scholarly journals Holarctic phylogeographic structure of Eurasian wigeon (Mareca penelope)

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-369
Author(s):  
I. V. Kulikova ◽  
Y. N. Zhuravlev ◽  
I. G. Korobitsyn ◽  
G. A. Nemkova ◽  
K. G. McCracken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
North America ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Mitochondrial Control Region ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Mareca Penelope

The Eurasian wigeon (Mareca penelope) is one of the most numerous migrant species of waterfowl in the Palearctic. Annually, significant part of the world’s wigeon population makes seasonal flights over distances from tens to thousands or more kilometers. According to different estimates based on banding data, five geographic populations of the species were described in the Palearctic. However, distinct borders between the populations have not been identified. At the same time, no phylogeographic studies have been carried out for the complete native range of wigeon so far. In addition to the fundamental importance of such a study, knowledge of the genetic structure of populations is necessary for the development of measures to increase the number of and preserve this valuable game species. The aim of our work was a phylogeographic analysis of the wigeon across its vast native range in the Palearctic including ducks wintering in North America. We examined genetic diversity and differentiation of wigeon populations identified with banding data, phylogenetic relationships of mtDNA haplotypes and demographic history of populations and species as a whole by sequencing a 661 base-pair 5’-fragment of the mitochondrial control region from 195 individual ducks collected throughout the Palearctic and Nearctic. Genetic diversity was high in all studied populations. A reconstruction of haplotypes phylogeny revealed the absence of geographic structure in the data. Nonetheless, analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) identified two groups of populations: EuropeanSiberian and East Asian. The former included wigeons from Europe, Siberia and the Atlantic coast of North America, and the latter comprised ducks from Russian Far East, Kamchatka Peninsula, Chukotka Autonomous District, the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, and the Pacific coast of North America.

scholarly journals Population structure and demographic history of the chukar partridge Alectoris chukar in China

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 458-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sen Song ◽  
Shijie Bao ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Xinkang Bao ◽  
Bei An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
North America ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Population History ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chukar Partridge

Abstract Pleistocene climate fluctuations have shaped the patterns of genetic diversity observed in extant species. Although the effects of recent glacial cycles on genetic diversity have been well studied on species in Europe and North America, genetic legacy of species in the Pleistocene in north and northwest of China where glaciations was not synchronous with the ice sheet development in the Northern Hemisphere or or had little or no ice cover during the glaciations’ period, remains poorly understood. Here we used phylogeographic methods to investigate the genetic structure and population history of the chukar partridge Alec-toris chukar in north and northwest China. A 1,152 – 1,154 bp portion of the mtDNA CR were sequenced for all 279 specimens and a total number of 91 haplotypes were defined by 113 variable sites. High levels of gene flow were found and gene flow estimates were greater than 1 for most population pairs in our study. The AMOVA analysis showed that 81% and 16% of the total genetic variability was found within populations and among populations within groups, respectively. The demographic history of chukar was examined using neutrality tests and mismatch distribution analyses and results indicated Late Pleistocene population expansion. Results revealed that most populations of chukar experienced population expansion during 0.027 ? 0.06 Ma. These results are at odds with the results found in Europe and North America, where population expansions occurred after Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 0.023 to 0.018 Ma). Our results are not consistent with the results from avian species of Tibetan Plateau, either, where species experienced population expansion following the retreat of the extensive glaciation period (0.5 to 0.175 Ma).

The lichen genusRinodina(Physciaceae,Caliciales) in north-eastern Asia

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 617-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. SHEARD ◽  
Alexander K. EZHKIN ◽  
Irina A. GALANINA ◽  
Dmitry HIMELBRANT ◽  
Ekaterina KUZNETSOVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
North American ◽  
New Records ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Species Distributions ◽  
Eastern Asia ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
First Time

AbstractRinodinais a widespread, polyphyletic genus of crustosePhysciaceaewithc. 300 species worldwide. A major missing link in understanding its global biogeography has been eastern Asia where the genus has never been systematically revised. Here we review specimen and literature records forRinodinafor north-eastern Asia (Russian Far East, Japan and the Korean Peninsula) and recognize 43 species. We describe two species,R. hypobadiaandR. orientalis, as new to science.Rinodina hypobadiais distinguished by its pigmented hypothecium,Dirinaria-type ascospores and pannarin in both thallus and epihymenium.Rinodina orientalisis characterized by its erumpent apothecia that remain broadly attached, with discs sometimes becoming convex and excluding the thalline margins, ascospores belonging to thePhyscia-type and secondary metabolites absent. Nine other species are reported from the region for the first time. These includeR. dolichospora,R. freyi,R. metaboliza,R. sicula,R. subminutaandR. willeyi. Of particular biogeographical interest are three additional new records that have western North American–eastern Asian distributions: the corticolous speciesR. endospora,R. macrosporaandR. megistospora. Six species have the better known eastern North American–eastern Asian distributions:R. ascociscana(syn.R. akagiensis,R. melancholica),R. buckii,R. chrysidiata,R. subminuta,R. tenuis(syn.R. adirondackii) andR. willeyi, and two have eastern North American–eastern Asian–European distributions:R. excrescensandR. moziana(syn.R. destituta,R. vezdae). Our study begins to close one of the largest gaps in our knowledge of circumboreal species distributions inRinodinaand, together with previous studies in North America and Europe, provides new insights into circumboreal crustose lichen biogeography.Rinodina cinereovirens(syn.R. turfaceavar. cinereovirens) is also reported as new to North America.

Barn owls (Tyto alba) in western North America: phylogeographic structure, connectivity, and genetic diversity

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew C. Huang ◽  
John E. Elliott ◽  
Kimberly M. Cheng ◽  
Kermit Ritland ◽  
Carol E. Ritland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
North America ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Tyto Alba ◽  
Barn Owls

Conservation genetics of red pandas in the wild

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yibo Hu ◽  
Dunwu Qi ◽  
Fuwen Wei
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Conservation Genetics ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
Red Panda

The red panda is listed on the 2016 IUCN red list as Endangered. It is now distributed only in China, Myanmar, India, Bhutan and Nepal. Human activities such as poaching and large-scale deforestation have caused serious declines in this forest-dwelling species. Although its ecological research has made much progress in the past decades, only recently witnessed the population genetic research advances of this species. This chapter reviews the advances in wild red panda conservation genetics from non-invasive genetics, genetic diversity, phylogeographic structure, population genetic structure, demographic history, subspecies differentiation, to its conservation and management. It presents detailed estimates of genetic diversity, assesses the role of paleo-climate changes, human activities and landscape features in shaping the genetic structure and demographic history of red pandas, and discusses the implications of conservation genetics findings for effective genetic monitoring and conservation management.

New species in the Gymnopilus junonius group (Basidiomycota: Agaricales)

Botany ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 293-315
Author(s):  
R. Greg Thorn ◽  
David W. Malloch ◽  
Irja Saar ◽  
Yves Lamoureux ◽  
Eiji Nagasawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Ribosomal Subunit ◽  
Large Ribosomal Subunit ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
A New Species ◽  
The Russian Far East

Mushrooms named Gymnopilus spectabilis and G. junonius have been reported widely in North America on both dead hardwood or dead or living conifers. Based on DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and large ribosomal subunit (LSU), we found that although Gymnopilus junonius (= G. spectabilis s. auct.) is widespread in Europe, South America, and Australia, none of the limited sequences available from North America represent this species. We report five species of this group from North America, including three previously described species, G. luteus, G. subspectabilis, and G. ventricosus, and two new species, Gymnopilus voitkii and Gymnopilus speciosissimus. We recognize a sister species to G. luteus, based on sequences previously reported as G. spectabilis from China, Japan, and the Russian Far East, but, lacking material to describe it as a new species, we give it an informal clade name, /sororiluteus. Another new species in this complex is described from Japan, as Gymnopilus orientispectabilis. Species in this group may be distinguished by their ITS sequences as well as by macro- and micromorphology, substrate, and geography.

Sclerotinia borealis. [Distribution map].

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Sclerotinia borealis Bubák & Vleugel. Hosts: Cereals and grasses. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia, Japan, USSR, Russian Far East, Gorki, Kirov, Leningrad, Ukraine, Udmurtskaya, Sverdlovsk, Europe, Finland, Norway, Sweden, North America, Canada, British Columbia, Yukon, Manitoba, British Columbia, Saskatchewan, Alberta, USA, Alaska, Washington, Montana.

New data on tardigrades of the genus Milnesium (Tardigrada, Eutardigrada, Milnesiidae) from the Russian Far East, obtained using the method of molecular barkoding

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 114-122
Author(s):  
E.V. Maskin ◽  
◽  
P.V. Grebenkin ◽  
L.V. Zheleznova ◽  
D.V. Tumanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Integrative Taxonomy ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
The Third ◽  
Thickened Cuticle ◽  
The Russian Far East ◽  
Fourth Pair

A study of terrestrial tardigrades of the genus Milnesium Doyère, 1840 collected in Russky Island (Primorsky kray, Vladivostok) was carried out using the methods of integrative taxonomy, including the analysis of morphological and molecular biological data. Three species are recorded from this island, of which M. inceptum Morek, Suzuki, Schill, Georgiev, Yankova, Marley et Michalczyk, 2019 is new for the fauna of Russia. New data were obtained on the distribution and genetic diversity of M. tardigradum Doyère, 1840. The third species, Milnesium sp., is similar to M. tardigradum but differs from latter in the presence of a characteristic thickened cuticle zone at the base of the claws of the fourth pair of legs and is probably a new for science species.

Phenology of Emerald Ash Borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) and Its Introduced Larval Parasitoids in the Northeastern United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 622-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael I Jones ◽  
Juli R Gould ◽  
Hope J Mahon ◽  
Melissa K Fierke
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
North America ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Larval Parasitoids

Abstract Biological control offers a long-term and sustainable option for controlling the destructive forest pest emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, in North America. Three larval parasitoids, Spathius agrili Yang (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Tetrastichus planipennisi Yang (Eulophidae), and Spathius galinae Belokobylskij & Strazanac, have been introduced to North America from the native range of EAB (northeastern Asia). While T. planipennisi appears to be persisting where it has been introduced in northern United States, S. agrili failed to establish in northeastern states. The more recently identified parasitoid S. galinae was recovered from the Russian Far East and climate matching suggests it should be suited for release in colder climates. We collected data on the phenology of EAB and its introduced larval parasitoids from colonies established in an insectary, growth chambers, and field-caged trees in Syracuse, New York to determine whether asynchrony between parasitoids and EAB or climate could impact establishment and persistence. Phenological data indicated EAB has one and 2-yr life cycles in New York, with parasitoid-susceptible EAB larvae available spring to fall for parasitism. Insectary and growth chamber studies indicated S. galinae and T. planipennisi were synchronous with EAB phenology, and field studies suggested both species could overwinter in northeastern climates. Spathius agrili was asynchronous with EAB phenology and climate, emerging when fewer parasitoid-susceptible EAB larvae were available and temperatures were not optimal for survival. Our results suggest S. galinae and T. planipennisi are suited for biological control of EAB at the northern limits of its range in North America.

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