed a high score for the development of necrosis and sporulation with a slight excess to these indicators for tubers (1.17-1.05 times). Among hybrids and varieties of potatoes, a sample of Pri-11-31-24 stood out, with an average score for sporulation and slice necrosis of 1.44 and 1,42, respectively, for tuber damage - 1,72.

scholarly journals Study of Phytophthora infestans Mont. de Bary isolates in the planting of potatoes

2021 ◽  
pp. 86-91
Author(s):  
N. V. Matsishina ◽  
P. V. Fisenko ◽  
O. A. Sobko ◽  
I. V. Kim ◽  
D. I. Volkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity ◽  
Wide Range

Relevance. One of the most common diseases of potatoes and other nightshade family species is late blight caused by a pathogenic oomycete of the Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary. At least 100 species of phytophthora have been described in nature, affecting a wide range of plant species. The phytophthora population is heterogeneous and is represented by races, as well as different types of mating. This leads to a rapid adaptation of the pathogen and the emergence of new, more aggressive, and resistant races. Phytophthora is a parasite, the damage from which cannot be avoided within the organic farming framework. Therefore, it is particularly important to know the pathogenesis and racial composition of phytophthora in each individual region of Solanaceae cultivation.Research methodology. Differentiation and collection of material from the natural population were carried out using potato varieties with known R-genes in the genome. Isolation and introduction into the culture were carried out from leaves with the dampening chambers method, followed by cultivation on nutrient media. The pathogen was identified by microscopic analysis. Culture filtrates were obtained on the liquid nutritious medium, followed by liquid filtration and autoclaving. Phytotoxic activity was determined by the effect on the seedlings of the nightshade, grass, and pea families by the standard method. Molecular genetic analysis of the isolates was carried out by ISSR analysis; the primer, amplification mixture, and temperature profile of the reaction were selected according to the literature data; the calculation of genetic characteristics was carried out using POPGENE software packages.Results. Samples of seven Phytophthora infestans isolates were collected and introduced into culture. As a result of in vitro cultivation, morphological differences were revealed, expressed in the structure and color of the mycelium, the shape of the colonies, the nature of sporulation, the color of the reverse, and the medium under the colonies. The genetic differences of the natural phytophthora material introduced into the culture, collected from potato varieties with single resistance genes (R1, R3, R4), were revealed. Differences in the phytotoxic activity of the studied isolates' cultural filtrates were revealed. The isolated isolates demonstrate differentiation at the phenotypic, genetic and physiological levels, which allows us to speak about their belonging to races.

scholarly journals Assessment of potato varieties preserving at VIR’s collection to (Phytophthora infestans) resistance for late blight in field and laboratory evaluation

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
N. M. Zoteyeva* ◽  
O. S. Kosareva
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Tuber Resistance ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Resistant Lines

Thirty-eight varieties of potato Solanum tuberosum L. from the N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) collection were studied for leaf and tuber resistance to late blight. Аn aggressive Phytophthora infestans isolate collected from VIR experimental field was used for inoculation at a concentration of 50,000 zoospores/ml. The disease severity was evaluated using a scale from 1 to 9 grades, where grade 9 means resistant. Recent field observations revealed that most of the variety accessions were sensitive to late blight. In the present study, some of the varieties identified as foliar resistant in field evaluation were further tested under artificial inoculation. Resistance of some varieties found in field observations was not confirmed in laboratory assays. The data obtained in tuber inoculation tests did not show a direct correlation between resistance levels in leaves and tubers. Only some varieties possessed both characteristics, while varieties with leaf resistance and tuber sensitivity and with tuber resistance and leaf sensitivity were also identified. To develop potato varieties that combine resistance to late blight with good agronomic characteristics, resistant lines identified in this study can be potentially hybridized with varieties of high consumer value that are susceptible to late blight.

Discerning strains of Phytophthora infestans the causative agent of potato late blight by SSCP analysis of virulence genes

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
V.K. Chizhik ◽  
◽  
E.A. Sokolova ◽  
V.V. Martynov ◽  
M.A. Kuznetsova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Potato Late Blight ◽  
Sscp Analysis

Evaluation of bio-agents and neem based products against late blight disease (Phytophthora infestans) of potato

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-187
Author(s):  
Mehi Lal ◽  
Sorabh Chaudhary ◽  
Sanjay Rawal ◽  
Sanjeev Sharma ◽  
Manoj Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Late Blight Disease ◽  
Blight Disease

An endoscopic approach to the deviated nasal septum – a preliminary study

1998 ◽  
Vol 112 (10) ◽  
pp. 934-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipak Ranjan Nayak ◽  
R. Balakrishnan ◽  
K. Deepak Murthy
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Obstruction ◽  
Nasal Septum ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Endoscopic Approach ◽  
Lateral Nasal Wall ◽  
Combined Approach ◽  
Deviated Nasal Septum ◽  
Nasal Endoscope ◽  
Preliminary Study

AbstractThe authors have used the nasal endoscope for the precise identification of pathological abnormalities of the nasal septum in relation to the lateral nasal wall including the osteo-meatal complex and in its ultraconservative management. The aim of the study was to compare the efficacies of endoscope-aided septoplasty (EAS) over traditional septoplasty (TS) in treating the pathological septum and turbinates, performed in 30 cases each. The subjective assessment was carried out by visual analogue scores and objective assessment by nasal endoscopy. This study demonstrates the superiority and limitations of the endoscopic approach in managing a deviated nasal septum and the turbinates. The endoscope-aided technique was found to be more effective in relieving the contact areas and nasal obstruction (p = ≤0.05). The authors advocate a combined approach – an endoscopic approach for inaccessible posterior deviation and the conservative traditional technique for accessible anterior deviation of the nasal septum.

scholarly journals Identification of the Dominant Genotypes of Phytophthora infestans in Canada Using Real-Time PCR with ASO-PCR Assays

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (7) ◽  
pp. 1482-1491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Claude Gagnon ◽  
Lawrence Kawchuk ◽  
D. Mathieu Tremblay ◽  
Odile Carisse ◽  
Giovanna Danies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Blind Test ◽  
Phytophthora Spp ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Flanking Sequences ◽  
Pcr Assays ◽  
And Control

Phytophthora infestans, a pathogenic oomycete that is the causal agent of potato and tomato late blight, has devastating effects worldwide. The genetic composition of P. infestans populations in Canada has changed considerably over the last few years, with the appearance of several new genotypes showing different mating types and sensitivity to the fungicide metalaxyl. Genetic markers allowing for a rapid assessment of genotypes from small amounts of biological material would be beneficial for the early detection and control of this pathogen throughout Canada. Mining of the P. infestans genome revealed several regions containing single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) within both nuclear genes and flanking sequences of microsatellite loci. Allele-specific oligonucleotide polymerase chain reaction (ASO-PCR) assays were developed from 14 of the 50 SNP found by sequencing. Nine optimized ASO-PCR assays were validated using a blind test comprising P. infestans and other Phytophthora spp. The assays revealed diagnostic profiles unique to each of the five dominant genotypes present in Canada. The markers developed in this study can be used with environmental samples such as infected leaves, and will contribute to the genomic toolbox available to assess the genetic diversity of P. infestans at the intraspecific level. For late blight management, early warning about P. infestans genotypes present in potato and tomato fields will help growers select the most appropriate fungicides and application strategies.

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