The gene Sr38 for bread wheat breeding in Western Siberia

Present-day wheat breeding for immunity exploits extensively closely related species from the family Triticeae as gene donors. The 2NS/2AS translocation has been introduced into the genome of the cultivated cereal Triticum aestivum from the wild relative T. ventricosum. It contains the Lr37, Yr17, and Sr38 genes, which support seedling resistance to the pathogens Puccinia triticina Eriks., P. striiformis West. f. sp. tritici, and P. graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. & E. Henn, which cause brown, yellow, and stem rust of wheat, respectively. This translocation is present in the varieties Trident, Madsen, and Rendezvous grown worldwide and in the Russian varieties Morozko, Svarog, Graf, Marquis, and Homer bred in southern regions. However, the Sr38 gene has not yet been introduced into commercial varieties in West Siberia; thus, it remains of practical importance for breeding in areas where populations of P. graminis f. sp. tritici are represented by avirulent clones. The main goal of this work was to analyze the frequency of clones (a)virulent to the Sr38 gene in an extended West Siberian collection of stem rust agent isolates. In 2019–2020, 139 single pustule isolates of P. graminis f. sp. tritici were obtained on seedlings of the standard susceptible cultivar Khakasskaya in an environmentally controlled laboratory (Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS) from samples of urediniospores collected on commercial and experimental bread wheat fields in the Novosibirsk, Omsk, Altai, and Krasnoyarsk regions. By inoculating test wheat genotypes carrying Sr38 (VPM1 and Trident), variations in the purity of (a)virulent clones were detected in geographical samples of P. graminis f. sp. tritici. In general, clones avirulent to Sr38 constitute 60 % of the West Siberian fungus population, whereas not a single virulent isolate was detected in the Krasnoyarsk collection. The Russian breeding material was screened for sources of the stem rust resistance gene by using molecular markers specific to the 2NS/2AS translocation. A collection of hybrid lines and varieties of bread spring wheat adapted to West Siberia (Omsk SAU) was analyzed to identify accessions promising for the region. The presence of the gene was postulated by genotyping with specific primers (VENTRIUP-LN2) and phytopathological tests with avirulent clones of the fungus. Dominant Sr38 alleles were identified in Lutescens 12-18, Lutescens 81-17, Lutescens 66-16, Erythrospermum 79/07, 9-31, and 8-26. On the grounds of the composition of the West Siberian P. graminis f. sp. tritici population, the Sr38 gene can be considered a candidate for pyramiding genotypes promising for the Novosibirsk, Altai, and Krasnoyarsk regions.

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Resistance to Leaf Rust, Stripe Rust, and Stem Rust in Aegilops spp. in Israel

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pd-89-0303 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 89 (3) ◽

pp. 303-308 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Y. Anikster ◽

J. Manisterski ◽

D. L. Long ◽

K. J. Leonard

Keyword(s):

Leaf Rust ◽

Common Wheat ◽

Stripe Rust ◽

Stem Rust ◽

Field Tests ◽

Puccinia Triticina ◽

Wheat Breeding ◽

Wheat Leaf Rust ◽

Seedling Resistance ◽

Wheat Leaf

In all, 1,323 single plant accessions of Aegilops bicornis, A. kotschyi, A. longissima, A. ovata, A. searsii, A. sharonensis, A. speltoides, and A. variabilis collected from 18 regions in Israel and 2 adjacent regions in Lebanon and Egypt were evaluated for leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) and stripe rust (P. striiformis) resistance in field plots and for seedling resistance to leaf rust and stem rust (P. graminis f. sp. tritici) in greenhouse tests. Nearly all accessions of A. speltoides were highly resistant to leaf rust, stripe rust, and stem rust. A. longissima and A. ovata were highly resistant to stripe rust, whereas A. bicornis and A. kotschyi were highly susceptible. A. searsii was highly susceptible to stem rust, but 24 to 51% of accessions of A. bicornis, A. longissima, A. ovata, and A. variabilis were resistant to stem rust. Except for A. ovata and A. speltoides, more than 95% of the Aegilops accessions were susceptible to leaf rust caused by P. recondita alternating on Anchusa spp. Only Aegilops ovata was susceptible to P. recondita from Echium spp. A. bicornis, A. koschyi, and A. searsii were highly susceptible as seedlings to common wheat leaf rust caused by P. triticina. Most accessions of A. variabilis and about half of the accessions of A. longissima had good seedling resistance to P. triticina. Few accessions of A. ovata showed seedling resistance to the P. triticina population in Israel, but 30% were resistant to U.S. isolates. In field tests, A. bicornis showed high susceptibility to common wheat leaf rust, but more than 90% of the accessions of the other Aegilops spp. developed little or no leaf rust on adult plants. The Aegilops spp. in Israel and adjoining countries provide a rich and varied source of rust resistance for wheat breeding.

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Mapping and Characterization of a Wheat Stem Rust Resistance Gene in Durum Wheat “Kronos”

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.751398 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Hongna Li ◽

Lei Hua ◽

Matthew N. Rouse ◽

Tianya Li ◽

Shuyong Pang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Stem Rust ◽

Rust Resistance ◽

Wheat Variety ◽

Wheat Breeding ◽

Stem Rust Resistance ◽

Wheat Stem Rust ◽

Seedling Resistance ◽

Or Gene

Wheat stem (or black) rust is one of the most devastating fungal diseases, threatening global wheat production. Identification, mapping, and deployment of effective resistance genes are critical to addressing this challenge. In this study, we mapped and characterized one stem rust resistance (Sr) gene from the tetraploid durum wheat variety Kronos (temporary designation SrKN). This gene was mapped on the long arm of chromosome 2B and confers resistance to multiple virulent Pgt races, such as TRTTF and BCCBC. Using a large mapping population (3,366 gametes), we mapped SrKN within a 0.29 cM region flanked by the sequenced-based markers pku4856F2R2 and pku4917F3R3, which corresponds to 5.6- and 7.2-Mb regions in the Svevo and Chinese Spring reference genomes, respectively. Both regions include a cluster of nucleotide binding leucine-repeat (NLR) genes that likely includes the candidate gene. An allelism test failed to detect recombination between SrKN and the previously mapped Sr9e gene. This result, together with the similar seedling resistance responses and resistance profiles, suggested that SrKN and Sr9e may represent the same gene. We introgressed SrKN into common wheat and developed completely linked markers to accelerate its deployment in the wheat breeding programs. SrKN can be a valuable component of transgenic cassettes or gene pyramids that includes multiple resistance genes to control this devastating disease.

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Mining synthetic hexaploids for multiple disease resistance to improve bread wheat

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar07227 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 59 (5) ◽

pp. 421 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

F. C. Ogbonnaya ◽

M. Imtiaz ◽

H. S. Bariana ◽

M. McLean ◽

M. M. Shankar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Resistance ◽

Leaf Rust ◽

Resistance Gene ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Stripe Rust ◽

Stem Rust ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Septoria Tritici Blotch ◽

Septoria Tritici ◽

Seedling Resistance

A collection of 253 synthetic hexaploid wheats (SHWs) produced from 192 Aegilops tauschii accessions and 39 elite durum varieties were studied to identify, characterise, and evaluate potentially untapped diversity of disease resistance in wheat. The diseases for which resistance was sought included cereal cyst nematode (CCN), root lesion nematode (RLN), Stagonospora nodorum blotch (SNB), Septoria tritici blotch (STB), and the 3 rusts, leaf rust, stem rust, and stripe rust, all important diseases of bread wheat worldwide, which can severely reduce wheat yield and quality. The SHWs exhibited a wide spectrum of resistance to the 8 pathogens. The frequency of disease-resistant SHWs ranged from 1% for one species of RLN (Pratylenchus neglectus), 3% and 10% for Septoria nodorum leaf and glume blotch, 10% for seedling resistance to yellow leaf spot, 16% for CCN, 21% for the second species of RLN (Pratylenchus thornei), 73% for Septoria tritici blotch, and 15%, 40%, and 24% for leaf rust, stem rust, and stripe rust, respectively. Five SHWs, Aus26860, Aus30258, Aus30294, Aus30301, and Aus30304, exhibited high levels of resistance to CCN, YLP, STB, LR, and SR, while 56 SHWs showed resistance to either 3 or 4 diseases. The genetics of resistance to CCN in some of the SHWs revealed that some of the accessions carry the same CCN gene(s) against pathotype Ha13, while others may carry different resistance gene(s). Additional studies were carried out to understand the relationship between the resistances identified in SHWs and the ones already present in common wheat, in particular the resistance genes Cre1 and Cre3 against CCN. The use of perfect markers associated with Cre1 and Cre3 suggested that some SHWs may carry a new CCN resistance gene(s), which could be deployed in breeding programs to increase the diversity of available resistance. The identification of SHWs with resistance to a range of diseases provides an opportunity to generate genetic knowledge and resistant germplasm to be used in future variety development.

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Resistance to the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus thornei in wheat landraces and cultivars from the West Asia and North Africa (WANA) region

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp09159 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 60 (12) ◽

pp. 1209 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

J. P. Thompson ◽

M. M. O'Reilly ◽

T. G. Clewett

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

North Africa ◽

Economic Loss ◽

Wheat Breeding ◽

Root Lesion Nematode ◽

Sources Of Resistance ◽

The West ◽

Pratylenchus Thornei ◽

Lesion Nematode

Resistance to the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus thornei was sought in wheat from the West Asia and North Africa (WANA) region in the Watkins Collection (148 bread and 139 durum wheat accessions) and the McIntosh Collection (59 bread and 43 durum wheat accessions). It was considered that landraces from this region, encompassing the centres of origin of wheat and where P. thornei also occurs, could be valuable sources of resistance for use in wheat breeding. Resistance was determined by number of P. thornei/kg soil after the growth of the plants in replicated glasshouse experiments. On average, durum accessions produced significantly lower numbers of P. thornei than bread wheat accessions in both the Watkins and McIntosh Collections. Selected accessions with low P. thornei numbers were re-tested and 13 bread wheat and 10 durum accessions were identified with nematode numbers not significantly different from GS50a, a partially resistant bread wheat line used as a reference standard. These resistant accessions, which originated in Iran, Iraq, Syria, Egypt, Sudan, Morocco, and Tunisia, represent a resource of resistance genes in the primary wheat gene pool, which could be used in Australian wheat breeding programs to reduce the economic loss from P. thornei.

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Lr72 Confers Resistance to Leaf Rust in Durum Wheat Cultivar Atil C2000

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-07-13-0741-re ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 98 (5) ◽

pp. 631-635 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

S. A. Herrera-Foessel ◽

J. Huerta-Espino ◽

V. Calvo-Salazar ◽

C. X. Lan ◽

R. P. Singh

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Leaf Rust ◽

Resistance Gene ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Triticum Turgidum ◽

Single Gene ◽

Puccinia Triticina ◽

Leaf Rust Resistance ◽

Seedling Resistance ◽

Seedling Resistance Gene

Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina (Pt), has become a globally important disease for durum wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum) since the detection of race group BBG/BN, which renders ineffective a widely deployed seedling resistance gene present in several popular cultivars including Mexican cultivars Altar C84 and Atil C2000. The resistance gene continues to play a key role in protecting durum wheat against bread wheat–predominant races since virulence among this race group has not been found. We developed F3 and F5 mapping populations from a cross between Atil C2000 and the susceptible line Atred #1. Resistance was characterized by greenhouse seedling tests using three Pt races. Segregation tests indicated the presence of a single gene, which was mapped to the distal end of 7BS by bulk segregant analysis. The closest marker, wmc606, was located 5.5 cM proximal to the gene. No known leaf rust resistance genes are reported in this region; this gene was therefore designated as Lr72. The presence of Lr72 was further investigated in greenhouse tests in a collection of durum wheat using 13 Pt races. It was concluded that at least one additional gene protects durum wheat from bread wheat–predominant Pt races.

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Leaf Rust and Stem Rust Resistance in Triticum dicoccoides Populations in Israel

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pd-89-0055 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 89 (1) ◽

pp. 55-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Y. Anikster ◽

J. Manisterski ◽

D. L. Long ◽

K. J. Leonard

Keyword(s):

Leaf Rust ◽

Stem Rust ◽

Puccinia Triticina ◽

Triticum Dicoccoides ◽

Adult Plant ◽

Seedling Resistance ◽

Tel Aviv ◽

Rust Severity ◽

Moderately Resistant ◽

Field Plots

A total of 742 single plant accessions of Triticum dicoccoides were collected from 26 locations in Israel. All accessions were evaluated for leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) resistance in field plots at Tel Aviv, and subsets of 284 and 468 accessions were tested in the greenhouse in Tel Aviv and St. Paul, MN, respectively, for seedling resistance to leaf rust; 460 accessions were also tested for seedling resistance to stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) in St. Paul. One accession was highly resistant to leaf rust in seedling tests in Tel Aviv, and 21 others had moderately susceptible to moderately resistant seedling resistance. Four accessions were highly resistant to leaf rust in seedling tests in St. Paul, and 11 were resistant to at least one stem rust race. Adult resistance to leaf rust was more common than seedling resistance among the accessions; 21 accessions had less than 25% leaf rust severity in field plots compared with 80 to 90% severity for highly susceptible accessions. Most of the accessions with effective adult plant resistance came from two nearby locations in Upper Galilee, a region where populations of T. dicoccoides are most extensive and genetically diverse. These accessions may provide valuable new partial resistance genes for durable protection against leaf rust in cultivated wheat.

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Reaction of wheat lines to leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) in Turkey

Bangladesh Journal of Botany ◽

10.3329/bjb.v36i2.1506 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 163-166 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Umit Arslan ◽

Ozgur Akgun Karbulut ◽

Koksal Yagdi

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Key Words ◽

Leaf Rust ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Puccinia Triticina ◽

Wheat Breeding ◽

Brown Rust ◽

Wheat Lines ◽

Moderately Resistant

The field reactions of 19 bread wheat lines and three durum wheat lines to Puccinia triticina showed that the bread wheat lines were susceptible to moderately susceptible while that of three durum wheat lines were resistant, and moderately resistant. The seedling reactions of bread and durum lines against three races, FHTT, PHTT, and PRTT showed that bread lines were susceptible to all the races while durum lines were resistant. All of the tested durum lines were found to be promising for wheat breeding studies carried out against leaf or brown rust of wheat. Key words: Triticum, Leaf (brown) rust, Puccinia triticina, Susceptibility, Resistance DOI = 10.3329/bjb.v36i2.1506 Bangladesh J. Bot. 36(2): 163-166, 2007 (December)

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Evaluation of Advanced Bread Wheat Lines for Field and Seedling Resistance to Stem Rust (<i>Puccinia graminis</i> f. sp. <i>tritici</i>)

American Journal of Biological and Environmental Statistics ◽

10.11648/j.ajbes.20180402.14 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 74

Author(s):

Bekele Hundie

Keyword(s):

Bread Wheat ◽

Stem Rust ◽

Puccinia Graminis ◽

Seedling Resistance ◽

Wheat Lines

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Transfer of a gene for stem rust resistance from Triticum araraticum to hexaploid wheat

Genome ◽

10.1139/g92-120 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 35 (5) ◽

pp. 788-792 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

P. L. Dyck

Keyword(s):

Stem Rust ◽

Hexaploid Wheat ◽

Rust Resistance ◽

Infection Type ◽

Dominant Gene ◽

Wheat Breeding ◽

Stem Rust Resistance ◽

Seedling Resistance ◽

Transfer Resistance ◽

Triticum Araraticum

A partially dominant gene for seedling resistance to Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici was transferred from two accessions of Triticum araraticum (PGR 6126 and PGR 6195) to hexaploid wheat by a series of backcrosses. This gene confers an intermediate level (infection type 1+ to 2) of resistance to a large number of P. graminis isolates. Because of linkage with the genes Lr13 (1.0%), Lr23 (4.7%), Lr16 (34.4%), Sr36 (21.9%) and the Sr9 (28.0%) locus, this gene is probably on the short arm of chromosome 2B. It has been assigned the symbol Sr40. No apparent deleterious quality characteristics were associated with the transfer of Sr40. This gene is being combined with the closely linked gene Lr13. This recombinant line should be useful in wheat breeding. The concurrent attempt to transfer resistance to P. recondita from T. araraticum to hexaploid wheat was not successful.Key words: Triticum aestivum, stem rust resistance, Triticum araraticum.

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