scholarly journals The role of small noncoding RNAS in the pathogenesis of coronary arteries atherosclerosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
E. A. Polyakova ◽  
M. I. Zaraiskii ◽  
O. A. Berkovich ◽  
E. I. Baranova ◽  
E. V. Shlyakhto
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Left Atrium ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Coronary Atherosclerosis ◽  
Classification Tree ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Significant Stenosis ◽  
Atherosclerotic Stenosis ◽  
Significant Difference

Background.Cardiovascular disease, including coronary artery disease (CAD), remains a leading cause of mortality. The results of recent studies demonstrate that microRNA engages in pathogenesis of different pathological states, including coronary atherosclerosis and its clinical manifestation — CAD.Objective.To evaluate microRNA-27а, microRNA-133а and microRNA-203 expression in cardiomyocytes and blood serum of CAD patients with different degrees of coronary artery lesion.Design and methods. 100 patients were included in the study, they formed 3 groups: 40 patients with CAD and significant atherosclerosis of 1-2 coronary arteries; 40 patients with multi arterial coronary disease and 20 persons without CAD and significant comorbidity. The microRNA-27a, microRNA-133а and microRNA-203 expression was determined in cardiomyocytes and blood serum of these patients by real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results.Level of microRNA-27a, microRNA-133а and microRNA-203 expression in left atrium cardiomyocytes of CAD patients with significant stenosis of 3 or more coronary arteries was higher, then their expression in the patients with 1-2-vessel and in group without coronary atherosclerosis. Examination of the microRNA expression level in blood serum and in left atrium cardiomyocytes revealed a significant difference. The expression of microRNA-27a and microRNA-133а in cardiomyocytes is above than in blood serum, while the expression of microRNA-203 in the myocardium is lower, than in the blood serum. Level of microRNA-27a, microRNA-133а and microRNA-203 expression in blood serum in CAD patients with significant stenosis of 3 or more coronary arteries was significantly higher, than in patients with 1-2 stenosis of coronary arteries. Furthermore, classification tree method established that risk of atherosclerotic heart disease increases five-fold if microRNA-203 expression in blood serum is more than 100 REU.Conclusion.MicroRNA-27а and microRNA-133а expression in cardiomyocytes of left atrium is higher than in blood serum in CAD patients. MicroRNA-203 expression level in blood serum may be a new predictive marker of coronary artery degree atherosclerotic stenosis in CAD patients.

scholarly journals Coronary tortuosity is negatively correlated with coronary atherosclerosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 5205-5209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Li ◽  
Yi Feng ◽  
Genshan Ma ◽  
Chengxing Shen ◽  
Naifeng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Coronary Atherosclerosis ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Atherosclerotic Stenosis ◽  
Coronary Tortuosity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Objective The impact of coronary tortuosity on coronary atherosclerosis remains unclear. This study was performed to determine to the relationship between coronary tortuosity and the presence of coronary atherosclerosis. Methods Tortuosity and the presence of coronary atherosclerosis in the main coronary arteries were evaluated. The coronary artery was divided into non-tortuous and tortuous segments. The incidence of coronary atherosclerosis between the two segments was compared. Results The prevalence of coronary atherosclerotic stenosis was significantly lower in the tortuous than non-tortuous segment. Conclusion The prevalence of coronary atherosclerotic stenosis is lower in the coronary tortuous than non-tortuous segment, indicating that coronary tortuosity might be considered a protective factor for atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals Diagnostic value of noninvasive comprehensive morphological and functional assessment of coronary artery disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-143
Author(s):  
Zorica Mladenovic ◽  
Ana Djordjevic-Dikic ◽  
Predrag Djuric ◽  
Andjelka Angelkov-Ristic ◽  
Boris Dzudovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Angiography ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Transthoracic Doppler Echocardiography ◽  
Significant Stenosis ◽  
Flow Reserve ◽  
Luminal Narrowing ◽  
Significant Difference

Background/Aim. Recently adopted technique, Transthoracic Doppler Echocardiography (TDE) enables the estimate of functional significance of coronary luminal narrowing. A multi-slice computed coronary angiography (MSCT), as one of the most important noninvasive methods, offers us a quite precise visualization of morphological characteristics of atherosclerotic changes in coronary arteries. We have tried to evaluate the most reliable noninvasive approach aimed at the detection of major stenosis on the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and the right coronary artery (RCA). Methods. This study involved 84 patients, with the previously detected atherosclerotic lesions on the LAD and/or RCA by MSCT. The coronary flow reserve (CFR) assessment by TDE with adenosine was obtained in LAD (n = 75); RCA (n = 61), resulting in 136 vessels subjected to the analysis. Invasive coronary angiography (ICA) was performed in all patients within 24 to 48 hours after the CFR as a reference technique. Results. The Cochrans Q test proved a significant statistical difference among these techniques in detection of a significant stenosis on the LAD and RCA (p < 0.01). Further analyses revealed a significant difference between the MSCT and CFR (p < 0.05), MSCT and ICA (p < 0.01), whereas we did not find a significant difference between the CFR and ICA (p > 0.05). The main discrepancies in results among the CFR, ICA and MSCT were noticed concerning intermediate and severe stenosis on the MSCT. The MSCT had a diagnostic accuracy for the LAD 66.67%, for the RCA 75.%, the CFR had for the LAD 90% and for the RCA 81.67%, in detection of significant stenosis. Where the consensus was reached between both techniques, diagnostic accuracy was improved for the LAD 97.33% and the RCA 90 %. Conclusion. Comprehensive noninvasive evaluation of both anatomical and functional imaging in coronary diseases makes the optimal approach for precise, noninvasive assessment of the coronary artery lesions in the coronary arteries.

Smooth muscles from spastic coronary artery segments show hypercontractility to histamine

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (1) ◽  
pp. H9-H13 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Satoh ◽  
H. Tomoike ◽  
W. Mitsuoka ◽  
S. Egashira ◽  
H. Tagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Coronary Spasm ◽  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
Bolus Administration ◽  
Luminal Diameter ◽  
Endothelial Denudation ◽  
Significant Difference

An animal model of coronary spasm was produced in Gottingen miniature pigs by a selective endothelial denudation of the coronary artery. Five months after the denudation, intracoronary bolus administration of 10 micrograms/kg histamine reduced the luminal diameter angiographically by 57 +/- 16 and 17 +/- 10% (P less than 0.01) in the previously denuded and contralateral control coronary arteries. Muscle fibers of 0.08–0.1 mm wide were prepared from circumferential bundles of the medial smooth muscle in the spastic and nonspastic coronary arteries. Upward shifts of either dose-tonic contraction relationships in Ca2(+)-containing solution or dose-monophasic contraction relationships in Ca2(+)-free solution were noted in muscle fibers taken from the spastic site compared with those from the nonspastic site with no difference between the mean effective dose values. After skinning the muscle fibers with saponin, there was no significant difference in the Ca2+ concentration-tension relationships between the two fibers. These findings suggest that an increased number of histaminergic receptors and/or augmentation of signal transduction, but not Ca2+ sensitivity of the contractile proteins in the medial smooth muscle cells, cause histamine-induced coronary hypercontraction.

scholarly journals Anomalous Origin of All Coronary Arteries from Right Sinus of Valsalva

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-172
Author(s):  
Harini Bollempalli ◽  
Vijay G. Divakaran ◽  
Andrew C. Kontak ◽  
Patricia C. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Sinus Of Valsalva ◽  
Exertional Dyspnea ◽  
Atherosclerotic Stenosis ◽  
Obtuse Marginal Branch ◽  
Obtuse Marginal ◽  
The Right ◽  
Anomalous Coronary ◽  
Anomalous Coronary Arteries

Anomalous coronary arteries are rare and often incidental findings. Most variants are benign. We present the case of a 75-year-old man with exertional dyspnea in whom the left anterior descending coronary artery arose from the right sinus of Valsalva, and the left circumflex coronary artery originated from the distal right coronary artery and supplied the obtuse marginal branch. No arteries originated from the left sinus of Valsalva. The patient was prescribed optimal medical therapy for atherosclerotic stenosis in his ramus intermedius. His symptoms were stable 3 years later.

scholarly journals 1179 Echocardiographic signs of aortic atherosclerosis in combination with clinical parameters for prediction of non-obstructive coronary atherosclerosis in men

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E I Yaroslavskaya ◽  
V Kuznetsov ◽  
E A Gorbatenko
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Angiography ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Coronary Atherosclerosis ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Aortic Atherosclerosis ◽  
Significant Stenosis

Abstract Background Traditionally the gold standard for diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) is detection of significant stenosis by coronary angiography. However, most myocardial infarctions result from ruptures of plaques that did not significantly compromise coronary lumen before the event. It was proved that significant stenosis is associated with stable CAD but non-significant coronary atherosclerosis is associated with unstable angina and acute coronary syndrome. Purpose To reveal predictors of non-significant coronary atherosclerosis using echocardiographic and clinical parameters in suspected CAD men without obstructive CAD by coronary angiography. Methods Out of 17.784 patients from coronary angiography database we selected 1.957 men without obstructive CAD. Selected men were divided into two groups randomly (1.389 - studied group and 568 – test group). The studied group was divided into subgroups: 304 men with non-significant coronary atherosclerosis (luminal narrowing or stenosis less than 30%) and 1.085 men with smooth coronary artery. Clinical and functional parameters of subgroups patients were compared. For selection of scoring variables, we used the values of the Cramer coefficient and the information value index - IV. All quantitative variables were converted into categorical using the binning procedure. Based on the values of WoE, the model of logistic regression was constructed using stepwise variable selection. Results The model includes independent variables with an average and high prognostic ability: echocardiographic signs of atherosclerosis of the ascending aorta, age, atherogenic index, arterial hypertension. By converting the coefficients of the logistic regression equation obtained into scores, a scoring model was developed to assess the probability of non-obstructive coronary atherosclerosis in men. Based on ROC analysis, in the studied group the specificity of the model for detection of nonsignificant coronary atherosclerosis was 67%, the sensitivity was 65%, the area under the ROC curve - 0.711. For the patients of the test group sensitivity was 68% and specificity - 63%, the area under the ROC curve - 0.687. Conclusion Nonsignificant coronary atherosclerosis in men with suspected CAD can be predicted before CAG by screening test based on echocardiographic signs of aortic atherosclerosis, age, atherogenic index and arterial hypertension.

scholarly journals Towards reference values of pericoronary adipose tissue attenuation: impact of coronary artery and tube voltage in coronary computed tomography angiography

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 6838-6846
Author(s):  
Runlei Ma ◽  
Daan Ties ◽  
Marly van Assen ◽  
Gert Jan Pelgrim ◽  
Grigory Sidorenkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Tube Voltage ◽  
Coronary Ct ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dual Source ◽  
One Way Anova

Abstract Objectives To determine normal pericoronary adipose tissue mean attenuation (PCATMA) values for left the anterior descending (LAD), left circumflex (LCX), and right coronary artery (RCA) in patients without plaques on coronary CT angiography (cCTA), taking into account tube voltage influence. Methods This retrospective study included 192 patients (76 (39.6%) men; median age 49 years (range, 19–79)) who underwent cCTA with third-generation dual-source CT for the suspicion of CAD between 2015 and 2017. We selected patients without plaque on cCTA. PCATMA was measured semi-automatically on cCTA images in the proximal segment of the three main coronary arteries with 10 mm length. Paired t-testing was used to compare PCATMA between combinations of two coronary arteries within each patient, and one-way ANOVA testing was used to compare PCATMA in different kV groups. Results The overall mean ± standard deviation (SD) PCATMA was − 90.3 ± 11.1 HU. PCATMA in men was higher than that in women: − 88.5 ± 10.5 HU versus − 91.5 ± 11.3 HU (p = 0.001). PCATMA of LAD, LCX, and RCA was − 92.4 ± 11.6 HU, − 88.4 ± 9.9 HU, and − 90.2 ± 11.4 HU, respectively. Pairwise comparison of the arteries showed significant difference in PCATMA: LAD and LCX (p < 0.001), LAD and RCA (p = 0.009), LCX and RCA (p = 0.033). PCATMA of the 70 kV, 80 kV, 90 kV, 100 kV, and 120 kV groups was − 95.6 ± 9.6 HU, − 90.2 ± 11.5 HU, − 87.3 ± 9.9 HU, − 82.7 ± 6.2 HU, and − 79.3 ± 6.8 HU, respectively (p < 0.001). Conclusions In patients without plaque on cCTA, PCATMA varied by tube voltage, with minor differences in PCATMA between coronary arteries (LAD, LCX, RCA). PCATMA values need to be interpreted taking into account tube voltage setting. Key Points • In patients without plaque on cCTA, PCATMAdiffers slightly by coronary artery (LAD, LCX, RCA). • Tube voltage of cCTA affects PCATMAmeasurement, with mean PCATMAincreasing linearly with increasing kV. • For longitudinal cCTA analysis of PCATMA, the use of equal kV setting is strongly recommended.

Inflammatory associated microRNAs expression in cardiomyocytes and blood serum in CAD patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Polyakova ◽  
M Zaraiskii ◽  
E Baranova ◽  
E Shlyakhto
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Coronary Atherosclerosis ◽  
Bypass Graft ◽  
Coronary Vessels ◽  
Tissue Expression ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Serum Mirna ◽  
History Of ◽  
Decision Tree Method

Abstract Objective To evaluate inflammatory associated microRNAs: miRNA-27a, miRNA-133a and miRNA-203 expression in CAD patients and to explore whether tissue expression is correlated with serum miRNA expression. Methods This cross-sectional observational study comprised 100 subjects (mean age 60.9±1.0 years old; 67% men). The left atrial and blood serum expression of the miRNA-27a, miRNA-133a and miR-203 was analyzed using real-time PCR in. 80 patients referred for CABG surgery (40 of them with multi-vessel CAD) and 20 control patients undergoing heart valve surgery. Patients with CAD did not have a history of myocardial infarction, they were patients with stable chronic CAD with planned coronary arteries bypass graft surgery (CABG). Results The levels of miRNA-27a, miRNA-133a and miRNA-203 myocardial and serum expression in patients with clinically relevant three-vessel coronary stenosis were significantly higher than in patients with 1–2 vessel disease, and significantly higher in both CAD cohorts compared to subjects without coronary atherosclerosis. The myocardial expression of miRNA-27a and miRNA-133a was significantly higher than serum expression, while miRNA-203 myocardial expression was lower serum expression. Serum miRNA-203 expression displayed the greatest differences between compared groups. Decision tree method established that the risk of atherosclerotic heart disease increases five-fold if miRNA-203 serum expression was more than 101.00 REU (OR 5.9 & CI 94.21–107.93). Conclusions Myocardial miRNA-27a, miRNA-133a and miRNA-203 expression in the left atrium and blood serum is higher in CAD patients than in non-CAD subjects, and the expression level is strongly associated with the number of affected coronary vessels. Although larger studies are required to confirm our findings, our results suggest that serum miRNA-203 expression level is correlated with myocardial tissue expression, severity of coronary atherosclerosis and might be proposed as a marker of the CAD extent. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

scholarly journals The degree of coronary atherosclerosis as a marker of insulin resistance in non-diabetics

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 436-443
Author(s):  
Biljana Parapid ◽  
Jovica Saponjski ◽  
Mladen Ostojic ◽  
Vladan Vukcevic ◽  
Sinisa Stojkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Coronary Atherosclerosis ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Significant Stenosis ◽  
Vessel Disease ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Lipid Panel ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction. The metabolic syndrome and its influence on coronary artery disease development and progression remains in focus of international research debates, while insulin resistance, which represents its core, is the key component of hypertension, dyslipidaemias, glucose intolerance and obesity. Objective. The aim of this study was to establish relationship between basal glucose and insulin levels, insulin sensitivity and lipid panel and the degree of coronary atherosclerosis in nondiabetic patients. Methods. The coronary angiograms were evaluated for the presence of significant stenosis, insulin sensitivity was assessed using the intravenous glucose tolerance test with a minimal model according to Bergman, while baseline glucose (G0), insulin (I0) and lipid panel measurements (TC, HDL, LDL, TG) were taken after a 12-hour fasting. Results. The protocol encompassed 40 patients (19 men and 21 women) treated at the Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases of the Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade. All were non-diabetics who were divided into 3 groups based on their angios: Group A (6 patients, 15%, with no significant stenosis), Group B (18 patients, 45%, with a single-vessel disease) and Group C (16 patients, 40%, with multi-vessel disease). Presence of lower insulin sensitivity, higher I0 and TC in the group of patients with a more severe degree of coronary atherosclerosis (insulin sensitivity: F=4.279, p=0.023, A vs. C p=0.012, B vs. C p=0.038; I0: F=3.461 p=0.042, A vs. B p=0.045, A vs. C p=0.013; TC: F=2.572, p=0.09), while no significant difference was found for G0, LDL, HDL and TG. Conclusion. Baseline insulinaemia, more precisely, fasting hyperinsulinaemia could be a good predictor of significant coronary atherosclerosis in non-diabetic patients, which enables a more elegant cardiometabolic risk assessment in the setting of everyday clinical practice.

Prevalence of coronary artery intramyocardial course in a large population of clinical patients detected by multislice computed tomography coronary angiography

2008 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 895-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. De Rosa ◽  
M. Sacco ◽  
C. Tedeschi ◽  
R. Pepe ◽  
P. Capogrosso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Coronary Anomaly ◽  
Myocardial Bridging ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean

Background: Intramyocardial course, an inborn coronary anomaly, is defined as a segment of a major epicardial coronary artery that runs intramurally through the myocardium; in particular, we distinguish myocardial bridging, in which the vessel returns to an epicardial position after the muscle bridge, and intramyocardial course, which is described as a vessel running and ending in the myocardium. Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence of myocardial bridging and intramyocardial course of coronary arteries as defined by multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) angiography. Material and Methods: The study population consisted of 242 consecutive patients (211 men, 31 women; mean age 59±6 years) with atypical chest pain admitted to our hospital between December 2004 and September 2006. All MDCT examinations were performed using a 16-detector-row scanner (Aquilion 16 CFX; Toshiba Medical System, Tokyo, Japan). Patients with heart rate above 65 bpm received 50 mg atenolol orally for 3 days prior to the MDCT scan, or they increased their usual therapy with beta-blockers, in order to obtain a prescan heart rate <60 bpm. Curved multiplanar and 3D volume reconstructions were performed to explore coronary anatomy. Results: In 235 patients, the CT scan was successful and images were appropriate for evaluation. The prevalence of myocardial bridging and intramyocardial course of coronary arteries was 18.7% (47 cases) in our patient population. In 30 segments (63.8%), the vessels ran and ended in the myocardium. In the remaining 17 segments (36.2%), the vessels returned to an epicardial position after the muscle bridge. We found no difference in the prevalence of this inborn coronary anomaly when comparing different clinical characteristics of the study population (sex, age, body-mass index [BMI], etc.). The mean length of the subepicardial artery was 7 mm (range 5–12 mm), and the mean depth in the diastolic phase was 1.9 mm (range 1.2–2.3 mm). There was no significant difference of diameter in these segments between the different R–R phases examined. Conclusion: Our study is in agreement with major angiographic literature reporting a prevalence of myocardial bridging and intramyocardial course between 0.5% and 33%. MDCT technology represents a useful, noninvasive imaging method to assess and evaluate the location, depth, and length of this anatomical variation.

Association between Helicobacter. pylori and coronary artery disease

Open Medicine ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-112
Author(s):  
Setareh Davoudi ◽  
Abbas Omran ◽  
Mohammad Boroumand ◽  
Nasrin Rahimian ◽  
Soheil Saadat
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Predictive Factor ◽  
Coronary Atherosclerosis ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Independent Predictive Factor ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Artery Disease

AbstractThe high prevalence of both Helicobacter.pylori infection and coronary atherosclerosis in our country prompted us to assess the probable association between both conditions. This cross-sectional study recruited 153 patients scheduled to undergo coronary artery angiography. Patients were divided into two groups on the basis of coronary angiography results. Sixty-nine patients had coronary atherosclerosis and the 84 remaining patients were normal. Characteristics and pre-angiographic serum levels of triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and Helicobacter.pylori IgG antibody were assessed in the patients and compared between the groups. Helicobacter.pylori infection occurred in 88 (57.51%) patients: 40 (58%) in the atherosclerotic group and 48 (57.1%) in the control group with no significant differences (P=0.918). Our multivariable analysis revealed that Helicobacter.pylori infection was not an independent predictive factor for coronary artery disease (P =0.915). Also, the prevalence of atherosclerosis risk factors with respect to the seropositive and seronegative Helicobacter.pylori infection was assessed in the case group, which showed no significant difference. Furthermore, the prevalence of seropositive Helicobacter.pylori infection in terms of the number of diseased coronary vessels was evaluated, this demonstrated no significant association between the number of the diseased vessels and Helicobacter.pylori infection. This study demonstrated that Helicobacter.pylori infection was not an independent predictive factor of atherosclerosis.

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