An informational sociobiological explanation of the constitution of the human body

Background: Pedro Ortiz (1933-2011), in the latest four decades of his life, developed the Informational Sociobiological Theory (IST) in a university teaching context that became the foundation of post-grade studies in neuroscience in Peru. The IST looks for a totality explanation of the phenomena of the universe proposes an explanation of the constitution of the human body. In what consist this explanation of the configuration of the human body? Methods: A bibliographical qualitative study was conducted starting from primary documental sources. It was considered among the sources, all related to the editorial project Books of Social Psychobiologic (elaborated by Ortiz during the first decade of this age). The results have been presented across a conceptual analysis, narrative and graphic, oriented to expose Ortiz’ ideas in relation to the human body’s morphology. Results: The structural architecture of the human body, and in particular in one person; shows five levels of complexity which begins in cells, the intercellular matrix, the neural system, the paleocortical psyche, and neocortical psyche. In this involve explanation, the organs of the body are essentially tissue systems, and are integrated (subsumed) at the neural level (which informationally goes through the plexuses, ganglia, and subcortical nuclei). The two levels of superior complexity to the neural system, are the space of the psychic activity, unconscious and conscious, which is suprastructurally to all bodily structures. Ortiz is settled on a different monism: that guides us to imagine and think that all psychic activity is suprastructural to the body. Conclusions: There is an original explanation of the human body within the IST. This informational morphology dialogues with the knowledge of biology, neurology, anatomy, physiology, embryology, and histology, and is proposed as a structuring element in all the conceptual architecture that represents the IST.

Deltamethrin contact exposure mediated toxicity and histopathological aberrations in tissue systems of cockroach species Periplaneta americana and Blatella germanica

Cockroach species Periplaneta americana and Blatella germanica potentially survive in locations close to human activity. Besides spoiling food material, cockroaches also transfer pathogens of different diseases among human. Since the insecticides have been used extensively to control cockroaches, information on their insecticide susceptibility and toxicity at cellular level may be crucial. In the study, deltamethrin toxicity as well as the deltamethrin-mediated cytomorphological changes in brain, ovary and midgut of the two important cockroach species has been assessed. Different concentrations [0.00025% (0.0025mg/ml), 0.0025% (0.025mg/ml), 0.025 (0.25mg/ml), 0.25% (2.5mg/ml), 0.5% (5mg/ml), 1% (10mg/ml)] of deltamethrin in acetone were used to expose test species in WHO bottle assay. Knockdown was recorded after 5 min interval while delayed mortality was observed after 24 hr. Brain, ovary and gut were dissected post 1 hr exposure and 24 hr holding (for 0.25%, 0.5% and 1% concentration), and tissues were processed for microscopic analysis. Deltamethrin exposed cockroaches and dissected tissues were used to estimate deltamethrin using HPLC. At 0.00025% (lowest concentration), the percentage knock-down observed was 66.7% for P. americana and 80% B. germanica respectively (R2= 0.78; p=0.0001) in 1 hr. KDT50 value was found to be 8.7 min (95% CI: 7.3-10.2), while KDT99 was 20.7 min (95% CI: 16.0-35.7) in P. americana at 1% concentration. Whereas, the KDT50 and KDT99 values for B. germanica were 7.4 min (95% CI: 5.4-9.1) and 27.4 min (95% CI: 18.2-80.0) at similar concentration. LD50 and LD95 values (for 60 min standard exposure) were 0.0006 % (95% CI: 0.00-0.001) and 0.034% (95% CI: 0.013-0.49) respectively for P. americana, while these values were 0.0005 (95% CI: 0.00-0.001) and 0.04 (95% CI: 0.01-0.23) for B. germanica. Exposure to 1% deltamethrin induced considerable toxic effect in the epithelial cells in the midgut. HPLC estimated 0.21±0.05 mg (95% CI - 0.18-0.25; CoV 23.9%) deltamethrin in P. americana post 1% exposure. Even short term exposure of low concentration of synthetic pyrethroid deltamethrin displayed immediate knockdown and delayed mortality in both the test species. Considerable histological damage was observed in both the insects at 1% exposure. In India, resistance to deltamethrin may have been reported among different insects due its extensive use, however the formulations such as insecticide paints, attractant baits etc. developed using deltamethrin as active ingredient could be useful in cockroach control operations.

Stem Cell–Based Therapies: What Interventional Radiologists Need to Know

As the basic units of biological organization, stem cells and their progenitors are essential for developing and regenerating organs and tissue systems using their unique self-renewal capability and differentiation potential into multiple cell lineages. Stem cells are consistently present throughout the entire human development, from the zygote to adulthood. Over the past decades, significant efforts have been made in biology, genetics, and biotechnology to develop stem cell–based therapies using embryonic and adult autologous or allogeneic stem cells for diseases without therapies or difficult to treat. Stem cell–based therapies require optimum administration of stem cells into damaged organs to promote structural regeneration and improve function. Maximum clinical efficacy is highly dependent on the successful delivery of stem cells to the target tissue. Direct image-guided locoregional injections into target tissues offer an option to increase therapeutic outcomes. Interventional radiologists have the opportunity to perform a key role in delivering stem cells more efficiently using minimally invasive techniques. This review discusses the types and sources of stem cells and the current clinical applications of stem cell–based therapies. In addition, the regulatory considerations, logistics, and potential roles of interventional Radiology are also discussed with the review of the literature.

EFFICIENCY OF THE COMBINED APPLICATION OF PHYSIOTHERAPEUTIC FACTORS ON THE MODEL OF MICROCIRCULATOR TISSUE SYSTEMS

В статье анализируются механизмы и преимущества симультанного (одновременного) применения переменного низкочастотного электростатического поля и транскраниальной магнитотерапии бегущим магнитным полем в отношении параметров микрогемодинамики у пациентов с метаболическим синдромом. Установлено, что различная эффективность при изолированном применении низкочастотного электростатического поля и транскраниальной магнитотерапии обусловлена разными точками приложения их корригирующей активности. В основе вазорелаксирующего действия электростатического поля лежит способность физиотерапевтического фактора усиливать секрецию вазорелаксирующих биологически активных веществ, а также повышать функциональную активность микроваскулярного эндотелия с последующим выделением эндотелий-релаксирующих факторов. Ведущим механизмом транскраниального воздействия переменного магнитного поля выступают центральное седативное действие и нормализующие влияния на нейроэндокринные процессы в организме, стимулирующие периферическую вазо-депрессию. Показано, что наибольшая эффективность в коррекции нарушений микроциркуляторно-тканевых систем наблюдается при одновременном режиме использования данных физиотерапевтических факторов. Доминирующим типом взаимодействия низкочастотного электростатического поля и транскраниальной магнитотерапии выступает супрааддитивный синергизм, при котором дополнительная эффективность формируется в результате взаимного влияния субэффективных сдвигов, вызываемых каждым из физиофакторов. Одновременное использование физиотерапевтических факторов, обладая рядом преимуществ, выступает перспективным направлением инновационного развития физиотерапевтических технологий The article analyzes the mechanisms and advantages of the simultaneous (simultaneous) use of an alternating low-frequency electrostatic field and transcranial magnetic therapy with a traveling magnetic field in relation to the parameters of microhemodynamics in patients with metabolic syndrome. It has been established that the different efficiency in the isolated application of a low-frequency electrostatic field and transcranial magnetotherapy is due to different points of application of their corrective activity. The vasorelaxing effect of the electrostatic field is based on the ability of a physiotherapeutic factor to enhance the secretion of vasorelaxing biologically active substances, as well as to increase the functional activity of the microvascular endothelium, followed by the release of endothelium-relaxing factors. The leading mechanism of the transcranial effect of an alternating magnetic field is the central sedative effect and normalizing effects on the neuroendocrine processes in the body, stimulating peripheral vasodepression. It is shown that the greatest efficiency in the correction of disorders of microcirculatory-tissue systems is observed with the simultaneous use of these physiotherapeutic factors. The dominant type of interaction between a low-frequency electrostatic field and transcranial magnetotherapy is supraadditive synergism, in which additional efficiency is formed as a result of the mutual influence of subeffective shifts caused by each of the physiological factors. The simultaneous use of physiotherapeutic factors, with a number of advantages, is a promising area of innovative development of physiotherapeutic technologies

The Promise of Patient-Derived Colon Organoids to Model Ulcerative Colitis

Physiologic, molecular, and genetic findings all point to impaired intestinal epithelial function as a key element in the multifactorial pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). The lack of epithelial-directed therapies is a conspicuous weakness of our UC therapeutic armamentarium. However, a critical barrier to new drug discovery is the lack of preclinical human models of UC. Patient tissue–derived colon epithelial organoids (colonoids) are primary epithelial stem cell–derived in vitro structures capable of self-organization and self-renewal that hold great promise as a human preclinical model for UC drug development. Several single and multi-tissue systems for colonoid culture have been developed, including 3-dimensional colonoids grown in a gelatinous extracellular matrix, 2-dimensional polarized monolayers, and colonoids on a chip that model luminal and blood flow and nutrient delivery. A small number of pioneering studies suggest that colonoids derived from UC patients retain some disease-related transcriptional and epigenetic changes, but they also raise questions regarding the persistence of inflammatory transcriptional programs in culture over time. Additional research is needed to fully characterize the extent to which and under what conditions colonoids accurately model disease-associated epithelial molecular and functional aberrations. With further advancement and standardization of colonoid culture methodology, colonoids will likely become an important tool for realizing precision medicine in UC.

Beyond Colonoscopy: Exploring New Cell Surface Biomarkers for Detection of Early, Heterogenous Colorectal Lesions

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths among both men and women in the United States. Early detection and surgical removal of high-risk lesions in the colon can prevent disease from developing and spreading. Despite implementation of programs aimed at early detection, screening colonoscopies fail to detect a fraction of potentially aggressive colorectal lesions because of their location or nonobvious morphology. Optical colonoscopies, while highly effective, rely on direct visualization to detect changes on the surface mucosa that are consistent with dysplasia. Recent advances in endoscopy techniques and molecular imaging permit microscale visualization of the colonic mucosa. These technologies can be combined with various molecular probes that recognize and target heterogenous lesion surfaces to achieve early, real-time, and potentially non-invasive, detection of pre-cancerous lesions. The primary goal of this review is to contextualize existing and emergent CRC surface biomarkers and assess each’s potential as a candidate marker for early marker-based detection of CRC lesions. CRC markers that we include were stratified by the level of support gleaned from peer-reviewed publications, abstracts, and databases of both CRC and other cancers. The selected biomarkers, accessible on the cell surface and preferably on the luminal surface of the colon tissue, are organized into three categories: (1) established biomarkers (those with considerable data and high confidence), (2) emerging biomarkers (those with increasing research interest but with less supporting data), and (3) novel candidates (those with very recent data, and/or supportive evidence from other tissue systems). We also present an overview of recent advances in imaging techniques useful for visual detection of surface biomarkers, and discuss the ease with which these methods can be combined with microscopic visualization.

DYNAMICS OF THE INDICATORS OF MICROCIRCULATOR-TISSUE SYSTEMS WITH THE COMBINED USE OF PROTEOLYTIC COLLAGENASIS ULTRAPHONOPHORESIS AND METHODS FRACTIONAL LASER THERAPY IN TREATMENT SCARLIFIC SKIN CHANGES IN PATIENTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME

В статье анализируется роль микроциркуляторных нарушений в патогенезе рубцовых изменений кожи, в том числе у пациентов с проявлениями метаболического синдрома. Исходные показатели микроциркуляторно-тканевых систем у пациентов с метаболическим синдромом свидетельствуют о более низких значениях уровня общей перфузии, чем у пациентов без признаков метаболических нарушений, что свидетельствует об угнетающем влиянии инсулинорезистентности на микроциркуляцию. Выявленная положительная динамика показателей микроциркуляторно-тканевой системы при проведении ультрафонофореза ферменкола в сочетании с методикой фракционной лазерной терапии позволяет рассматривать сосуды микроциркуляторного звена в качестве основной мишени при проведении коррекции рубцовых изменений кожи. Наблюдаемое через 4 недели после заключительной процедуры усиление нутритивного компонента кровотока и связанного с ним повышения скорости потребления кислорода и уровня окислительного метаболизма указывает на формирование пролонгированного эффекта. Преимущественное влияние рассмотренного способа коррекции рубцо-измененной кожи на отдельные компартменты микроциркуляторно-тканевой системы свидетельствует об эффективности технологии комплексного применения фракционного фототермолиза и ультрафонофореза коллагеназ, обладающей патогенетически ориентированным терапевтическим действием. Наличие в качестве фонового заболевания метаболического синдрома существенно ограничивает выраженность корригирующего эффекта, что обуславливает необходимость применения средств и методов из арсенала восстановительной медицины на основе преимущественного использования немедикаментозных лечебных факторов, которые, обладая выраженным саногенетическим потенциалом, позволяют максимально полно восстановить нарушенные функции при метаболическом синдроме и улучшить качество жизни человека The article analyzes the role of microcirculatory disorders in the pathogenesis of cicatricial changes in the skin, including in patients with manifestations of metabolic syndrome. The initial parameters of microcirculatory-tissue systems in patients with metabolic syndrome indicate lower values of the level of general perfusion than in patients without signs of metabolic disorders, which indicates the inhibitory effect of insulin resistance on microcirculation. The revealed positive dynamics of the indicators of the microcirculatory-tissue system during ultraphonophoresis of fermencol in combination with the method of fractional laser therapy allows us to consider the vessels of the microcirculatory link as the main target when correcting cicatricial changes in the skin. The increase in the nutritional component of the blood flow and the associated increase in the rate of oxygen consumption and the level of oxidative metabolism observed 4 weeks after the final procedure indicates the formation of a prolonged effect. The predominant influence of the considered method of correction of scar-altered skin on individual compartments of the microcirculatory-tissue system indicates the effectiveness of the technology of complex application of fractional photothermolysis and ultraphonophoresis of collagenases, which has a pathogenetically oriented therapeutic effect. The presence of metabolic syndrome as a background disease significantly limits the severity of the corrective effect, which necessitates the use of means and methods from the arsenal of restorative medicine based on the predominant use of non-drug therapeutic factors, which, having a pronounced sanogenetic potential, allow the most complete restoration of impaired functions in MS and improve the quality human life