scholarly journals Application and Prospect of Robotic Technology in Medical Clinic

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Haowei Ma
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive Surgery ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Invasive Surgery ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Medical Clinic ◽  
Surgical Robots ◽  
New Era ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Surgical Methods ◽  
The Face

<p class="18"><span lang="EN-US">In the process of gradually improving the level of clinical medical treatment and continuously developing industrial technology, the application of less invasive and non-invasive surgical methods in medical clinic is increasingly widespread. In the face of this situation, the inevitable trend of the development of surgery has been inclined to minimally invasive surgery. Under the background of a large number of new technologies in the clinical application of medicine, the application space of surgical minimally invasive surgery technology has become more and more extensive. The first successful laparoscopic cholecystectomy in 1987 is an important sign of the arrival of the era of minimally invasive surgery. The research and development of surgical robots based on this is a predictor of the gradual beginning of the era of surgical information processing. At this time, it will inevitably promote the qualitative improvement of surgical accuracy, and a new era of minimally invasive surgery will gradually open. At present, the latest “Da Vinci” surgical robot developed by ISRG company has been widely used in medical clinic.</span></p>

scholarly journals A learning robot for cognitive camera control in minimally invasive surgery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Wagner ◽  
Andreas Bihlmaier ◽  
Hannes Götz Kenngott ◽  
Patrick Mietkowski ◽  
Paul Maria Scheikl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive Surgery ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Invasive Surgery ◽  
Autonomous Systems ◽  
Robot Kinematics ◽  
Learning Context ◽  
Surgical Robots ◽  
Camera Control ◽  
Context Sensitive ◽  
Robotic Camera

Abstract Background We demonstrate the first self-learning, context-sensitive, autonomous camera-guiding robot applicable to minimally invasive surgery. The majority of surgical robots nowadays are telemanipulators without autonomous capabilities. Autonomous systems have been developed for laparoscopic camera guidance, however following simple rules and not adapting their behavior to specific tasks, procedures, or surgeons. Methods The herein presented methodology allows different robot kinematics to perceive their environment, interpret it according to a knowledge base and perform context-aware actions. For training, twenty operations were conducted with human camera guidance by a single surgeon. Subsequently, we experimentally evaluated the cognitive robotic camera control. A VIKY EP system and a KUKA LWR 4 robot were trained on data from manual camera guidance after completion of the surgeon’s learning curve. Second, only data from VIKY EP were used to train the LWR and finally data from training with the LWR were used to re-train the LWR. Results The duration of each operation decreased with the robot’s increasing experience from 1704 s ± 244 s to 1406 s ± 112 s, and 1197 s. Camera guidance quality (good/neutral/poor) improved from 38.6/53.4/7.9 to 49.4/46.3/4.1% and 56.2/41.0/2.8%. Conclusions The cognitive camera robot improved its performance with experience, laying the foundation for a new generation of cognitive surgical robots that adapt to a surgeon’s needs.

scholarly journals Autonomy in surgical robots and its meaningful human control

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanny Ficuciello ◽  
Guglielmo Tamburrini ◽  
Alberto Arezzo ◽  
Luigi Villani ◽  
Bruno Siciliano
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive Surgery ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Invasive Surgery ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Soft Or ◽  
Surgical Robots ◽  
Human Control ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractThis article focuses on ethical issues raised by increasing levels of autonomy for surgical robots. These ethical issues are explored mainly by reference to state-ofart case studies and imminent advances in Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) and Microsurgery. In both area, surgicalworkspace is limited and the required precision is high. For this reason, increasing levels of robotic autonomy can make a significant difference there, and ethically justified control sharing between humans and robots must be introduced. In particular, from a responsibility and accountability perspective suitable policies for theMeaningfulHuman Control (MHC) of increasingly autonomous surgical robots are proposed. It is highlighted how MHC should be modulated in accordance with various levels of autonomy for MIS and Microsurgery robots. Moreover, finer MHC distinctions are introduced to deal with contextual conditions concerning e.g. soft or rigid anatomical environments.

Conception of Arm of Medical Robot Dedicated to Application of Minimally Invasive Surgery

2013 ◽  
Vol 198 ◽  
pp. 3-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Trochimczuk
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive Surgery ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Invasive Surgery ◽  
Forward Kinematics ◽  
Kinematic Structure ◽  
Kinematics Analysis ◽  
Medical Robot ◽  
Surgical Robots

In this article only a few aspects of designing the surgical manipulator's arm will be chosen with the consideration of the kinematic structure of mechanical actuators system together with the description of requirements and the assumption for the execution system. The conception of surgical robots arm will be presented with parallelogram mechanism which increases the rigidity of the construction along with defining of kinematics matrix which describes a forward kinematics task. The aspect of limitation of the Denavit-Hartenberg method encountered by the author during the kinematics analysis of mechanism will be discussed and the solution of this systems issue will be given in this paper.

scholarly journals Minimally Invasive Approaches in the Thoracic Surgery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Güntuğ Batıhan ◽  
Kenan Can Ceylan
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive Surgery ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Thoracic Surgery ◽  
Invasive Surgery ◽  
Minimally Invasive Techniques ◽  
The Past ◽  
Minimally Invasive Surgical ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Surgical Methods ◽  
Invasive Techniques

Minimally invasive techniques in thoracic surgery have made great progress over the past 20 years and are still evolving. Many surgical procedures performed with large thoracotomy incisions in the past can now be performed with much smaller incisions. With many studies, the advantages of minimally invasive surgery have been clearly seen, and thus its use has become widespread worldwide. Today, minimally invasive surgical methods have become the first choice in the diagnosis and treatment of lung, pleural and mediastinal pathologies. Minimally invasive approaches in thoracic surgery include many different techniques and applications. In this chapter, current minimally invasive techniques in thoracic surgery are discussed and important points are emphasized in the light of the current literature.

Robotic Surgery Overview

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Quang Nghĩa Lê ◽  
Vĩnh Hững Trần
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive Surgery ◽  
Robotic Surgery ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Invasive Surgery ◽  
Postoperative Outcomes ◽  
New Era ◽  
The Past

Tóm tắt Trong thập niên vừa qua, Robotic Surgery mở ra kỷ nguyên mới trong mọi chuyên ngành ngoại khoa giúp giảm tai biến, biến chứng trên người bệnh và tăng chất lượng kết quả sau mổ. Bài này trình bày lịch sử, sự phát triển và công dụng của Robotic surgery. Abstract Over the past decade, Robotic Surgery has opened a new era in all surgical specialties in helping reduceaccident, complications in caring the patientsand to improve the quality of postoperative outcomes. This article reviews the history, development,current and future applications of Robotic surgery. Keyword: Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS); Laparoscopic Technologies; Robotic Surgery

PRINCIPLES OF CONSTRUCTION OF TECHNICAL MEANS MULTIPARAMETRIC OPTICAL DIAGNOSTICS FOR ASSESSING THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF MICROCIRCULATORY-TISSUE SYSTEMS

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 131-140
Author(s):  
A.V. DUNAEV
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive Surgery ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Invasive Surgery ◽  
Instrumental Support ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Functional Scheme ◽  
Tissue Systems ◽  
Invasive Diagnostics

Multiparametric optical non-invasive diagnostics (OND), combining several methods in a single device, is one of the most promising technologies for studying microcirculatory tissue systems (MTS) of the human body. However, there are a number of limitations associated with its insufficient methodological and instrumental support. This work is devoted to the systematization of the issues of developing principles for constructing technical means of multiparametric OND for assessing the functional state of the MTS. According to an integrated biotechnical approach, a generalized structural and functional scheme has been synthesized to formalize the principles of constructing multiparametric OND devices, and examples of its implementation for some areas of medicine - endocrinology and minimally invasive surgery are given.

scholarly journals Improvement of sagittal balance and lumbar lordosis following less invasive adult spinal deformity surgery with expandable cages and percutaneous instrumentation

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Y. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive Surgery ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Invasive Surgery ◽  
Spinal Deformity ◽  
Sagittal Balance ◽  
Lumbar Lordosis ◽  
Adult Spinal Deformity ◽  
Surgical Methods ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Expandable Cages

Object The treatment of adult spinal deformity (ASD) remains a challenge for the spine surgeon. While minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has many favorable attributes that would be of great benefit for the ASD population, improvements in lordosis and sagittal balance have remained elusive in cases involving the MIS approach. This report describes the evolution of an MIS method for treating ASD with attention to sagittal correction. Methods Over an 18-month period 25 patients with thoracolumbar scoliosis were treated surgically. The mean patient age was 72 years, and 68% of the population was female. Patients were treated with multilevel facet osteotomies and interbody fusion in which expandable cages (mean 3.2 levels) were placed and percutaneous screw fixation (mean 5.3 levels) was performed. Seven patients underwent supplemental percutaneous iliac fixation. Results All patients underwent MIS without conversion to a traditional open procedure. The mean operative time was 273 mins and the mean blood loss was 416 ml. There were no intraoperative complications. The Cobb angle over the scoliotic deformity improved from a mean of 29.2° to that of 9.0° (p < 0.001). Lumbar lordosis between L-1 and S-1 improved from a mean of 27.8° to one of 42.6° (p < 0.001). Sagittal vertical axis improved from 7.4 cm to 4.3 cm (p = 0.001). Numeric pain scale scores improved as well, an average of 3.3 and 4.2 for the leg and back, respectively. A mean improvement of 20.8 points on the Oswestry Disability Index was seen at 12 months. Complications included: two cases requiring hardware repositioning, one case of screw pullout, one asymptomatic pedicle screw breach, prolonged hospitalization from constipation, and one acute coronary syndrome developing 3 days after surgery without myocardial damage. Conclusions An expanding body of evidence suggests that sagittal balance remains a keystone for good outcomes after ASD surgery. Minimally invasive surgery that involves a combination of osteotomies, interbody height restoration, and advanced fixation techniques may achieve this goal in patients with less severe deformities. While feasibility will have to be proven with larger series and improved surgical methods, the present technique holds promise as a means of reducing the significant morbidity associated with surgery in the ASD population.

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