scholarly journals CULTURAL SOCIOLOGY AND MEDIATIZED POLITICS; A COMPARATIVE CASE STUDY OF US PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS AND IRANIAN PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (15) ◽  
pp. 1392-1403
Author(s):  
Gholam Reza Haddad
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Election ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Cultural Sociology ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Political Subjectivity ◽  
Presidential Election Of 2008 ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
Macro Scale

After information and communication revolution, social and political life has been deeply mediatized. Besides, the diverse and conventional interpretations made for Mediatization so far, this paper has been developed based on a particular interpretation of mediatized politics which describes a situation in which the media‘s expanding role and presence in the political life of societies has provided the possibility of Special political activism for ordinary people. This research seeks to answer the main question that whether mediatization of politics affects all societies regardless of their specific capacities and context or it is a contextual phenomenon that has different outcomes in different societies. In this regard two cases, “Joe the Plumber” in US presidential election of 2008 and Mirza Agha in Iranian presidential election 2017 are chosen as ordinary citizens that mediatization of politics enabled them to emerge as a political active subject. By choosing cultural sociology as a theoretical framework, and a comparative study between these two cases in three indices included the dynamics of political subjectivity, media typology and the survival of political subjectivity, this paper has shown that mediatization of politics is a contextual phenomenon, in the sense that in developed democratic society, will lead to the maximum dynamics of political subjectivity in all levels of macro-scale, medium-scale , and micro-scale media and long term durability of subjectivity, while in developing society and pseudo-democracies it would be limited to the durations of holding election and just the minimal dynamics of political subjectivity only in micro-scale media is visible. Keywords: mediatization of politics, Cultural Sociology, Joe the plumber, Mirza Agha, Presidential election.

scholarly journals 2D-wavelet based micro and macro texture analysis for asphalt pavement under snow or ice condition

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Li ◽  
Gulnigar Ablat ◽  
Siqi Zhou ◽  
Yixin Liu ◽  
Yufeng Bi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wavelet Transform ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Texture Characteristics ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Resistance Performance

AbstractIn ice and snow weather, the surface texture characteristics of asphalt pavement change, which will significantly affect the skid resistance performance of asphalt pavement. In this study, five asphalt mixture types of AC-5, AC-13, AC-16, SMA-13, SMA-16 were prepared under three conditions of the original state, ice and snow. In this paper, a 2D-wavelet transform approach is proposed to characterize the micro and macro texture of pavement. The Normalized Energy (NE) is proposed to describe the pavement texture quantitatively. Compared with the mean texture depth (MTD), NE has the advantages of full coverage, full automation and wide analytical scale. The results show that snow increases the micro-scale texture because of its fluffiness, while the formation of the ice sheets on the surface reduces the micro-scale texture. The filling effect of snow and ice reduces the macro-scale texture of the pavement surface. In a follow-up study, the 2D-wavelet transform approach can be applied to improve the intelligent driving braking system, which can provide pavement texture information for the safe braking strategy of driverless vehicles.

Obama's Reelection Prospects under “Bread and Peace” Voting in the 2012 US Presidential Election

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (04) ◽  
pp. 635-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Hibbs
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Election ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Us Military ◽  
Us Presidential Election ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Objectively Measured ◽  
Foreign Wars

According to the Bread and Peace Model postwar, American presidential elections should be interpreted as a sequence of referendums on the incumbent party's record during its four-year mandate period. In fact postwar aggregate votes for president are well explained by just two objectively measured fundamental determinants: (1) weighted-average growth of per capita real disposable personal income over the term, and (2) cumulative US military fatalities due to unprovoked, hostile deployments of American armed forces in foreign wars. No other outside variable systematically affects postwar aggregate votes for president.

Spatial-Pattern-Induced Evolution of a Self-Replicating Loop Network

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisuke Suzuki ◽  
Takashi Ikegami
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Spiral Structure ◽  
Scale Interactions ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Loop Network ◽  
Spatial Pattern Formation

We study a system of self-replicating loops in which interaction rules between individuals allow competition that leads to the formation of a hypercycle-like network. The main feature of the model is the multiple layers of interaction between loops, which lead to both global spatial patterns and local replication. The network of loops manifests itself as a spiral structure from which new kinds of self-replicating loops emerge at the boundaries between different species. In these regions, larger and more complex self-replicating loops live for longer periods of time, managing to self-replicate in spite of their slower replication. Of particular interest is how micro-scale interactions between replicators lead to macro-scale spatial pattern formation, and how these macro-scale patterns in turn perturb the micro-scale replication dynamics.

scholarly journals Experimental study of the effects of wire EDM on the characteristics of ferritic steel, at a micro-scale on the contour cut surface

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 413
Author(s):  
Nida Naveed
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Surface Damage ◽  
Cutting Process ◽  
Contour Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Cut Surface

This study, on a micro-scale, of the WEDM cut surfaces of specimens to which the contour method of residual stress measurement is being applied provides detailed information about the effects of the cutting process on the surface quality. This is defined by a combination of several parameters: variation in surface contour profile, sub-surface damage and surface texture. Measurements were taken at the start, the middle and at the end of the cut. This study shows that during WEDM cutting, a thin layer, extending to a depth of a few micrometres below the surface of the cut, is transformed. This layer is known as the recast layer. Using controlled-depth etching and X-ray diffraction, it is shown that this induces an additional tensile residual stress, parallel to the plane of the cut surface. The WEDM cut surface and sub-surface characteristics are also shown to vary along the length of the cut. Moreover, these micro-scale changes were compared with macro-scale residual stress results and provides an indication of the point at which the changes occurred by cutting process can be significantly relative to the macro-scale residual stress in a specimen.

scholarly journals On the Two-Scale Modelling of Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication in Tilted-Pad Bearings

Lubricants ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory de Boer ◽  
Andreas Almqvist
Keyword(s):  
Surface Topography ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication ◽  
Multiscale Methods ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Real Surface ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Heterogeneous Multiscale

A two-scale method for modelling the Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication (EHL) of tilted-pad bearings is derived and a range of solutions are presented. The method is developed from previous publications and is based on the Heterogeneous Multiscale Methods (HMM). It facilitates, by means of homogenization, incorporating the effects of surface topography in the analysis of tilted-pad bearings. New to this article is the investigation of three-dimensional bearings, including the effects of both ideal and real surface topographies, micro-cavitation, and the metamodeling procedure used in coupling the problem scales. Solutions for smooth bearing surfaces, and under pure hydrodynamic operating conditions, obtained with the present two-scale EHL model, demonstrate equivalence to those obtained from well-established homogenization methods. Solutions obtained for elastohydrodynamic operating conditions, show a dependency of the solution to the pad thickness and load capacity of the bearing. More precisely, the response for the real surface topography was found to be stiffer in comparison to the ideal. Micro-scale results demonstrate periodicity of the flow and surface topography and this is consistent with the requirements of the HMM. The means of selecting micro-scale simulations based on intermediate macro-scale solutions, in the metamodeling approach, was developed for larger dimensionality and subsequent calibration. An analysis of the present metamodeling approach indicates improved performance in comparison to previous studies.

scholarly journals PREDICTION FOR THE 2012 UNITED STATES PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION USING MULTIPLE REGRESSION MODEL

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-97
Author(s):  
Pankaj Sinha ◽  
Aastha Sharma Aastha Sharma ◽  
Harsh Vardhan Singh
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Midterm Elections

This paper investigates the factors responsible for predicting 2012 U.S. Presidential election. Though contemporary discussions on Presidential election mention that unemployment rate will be a deciding factor in this election, it is found that unemployment rate is not significant for predicting the forthcoming Presidential election. Except GDP growth rate, various other economic factors like interest rate, inflation, public debt, change in oil and gold prices, budget deficit/surplus and exchange rate are also not significant for predicting the U.S. Presidential election outcome. Lewis-Beck and Rice (1982) proposed Gallup rating, obtained in June of the election year, as a significant indicator for forecasting the Presidential election. However, the present study finds that even though there exists a relationship between June Gallup rating and incumbent vote share in the Presidential election, the Gallup rating cannot be used as the sole indicator of the Presidential elections. Various other non-economic factors like scandals linked to the incumbent President and the performance of the two parties in the midterm elections are found to be significant. We study the influence of the above economic and non-economic variables on voting behavior in U.S. Presidential elections and develop a suitable regression model for predicting the 2012 U.S. Presidential election. The emergence of new non-economic factors reflects the changing dynamics of U.S. Presidential election outcomes. The proposed model forecasts that the Democrat candidate Mr. Barack Obama is likely to get a vote percentage between 51.818 % - 54.239 %, with 95% confidence interval.

scholarly journals From rock star to political star – curious case of Paweł Kukiz persona power

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Olczyk ◽  
Jacek Wasilewski
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Election ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Parliamentary Elections ◽  
Political Advertisements ◽  
Power Base ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tv Shows ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Political Success

The 2015 presidential election was a turning point in a history of celebritisation of politics in Poland. Rock vocalist Paweł Kukiz unexpectedly finished third with 20% of votes, the highest result of any celebrity–candidate in presidential elections. He achieved that, campaigning mostly on Facebook, without any significant power base and financial support. Kukiz set up his own political organisation, which gained a 9% backing in the parliamentary elections. He achieved that with no political platform, no media backing, and no party structure. We argue that his persona was a crucial asset in his political success. We will show how Kukiz created, managed and performed his persona, how he used it to mobilise three million voters and then to create and brand his “Kukiz’15 Movement.” Finally, we analyse limits, traps and contradictions of persona power. Analysed material includes Paweł Kukiz’s and his opponents’ Facebook posts, televised political advertisements, performances in celebrity TV shows and debates.

scholarly journals The Need for an Established Senate Rule on Election-Year and Lame Duck Session Supreme Court Nominations

2021 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Jacob Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
American History ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Democratic Party ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Presidential Campaign ◽  
Look Back ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lame Duck ◽  
Explicit Rule

In 2016, the Republican-held Senate refused to hold a hearing on President Barack Obama’s nominee, Merrick Garland, sparking outrage among the Democratic Party. Then-Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell justified his party’s actions based on what became known as the “McConnell Rule.” This controversial rule holds that during years of presidential elections, when the president and the Senate majority are of different parties, the Senate is not expected to confirm the president’s Supreme Court nominees; but, when the president and Senate majority are of the same party, vacancies may be filled. When the Senate applied this rule in 2020, the stakes were even higher. Revered liberal stalwart Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg passed away only 46 days before the 2020 presidential election. Invoking the McConnell Rule, the Republican-held Senate moved forward with the confirmation of President Trump’s nominee Amy Coney Barrett. This contentious move again infuriated Democrats, and the presidential campaign. Now that Justice Barrett has been appointed and the presidential election has passed, it is useful to look back on the history of Supreme Court nominations during presidential election years. Such a review suggests that the so-called McConnell Rule is rooted in valid historical precedent. In fact, viewed in light of American history, even a Trump lame duck nomination and confirmation would have been valid. This blog post argues that the Senate should distill this historical precedent into an explicit Rule of the Senate that will govern the chamber going forward. The rule should obligate the Senate to either (1) hold a vote to confirm the election-year or lame duck nominee, or (2) hold a vote to postpone action on the nomination. If a vote to postpone action on the nomination fails, the rule should then compel the Senate to hold a vote to confirm the nominee. Such a rule removes all doubt about the Senate’s authority to act or refuse to act on election-year and lame duck nominees, exposes unfounded threats of retaliation by minority parties, and best conforms to the Constitution.

scholarly journals The Role of Nusantara Task Force in Preventing Political Vulnerability in Pati Police Jurisdiction

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-478
Author(s):  
Arindra Wigrha Pratama
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Election ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Role Theory ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Police Chief ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
General Elections ◽  
National Police ◽  
Force Concept

Political insecurity ahead of the 2019 presidential and vice presidential election candidates often arises in the Pati Police jurisdiction. The establishment of this task force aims to minimize the occurrence of various political vulnerabilities ahead of the presidential and vice presidential elections so as not to develop into social conflict. The purpose of this study is to analyze the problems of political vulnerability that existed during the 2019 Presidential Election in the Pati Police jurisdiction, describe and explain the role of the Nusantara Task Force in preventing the occurrence of problems of political vulnerability that existed during the 2019 Presidential Election in the Pati Police area, and analyze the factors factors influencing the implementation of the Task Force of the Archipelago in preventing the occurrence of problems of political insecurity that existed during the 2019 Presidential Election in the Pati Police jurisdiction. Theories used in this research are the Role Theory and Voter Behavior Theory. The concept used is the Nusantara Task Force Concept. The laws and regulations in this study are Law No. 2 of 2002 concerning the National Police and the Law. No. 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections, as well as National Police Chief Sprin No. .: Sprin / 40 / I / 2018 Date January 8, 2018 About the Establishment of the Task Force Nusantara.

A SIZE EFFECT STUDY ON THE SPLITTING CRACK INITIATION AND PROPAGATION IN OFF-AXIS LAYERS OF COMPOSITE LAMINATES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
YAO QIAO ◽  
QIWEI ZHANG ◽  
TROY NAKAGAWA ◽  
MARCO SALVIATO
Keyword(s):  
Crack Initiation ◽  
Size Effect ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Structural Behavior ◽  
Crack Initiation And Propagation ◽  
Damage Mechanisms ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Initiation And Propagation ◽  
Macro Scale

This work proposes an investigation on size effects in micro-scale splitting crack initiation and propagation and their consequences on the macro-scale structural behavior carbon-fiber reinforced polymers under transverse tension. Towards this goal, size effect tests were experimentally conducted on both notch-free [90]n composites and specimens with different notch types under three-point bending. The mechanical tests were followed by morphological studies to identify the micro-scale damage mechanisms and their evolution. The results clearly show that splitting crack initiation in the transverse direction of composites not only happens at the fiber/matrix interface but also in the matrix. Moreover, the subsequent development of these damage mechanisms can depend on the structure size. This interesting phenomenon inherently leads to size-dependent structural behavior which can be described through Baznt’s Size Effect Laws. This study on the splitting crack initiation and propagation can provide unprecedented information for the calibration and validation of micromechanical models for the damage behavior of fiber composites at the microscale.

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