scholarly journals Management Practices and Performance of Public hospitals in Uganda

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
John Bosco Kakooza ◽  
Immaculate Tusiime ◽  
Hojops Odoch ◽  
Vincent Bagire
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Hospital Performance ◽  
Management Style ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Policy Practice ◽  
Management Decision Making ◽  
And Performance

The Daily Monitor publications ran serialized articles showing the awful state of government hospitals across the country. While the Ministry of Health insists that the problem is not as bad as it is depicted, the level of service delivery in public hospitals has come under serious public scrutiny espousing the cause for concern about policy, practice and research. There should be glaring gaps in management practices as a possible explanation. In this study, we investigated impact of management decision making, structure, processes, communication and management style on hospital performance. The study has emphasized good management as the determinant of better performance of hospitals in the Ugandan context. Findings of this study challenges policy makers to strengthen management processes in addition to mobilizing financial, human and capital resources for hospitals. The study extends the debate on application of management theory with practice in the health sector in the Ugandan context.

Adoption of Integrated Pest Management Tactics by Wisconsin Farmers

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 756-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarissa M. Hammond ◽  
Edward C. Luschei ◽  
Chris M. Boerboom ◽  
Pete J. Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Management Decision Making ◽  
Large Farms

Agronomic research and extension personnel generally recognize the benefits of integrated pest management (IPM) but IPM practices have not been rapidly adopted by farmers. In order for applied research and extension programs to be as influential as possible, strategies and tactics must be evaluated in the context of the real-world constraints experienced by farmers. We investigated the linkage between farmers' pest management behaviors, attitudes, and constraints by analyzing an extensive corn pest management survey distributed throughout Wisconsin in 2002. Our objectives were to (1) create a benchmark against which future changes in pest management practices could be detected and (2) explore potential associations between practices and farm characteristics, e.g., farm size or commodity produced. A total of 213 farmers responded with descriptions of their operations; weed, insect, and disease pest management practices; crop consultant usage; interactions with their local agrichemical dealer; and attitudes regarding pest management decision-making. We compared the relative responses of cash-grain and dairy farmers as well as managers of large and small farms. Larger farm size and percentage of operation in cash-grain production were associated with an increased frequency of rotating crops, rotating herbicide families, and use of a broadcast herbicide application. Managers of large farms and/or cash-grain crops also more frequently indicated considering the level of pest control, price, carryover potential, weed resistance management, environmental safety, and risk to the applicator than did dairy or small-sized operations. Cash-grain farmers had significantly higher scores on a calculated IPM index than did dairy farmers (P < 0.0001). We also found a significant positive relationship between farm size and IPM score (P < 0.0001). Our results provide a benchmark for future comparisons of IPM adoption rates in Wisconsin and highlight the association between IPM research/extension and farmers' management behavior.

Grain grower perceptions and use of integrated weed management

2004 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 993 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Llewellyn ◽  
R. K. Lindner ◽  
D. J. Pannell ◽  
S. B. Powles
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Management Decision Making

Greater adoption of integrated weed management, to reduce herbicide reliance, is an objective of many research and extension programmes. In Australian grain-growing regions, integrated weed management is particularly important for the management of herbicide resistance in weeds. In this study, survey data from personal interviews with 132 Western Australian grain growers are used to characterise the use and perceptions of integrated weed management practices. The main objective was to identify opportunities for improved weed management decision making, through targeted research and extension. The extent to which integrated weed management practices are used on individual farms was measured. Perceptions of the efficacy and reliability of various weed management practices were elicited for control of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.), along with perceptions of the economic value of integrated weed management practices relative to selective herbicides. All growers were shown to be using several integrated weed management practices, although the use of some practices was strongly associated with the presence of a herbicide-resistant weed population. In general, both users and non-users were found to have high levels of awareness of integrated weed management practices and their weed control efficacy. Herbicide-based practices were perceived to be the most cost-effective. Opportunities for greater adoption of integrated weed management practices, to conserve the existing herbicide resource, exist where practices can be shown to offer greater shorter-term economic value, not necessarily just in terms of weed control, but to the broader farming system.

TO EVALUATE THE PERFORMANCE OF A TEACHING HOSPITAL BY COMBINING THE HOSPITAL INDICES USING THE PABON LOSSO MODEL DURING THE SURVEILLANCE BY AUTHORITIES:HAWTHORNE EFFECT

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-77
Author(s):  
C. Narender Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Public Hospital ◽  
Quality Care ◽  
Hospital Performance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Hawthorne Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public

BACKGROUND:The patients' health care choice is diverting from the private health provider to the public hospital due to introduction of various schemes and incentives by the policy makers. The limited resources are posing a challenge to the hospital administrator in escalating demands, diversity and complexity of diseases of patients. The hospital performance enhances steadily by the monitoring authorities' surveillance. It is an effective method for improving quality care in the public hospital. The Hawthorne effect is a term referring to the tendency of people to work harder and increases in effectiveness of organization when they are being observed. OBJECTIVES: 1. To assess the performance of a teaching hospital during surveillance by calculating the hospital indices, using the Pabon Losso Model. 2. To evaluate whether the Hawthorne effect is the cause of the increase in the effectiveness of hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was a prospective and record based cross-sectional study and conducted at Government teaching hospital over a period of 18 months. RESULTS: st A total of 18 months period census report was recorded from January 2016 to June 2017and hospital indices were estimated. The 1 phase of surveillance (January- 2016 to May -2016), where immense supervision was present, with performance feed- back, BOR was 88.65, nd ALOS was 3.932, BTR was 7.074 and BTI was 0.54, 2 phase of surveillance which was intensied with communication and committee meetings rd (June-2016 to October- 2016), BOR was 95.59, ALOS was 3.49, BTR was 7.03 and BTI was 0.886, 3 phase weaning period, where a little th supervision (November -2016 to February-2017) BOR was 87.8, ALOS was 4.1, BTR was 6.413 and BTI was 0.5725 and 4 phase self sustain stage or no observations phase, BOR was 92.6, ALOS was 3.47, BTR was 6.547 and BTI was 0.28. CONCLUSION: The surveillance of higher authorities over the hospital had increased the performance. Hospital efciency is reected by increased hospital indices. The cause and effect is the “Hawthorne effect”. Therefore it is concluded that the surveillance increases the performance and efciency of the public hospitals.

scholarly journals Institutional pluralism, two publics theory and performance reporting practices in Zambia’s health sector

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Phiri ◽  
Pinar Guven-Uslu
Keyword(s):  
Health Service ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Reporting Practices ◽  
Institutional Pluralism ◽  
Stakeholder Groups ◽  
Performance Reporting ◽  
And Performance

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate accounting and performance reporting practices embraced in the midst of a pluralistic institutional environment of an emerging economy (EE), Zambia. The research is necessitated due to the increased presence and influence of donor institutions whose information needs may not conform to the needs of local citizens in many EEs. Design/methodology/approach The study draws on institutional pluralism and Ekeh’s post-colonial theory of “two publics” to depict pluralistic environments that are typical of EEs. Primary data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 33 respondents drawn from the main stakeholder groups involved in health service delivery including legislators, policy makers, regulators, healthcare professionals and health service managers. Data analysis took the form of thematic analysis which involved identifying, analysing and constructing patterns and themes implicit within the data that were deemed to address the study’s research questions. Findings Findings indicate that Zambia’s institutional environment within the health sector is highly fragmented and pluralistic as reflected by the multiplicity of both internal and external stakeholders. These stakeholder groups equally require different reporting mechanisms to fulfil their information expectations. Social implications The multiple reporting practices evident within the health sector entail that the effectiveness of health programmes may be compromised due to the fragmentation in goals between government and international donor institutions. Rather than pooling resources and skills for maximum impact, these practices have the effect of dispersing performance efforts with the consequence of compromising their impact. Fragmented reporting equally complicates the work of policy makers in terms of monitoring the progress and impact of such programmes. Originality/value Beyond Goddard et al. (2016), the study depicts the usefulness of Ekeh’s theory in understanding how organisations and institutions operating in pluralistic institutional environments may be better managed. In view of contradictory expectations of accounting and performance reporting requirements between the civic and primordial publics, the study indicates that different practices, mechanisms and structures have to be embraced in order to maintain institutional harmony and relevance to different communities within the health sector.

Aligning Strategy and Performance Management Systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Vieira ◽  
Brendan O’Dwyer ◽  
Roman Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Performance Management ◽  
Balanced Scorecard ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Performance Management Systems ◽  
Sustainable Performance ◽  
Management Decision Making ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Environmental Goals

This article presents a case study examining the problems and possibilities of performance management in a wind-farm company. Drawing on Ferreira and Otley’s recently developed performance management systems (PMSs) framework, the study demonstrates how the framework facilitates in-depth, holistic, and critical evaluations of existing PMSs, and how these evaluations can drive the development of revised PMSs that balance economic, social, and environmental goals. This integrated focus on PMS evaluation and design is unique as earlier work seeking to develop systems to promote and measure sustainable performance tends to establish them in isolation from informed evaluations of existing systems. Drawing on the case analysis, the article proposes a form of “sustainable balanced scorecard” to enable a company to streamline its management decision making. It also offers guidance for companies on the development of PMSs that can contribute to their survival and growth in a wind energy sector characterized by increasing competition.

Ontology-Based Wastewater Best Management Practices Recommendation

2013 ◽  
Vol 664 ◽  
pp. 299-304
Author(s):  
Zhen Feng Wang ◽  
Xiao Juan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Pollution Source ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Cognitive Differences ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Building Process ◽  
Management Decision Making

Best Management Practices (BMPs) is a good way to control pollution source. Now many BMPs have been collected and stored in database. But they are not available directly by managers due to cognitive differences. In order to recommend suitable BMP to water environment managers for treating specific contaminated river, we model BMP knowledge with ontology. In the paper, we introduce ontology building process, and a wastewater BMP ontology is built and integrated into an environment management decision-making support system. In the end, a BMP recommendation case study is also presented.

scholarly journals Management of software development projects in Brazil using agile methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1357-1374
Author(s):  
Claudia Carrijo Ravaglia ◽  
Mirian Picinini Mexas ◽  
Ana Claudia Dias ◽  
Haydée Maria Correia da Silveira Batista ◽  
Kleber da Silva Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Distributed Teams ◽  
Agile Methods ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Agile Methodology ◽  
Management Decision Making ◽  
Agile Software

The aim of the paper is to analyze how agile management practices are being adopted by specialists from software development technology companies in Brazil, identifying actions that contribute to the success of software implementation, aiming to ensure the survival of organizations in the market. The study counted with a literature review to support the field research with software development specialists who use the agile methodology and work in Brazil in the states of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. The results were analyzed through a descriptive statistics and content analysis. The research identified that the companies that adopt agile software management methodology in Brazil prefer the Scrum method and the development teams may be geographically distributed. The main positive points identified when adopting agile methods were the process speed, team involvement, maximization of results, involvement with the client, and simplicity. Most experts identified problems in the implementation of the agile methodology and as points of attention: management of distributed teams, scope estimation and communication. It was possible to identify the existence of a positive financial result by adopting the agile method for software development projects, as well as actions that contribute to the success of these projects, such as controlling quality using different testing techniques, project management, time, stakeholders, scope, and have agile communication, with feedback and good leadership. On the other hand, it was observed in the statistics that, although efficient, this method is still not being widely used. This research can contribute to the managers of software development companies in the use of agile methods as well as improving management decision-making.

An Integrated Approach for Maximising Local and Scientific Knowledge for Land Management Decision-Making in the New Zealand High Country.

1996 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
OJH Bosch ◽  
WJ Allen ◽  
JM Williams ◽  
AH Ensor
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Monitoring Tools ◽  
Management Decision Making

This paper describes the development of a process to facilitate the identification and introduction of sustainable land management practices in the high country of New Zealand. The process was designed to gather and structure community knowledge (both local and scientific) into a single, accessible decision support system (DSS). The development and provision of appropriate, and user-friendly monitoring tools is supported. An outline is given of how this integrated system can be used to integrate monitoring with adaptive management. Special reference is made to how this process is used as a large-scale ecological 'experiment', to enhance continually the knowledge base available for land use decision-making in the South Island high country of New Zealand.

Public reporting of hospital performance data: views of senior medical directors in Victoria, Australia

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Canaway ◽  
Marie Bismark ◽  
David Dunt ◽  
Margaret Kelaher
Keyword(s):  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Hospital Performance ◽  
Public Reporting ◽  
Performance Data ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Australian Health ◽  
Medical Directors ◽  
And Performance

Objective The aim of the present study was to better understand senior medical directors’ perceptions of public reporting of hospital performance data, how public reporting affects institutional behavioural change towards quality improvement and how it could be improved. Methods Interviews were undertaken with 17 medical directors representing 26 metropolitan and regional public hospitals in Victoria, Australia, between June and August 2016. Data were analysed thematically. Results Medical directors are well placed to comment on clinical and administrative aspects of quality, safety and performance monitoring in public hospitals. Their responses largely suggested that public reporting of hospital performance data in Australia is immature and not fulfilling its potential. There was little consensus among informants around what public reporting is, who it is for or its purpose. Although public reporting was considered to have important functions for hospitals and consumers, it was generally considered to lack robustness and have underutilised potential to inform consumers, build trust and drive quality and performance improvements within hospitals. Conclusions The next steps needed to advance public reporting of hospital performance data in Australia include engaging clinicians and patients in selection and development of metrics, improving timeliness of reporting, and improving communication of information so that it is accessible and meaningful for different audiences. What is known about the topic? Public reporting of hospital performance data is a mechanism increasingly used in the Australian health system, but it has attracted little research. What does this paper add? This paper reveals a lack of shared understanding among medical directors in Victoria, Australia, on what public reporting of hospital performance data is, who it is for and its purpose. The paper highlights the potential importance of public reporting of hospital performance data for rural and regional healthcare consumers and how it may be strengthened. What are the implications for practitioners? Stronger systems of public reporting of hospital performance data have the potential to increase consumer engagement and improve hospital performance, quality and safety. Awareness of the discourse around public reporting of hospital performance data can increase practitioners’ engagement in debate and development of reporting systems.

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