Leaf Rust and Stem Rust Resistance in Triticum dicoccoides Populations in Israel

A total of 742 single plant accessions of Triticum dicoccoides were collected from 26 locations in Israel. All accessions were evaluated for leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) resistance in field plots at Tel Aviv, and subsets of 284 and 468 accessions were tested in the greenhouse in Tel Aviv and St. Paul, MN, respectively, for seedling resistance to leaf rust; 460 accessions were also tested for seedling resistance to stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) in St. Paul. One accession was highly resistant to leaf rust in seedling tests in Tel Aviv, and 21 others had moderately susceptible to moderately resistant seedling resistance. Four accessions were highly resistant to leaf rust in seedling tests in St. Paul, and 11 were resistant to at least one stem rust race. Adult resistance to leaf rust was more common than seedling resistance among the accessions; 21 accessions had less than 25% leaf rust severity in field plots compared with 80 to 90% severity for highly susceptible accessions. Most of the accessions with effective adult plant resistance came from two nearby locations in Upper Galilee, a region where populations of T. dicoccoides are most extensive and genetically diverse. These accessions may provide valuable new partial resistance genes for durable protection against leaf rust in cultivated wheat.

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Genetic Analysis of Leaf Rust Resistance in Six Durum Wheat Genotypes

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-03-14-0065-r ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 104 (12) ◽

pp. 1322-1328 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Alexander Loladze ◽

Dhouha Kthiri ◽

Curtis Pozniak ◽

Karim Ammar

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Leaf Rust ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Rust Resistance ◽

Durable Resistance ◽

Puccinia Triticina ◽

Leaf Rust Resistance ◽

Adult Plant ◽

Seedling Resistance ◽

Allelism Tests

Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina, is one of the main fungal diseases limiting durum wheat production. This study aimed to characterize previously undescribed genes for leaf rust resistance in durum wheat. Six different resistant durum genotypes were crossed to two susceptible International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) lines and the resulting F1, F2, and F3 progenies were evaluated for leaf rust reactions in the field and under greenhouse conditions. In addition, allelism tests were conducted. The results of the study indicated that most genotypes carried single effective dominant or recessive seedling resistance genes; the only exception to this was genotype Gaza, which carried one adult plant and one seedling resistance gene. In addition, it was concluded that the resistance genes identified in the current study were neither allelic to LrCamayo or Lr61, nor were they related to Lr3 or Lr14a, the genes that already are either ineffective or are considered to be vulnerable for breeding purposes. A complicated allelic or linkage relationship between the identified genes is discussed. The results of the study will be useful for breeding for durable resistance by creating polygenic complexes.

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Seedling resistances to rust diseases in international triticale germplasm

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp10252 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 61 (12) ◽

pp. 1036 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

J. Zhang ◽

C. R. Wellings ◽

R. A. McIntosh ◽

R. F. Park

Keyword(s):

Leaf Rust ◽

Stripe Rust ◽

Plant Resistance ◽

Stem Rust ◽

Rust Resistance ◽

Adult Plant Resistance ◽

Stem Rust Resistance ◽

Adult Plant ◽

Seedling Resistance ◽

Rust Diseases

Seedling resistances to stem rust, leaf rust and stripe rust were evaluated in the 37th International Triticale Screening Nursery, distributed by the International Wheat and Maize Improvement Centre (CIMMYT) in 2005. In stem rust tests, 12 and 69 of a total of 81 entries were postulated to carry Sr27 and SrSatu, respectively. When compared with previous studies of CIMMYT triticale nurseries distributed from 1980 to 1986 and 1991 to 1993, the results suggest a lack of expansion in the diversity of stem rust resistance. A total of 62 of 64 entries were resistant to five leaf rust pathotypes. In stripe rust tests, ~93% of the lines were postulated to carry Yr9 alone or in combination with other genes. The absence of Lr26 in these entries indicated that Yr9 and Lr26 are not genetically associated in triticale. A high proportion of nursery entries (63%) were postulated to carry an uncharacterised gene, YrJackie. The 13 lines resistant to stripe rust and the 62 entries resistant to leaf rust represent potentially useful sources of seedling resistance in developing new triticale cultivars. Field rust tests are needed to verify if seedling susceptible entries also carry adult plant resistance.

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Resistance to wheat leaf rust and stem rust in Triticum tauschii and inheritance in hexaploid wheat of resistance transferred from T. tauschii

Genome ◽

10.1139/g94-116 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 37 (5) ◽

pp. 813-822 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

R. L. Innes ◽

E. R. Kerber

Keyword(s):

Leaf Rust ◽

Stem Rust ◽

Rust Resistance ◽

Leaf Rust Resistance ◽

Adult Plant ◽

Seedling Resistance ◽

Triticum Tauschii ◽

Synthetic Hexaploids ◽

Seedling Leaf ◽

Leaf Rust Resistance Genes

Twelve accessions of Triticum tauschii (Coss.) Schmal. were genetically analyzed for resistance to leaf rust (Puccinia recondita Rob. ex Desm.) and stem rust (Puccinia graminis Pers. f.sp. tritici Eriks. and E. Henn.) of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Four genes conferring seedling resistance to leaf rust, one gene conferring seedling resistance to stem rust, and one gene conferring adult-plant resistance to stem rust were identified. These genes were genetically distinct from genes previously transferred to common wheat from T. tauschii and conferred resistance to a broad spectrum of pathogen races. Two of the four seedling leaf rust resistance genes were not expressed in synthetic hexaploids, produced by combining tetraploid wheat with the resistant T. tauschii accessions, probably owing to the action of one or more intergenomic suppressor loci on the A or B genome. The other two seedling leaf rust resistance genes were expressed at the hexaploid level as effectively as in the source diploids. One gene was mapped to the short arm of chromosome 2D more than 50 cM from the centromere and the other was mapped to chromosome 5D. Suppression of seedling resistance to leaf rust in synthetic hexaploids derived from three accessions of T. tauschii allowed the detection of three different genes conferring adult-plant resistance to a broad spectrum of leaf rust races. The gene for seedling resistance to stem rust was mapped to chromosome ID. The degree of expression of this gene at the hexaploid level was dependent on the genetic background in which it occurred and on environmental conditions. The expression of the adult-plant gene for resistance to stem rust was slightly diminished in hexaploids. The production of synthetic hexaploids was determined to be the most efficient and flexible method for transferring genes from T. tauschii to T. aestivum, but crossing success was determined by the genotypes of both parents. Although more laborious, the direct introgression method of crossing hexaploid wheat with T. tauschii has the advantages of enabling selection for maximum expression of resistance in the background hexaploid genotype and gene transfer into an agronomically superior cultivar.Key words: Triticum tauschii, rust resistance, gene expression, gene transfer, wheat, synthetic hexaploid.

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Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci for Leaf Rust Resistance in the Wheat Population Ning7840 × Clark

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-12-16-1743-re ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 101 (12) ◽

pp. 1974-1979 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Chunlian Li ◽

Zhonghua Wang ◽

Chunxin Li ◽

Robert Bowden ◽

Guihua Bai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Trait Loci ◽

Leaf Rust ◽

Quantitative Trait ◽

Rust Resistance ◽

Puccinia Triticina ◽

Leaf Rust Resistance ◽

Adult Plant ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Trait Loci ◽

Rust Severity

Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina, is an important fungal disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and causes significant yield losses worldwide. To determine quantitative trait loci (QTLs) responsible for leaf rust resistance, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population developed from a cross of Ning7840 × Clark was evaluated for leaf rust severity, and was genotyped for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using 9K Illumina chips, and with simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Two major QTLs on chromosome arms 7DS and 3BS, and two minor QTLs on chromosomes 5AS and 6AS showed a significant effect on leaf rust severity. The 7DS QTL from Ning7840 and the 3BS QTL from Clark explained, respectively, about 35% and 18% of the phenotypic variation for leaf rust resistance. The QTL on 7DS was confirmed to be Lr34. The QTL on 3BS, QLr.hwwg-3B.1, was associated with adult plant resistance and was provisionally identified as Lr74. QLr.hwwg-5AS and QLr.hwwg-6AS from Ning7840 and Clark, respectively, may correspond to previously described QTLs. Lr34, QLr.hwwg-3BS.1, and QLr.hwwg-6AS had an additive effect on leaf rust severity. RILs with all three favorable alleles showed the highest resistance to leaf rust and the RILs with none of them showed the lowest resistance.

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Genetic Analysis of Resistance to Leaf Rust and Stripe Rust in Wheat Cultivar Francolin#1

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-07-13-0707-re ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 98 (9) ◽

pp. 1227-1234 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

C. X. Lan ◽

R. P. Singh ◽

J. Huerta-Espino ◽

V. Calvo-Salazar ◽

S. A. Herrera-Foessel

Keyword(s):

Leaf Rust ◽

Stripe Rust ◽

Genetic Basis ◽

Adult Plant Resistance ◽

Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽

Adult Plant ◽

Seedling Resistance ◽

Resistant Varieties ◽

Rust Severity ◽

Additive Genes

Leaf rust and stripe rust are important diseases of wheat and can be controlled by growing resistant varieties. We investigated the genetic basis of resistance to both rusts in 198 F5 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between ‘Avocet’ and ‘Francolin#1’. The population was phenotyped in greenhouse and field, and genotyped with known gene-associated molecular markers. Seedling resistance of Francolin#1 to leaf and stripe rusts was attributed to the loosely linked genes Lr16 and YrF, respectively, with a recombination frequency of 0.36. Field segregation indicated that adult plant resistance (APR) to leaf and stripe rusts was conferred by three and five additive genes, respectively. Among them, Lr46/Yr29 was associated with resistance to both rusts in Francolin#1, Lr16 reduced field leaf rust severity by 8 to 9%, and YrF contributed to 10 to 25% reductions in stripe rust severity. The Lr16 region was also associated with a 5 to 16% reduction in stripe rust severity, which is likely due to its linkage with YrF or another unidentified stripe rust APR gene. Significant additive effects on stripe rust were detected between YrF and Yr29. We conclude that APR in Francolin#1 to leaf and stripe rusts involves a combination of seedling and APR genes.

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Resistance to Leaf Rust, Stripe Rust, and Stem Rust in Aegilops spp. in Israel

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pd-89-0303 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 89 (3) ◽

pp. 303-308 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Y. Anikster ◽

J. Manisterski ◽

D. L. Long ◽

K. J. Leonard

Keyword(s):

Leaf Rust ◽

Common Wheat ◽

Stripe Rust ◽

Stem Rust ◽

Field Tests ◽

Puccinia Triticina ◽

Wheat Breeding ◽

Wheat Leaf Rust ◽

Seedling Resistance ◽

Wheat Leaf

In all, 1,323 single plant accessions of Aegilops bicornis, A. kotschyi, A. longissima, A. ovata, A. searsii, A. sharonensis, A. speltoides, and A. variabilis collected from 18 regions in Israel and 2 adjacent regions in Lebanon and Egypt were evaluated for leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) and stripe rust (P. striiformis) resistance in field plots and for seedling resistance to leaf rust and stem rust (P. graminis f. sp. tritici) in greenhouse tests. Nearly all accessions of A. speltoides were highly resistant to leaf rust, stripe rust, and stem rust. A. longissima and A. ovata were highly resistant to stripe rust, whereas A. bicornis and A. kotschyi were highly susceptible. A. searsii was highly susceptible to stem rust, but 24 to 51% of accessions of A. bicornis, A. longissima, A. ovata, and A. variabilis were resistant to stem rust. Except for A. ovata and A. speltoides, more than 95% of the Aegilops accessions were susceptible to leaf rust caused by P. recondita alternating on Anchusa spp. Only Aegilops ovata was susceptible to P. recondita from Echium spp. A. bicornis, A. koschyi, and A. searsii were highly susceptible as seedlings to common wheat leaf rust caused by P. triticina. Most accessions of A. variabilis and about half of the accessions of A. longissima had good seedling resistance to P. triticina. Few accessions of A. ovata showed seedling resistance to the P. triticina population in Israel, but 30% were resistant to U.S. isolates. In field tests, A. bicornis showed high susceptibility to common wheat leaf rust, but more than 90% of the accessions of the other Aegilops spp. developed little or no leaf rust on adult plants. The Aegilops spp. in Israel and adjoining countries provide a rich and varied source of rust resistance for wheat breeding.

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Lr19 Resistance in Wheat Becomes Susceptible to Puccinia triticina in India

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pd-89-1360a ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 89 (12) ◽

pp. 1360-1360 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

S. C. Bhardwaj ◽

M. Prashar ◽

S. Kumar ◽

S. K. Jain ◽

D. Datta

Keyword(s):

Leaf Rust ◽

Wheat Variety ◽

Puccinia Triticina ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Wheat Breeding ◽

Adult Plant ◽

Distribution Data ◽

Agropyron Elongatum ◽

Peninsular India ◽

Slow Rusting

Lr19, a resistance gene originally transferred from Agropyron elongatum to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), has remained effective worldwide against leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Eriks.) except in Mexico (1). This report records a new pathotype of P. triticina virulent on Lr19 from India. From 2003 to 2004, 622 wheat leaf rust samples from 14 states were subjected to pathotype analysis. Samples were established on susceptible wheat cv. Agra Local, and pathotypes were identified on three sets of differentials following binomial nomenclature (3). Virulence on Lr19 (Agatha T4 line) was observed in approximately 2% of samples. These samples were picked from Lr19 (NIL), cvs. Ajit, Lal Bahadur, Local Red, Lok1, and Nirbhay from Karnataka and Gujarat states. All Lr19 virulent isolates were identical. The reference culture is being maintained on susceptible wheat cv. Agra Local and has also been put under long-term storage in a national repository at Flowerdale. From 2004 to 2005, this pathotype was detected in 6.3% of samples from central and peninsular India. There is no wheat variety with Lr19 under cultivation in India, however, it is being used in wheat breeding programs targeted at building resistance against leaf and stem rusts. NIL's Lr19/Sr25 (LC25) and Lr19/Sr25 (82.2711) were also susceptible to this isolate, whereas Lr19/Sr25 (spring accession) was resistant. The new isolate, designated as 253R31 (77-8), appears to be close to the pathotype 109R31 (4) with additional virulence for Lr19. The avirulence/virulence formula of pathotype 253R31 is Lr9, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27+31, 28, 29, 32, 36, 39, 41, 42, 43, 45/Lr1, 2a, 2b, 2c, 3, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14a, 14b, 14ab, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22a, 22b, 30, 33, 34, 35, 37, 38, 40, 44, 48, and 49. To our knowledge, this is the first report of virulence on Lr19 from two states of India. On international rust differentials, it is designated as TGTTQ (2), and is different from CBJ/QQ (1), the other isolate reported virulent on Lr19 from Mexico. The Mexican isolate is avirulent on Lr1, 2a, 2b, 2c, 3ka, 16, 21, and 30 to which the Indian isolate is virulent. However, both isolates are avirulent on Lr9, 24, 26, 36, and Lr42. Among the wheat cultivars identified during the last 6 years, HD2824, HD2833, HD2864, HI1500, HS375, HUW 510, HW 2044, HW 5001, Lok 45, MACS 6145, MP4010, NW 2036, PBW 443, PBW 498, PBW 502, PBW 524, Raj 4037, UP 2565, VL 804, VL 829, and VL 832 and lines of wheat possessing Lr9, Lr23, Lr24, and Lr26 showed resistance to this pathotype. PBW 343, which occupies more than 5 million ha in India, is also resistant to this pathotype along with PBW 373. An integrated strategy using a combination of diverse resistance genes, deployment of cultivars by using pathotype distribution data, slow rusting, and adult plant resistance is in place to curtail selection of new pathotypes and prevent rust epiphytotics. References: (1) J. Huerta-Espino and R. P. Singh. Plant Dis. 78:640,1994. (2) D. V. Mc Vey et al. Plant Dis. 88:271, 2004. (3) S. Nagarajan et al. Curr. Sci. 52:413, 1983. (4) S. K. Nayar et al. Curr. Sci. 44:742, 1975.

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Physiologic Specialization and Genetic Differentiation of Puccinia triticina Causing Leaf Rust of Wheat in the Indian Subcontinent during 2016-2019

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-06-20-1382-re ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Subhash Chander Bhardwaj ◽

Subodh Kumar ◽

Om Prakash Gangwar ◽

Pramod Prasad ◽

Prem Lal Kashyap ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Rust ◽

Indian Subcontinent ◽

Puccinia Triticina ◽

Leaf Rust Resistance ◽

International Communication ◽

Field Resistance ◽

Adult Plant ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

The North ◽

High Degree

Wheat is the second most cultivated cereal in the world and is equally important in India. Leaf (brown) rust, caused by Puccinia triticina, was most prevalent among the three rusts in all the wheat-growing areas of India, Bhutan, and Nepal during 2016 to 2019. Leaf rust samples from wheat crops in these countries were pathotyped using the wheat differential genotypes and binomial Indian system of nomenclature. To facilitate international communication, each pathotype identified was also tested on the North American differentials. A total of 33 pathotypes were identified from 1,086 samples, including 3 new pathotypes, 61R47 (162-5 = KHTDM) and 93R49 (49 = NHKTN) from India and 93R57 (20-1 = NHKTL) from Nepal. Two pathotypes, 121R60-1 (77-9/52 = MHTKL) and 121R63-1 (77-5 = THTTM), accounted for 79.46% of the population. Virulence on Lr19 was identified in 0.27% of the samples and from Nepal only. The proportion of pathotype 121R60-1 (77-9 = MHTKL) increased during these years to 57.55%. Virulence was not observed to Lr9, Lr24, Lr25, Lr28, Lr32, Lr39, Lr45, and Lr47 in the population of the Indian subcontinent. Eighteen polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer pairs tested on the isolates amplified 48 alleles with an average of 2.66 alleles per primer pair. Based on SSR genotyping, these pathotypes could be grouped into two clades with further two subclades each. Many of the Lr genes present in Indian wheat germplasm (Lr1, Lr3a, Lr10, Lr11, Lr14a, Lr15, Lr16, Lr17, Lr20, Lr23, and Lr26) were ineffective to a majority of the pathotypes. Most of these varieties possessed a high degree of leaf rust resistance. The field resistance of wheat varieties could be attributed to the interaction of genes, unknown resistance, or adult plant resistance.

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Mapping of Adult Plant Leaf Rust Resistance in Aus27506 and Validation of Underlying Loci by In-Planta Fungal Biomass Accumulation

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10070943 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 943

Author(s):

Pakeerathan Kandiah ◽

Mumta Chhetri ◽

Matthew Hayden ◽

Michael Ayliffe ◽

Harbans Bariana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Rust ◽

Rust Resistance ◽

Green Revolution ◽

Puccinia Triticina ◽

Biomass Accumulation ◽

Leaf Rust Resistance ◽

Adult Plant ◽

In Planta ◽

Plant Leaf ◽

Ril Population

Among the rust diseases, leaf rust of wheat caused by Puccinia triticina, is the most prevalent worldwide and causes significant yield losses. This study aimed to determine the genomic location of loci that control adult plant resistance (APR) to leaf rust in the pre-Green Revolution landrace accession, Aus27506, from the “Watkins Collection”. An Aus27506/Aus27229-derived F7 recombinant inbred line (RIL) population was screened under field conditions across three cropping seasons and genotyped with the iSelect 90K Infinium SNP bead chip array. One quantitative trait loci (QTL) on each of the chromosomes 1BL, 2B and 2DL explained most of the leaf rust response variation in the RIL population, and these were named QLr.sun-1BL, QLr.sun-2B and QLr.sun-2DL, respectively. QLr.sun-1BL and QLr.sun-2DL were contributed by Aus27506. QLr.sun-1BL is likely Lr46, while QLr.sun-2DL appeared to be a new APR locus. The alternate parent, Aus27229, carried the putatively new APR locus QLr.sun-2B. The comparison of average severities among RILs carrying these QTL in different combinations indicated that QLr.sun-2B does not interact with either of the other two QTL; however, the combination of QLr.sun-1BL and QLr.sun-2DL reduced disease severity significantly. In planta fungal quantification assays validated these results. The RILs carrying QLr.sun-1BL and QLr.sun-2DL did not differ significantly from the parent Aus27506 in terms of resistance. Aus27506 can be used as a source of adult plant leaf rust resistance in breeding programs.

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Transfer to hexaploid wheat of linked genes for adult-plant leaf rust and seedling stem rust resistance from an amphiploid of Aegilops speltoides × Triticum monococcum

Genome ◽

10.1139/g90-079 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 530-537 ◽

Cited By ~ 70

Author(s):

E. R. Kerber ◽

P. L. Dyck

Keyword(s):

Leaf Rust ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Stem Rust ◽

Rust Resistance ◽

Dominant Gene ◽

Leaf Rust Resistance ◽

Stem Rust Resistance ◽

Adult Plant ◽

Aegilops Speltoides ◽

Plant Leaf

A partially dominant gene for adult-plant leaf rust resistance together with a linked, partially dominant gene for stem rust resistance were transferred to the hexaploid wheat cultivar 'Marquis' from an amphiploid of Aegilops speltoides × Triticum monococcum by direct crossing and backcrossing. Pathological evidence indicated that the alien resistance genes were derived from Ae. speltoides. Differential transmission of the resistance genes through the male gametes occurred in hexaploid hybrids involving the resistant 'Marquis' stock and resulted in distorted segregation ratios. In heterozygotes, pairing between the chromosome arm with the alien segment and the corresponding arm of the normal wheat chromosome was greatly reduced. The apparent close linkage between the two resistance genes, 3 ± 1.07 crossover units, was misleading because of this decrease in pairing in the presence of the 5B diploidizing mechanism. The newly identified gene for adult-plant leaf rust resistance, located on chromosome 2B, is different from adult-plant resistance genes Lr12, Lr13, and Lr22 and from that in the hexaploid accession PI250413; it has been designated Lr35. It is not known whether the newly transferred gene for stem rust resistance differs from Sr32, also derived from Ae. speltoides and located on chromosomes 2B.Key words: hexaploid, Triticum, Aegilops, aneuploid, Puccinia graminis, Puccinia recondita.

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