scholarly journals The Phenomenon of Values in the Axiology and in the History

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Victor Kryukov ◽  
Vladimir Kicheev ◽  
Helen Sotnikova
Keyword(s):  
Classical Theory ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
Social Philosophy ◽  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
Theoretical Level ◽  
Fundamental Idea ◽  
Intellectual Activity ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
Significant Generalization ◽  
Special Case

The article offers a version of understanding values as elements of culture. As a fundamental idea, Adam Smith accepted the classical theory of labor value, but with a significant generalization of this idea from the economic context as a special case to the general theoretical level of social philosophy, in which values are understood as products of both practical and intellectual activity. The principle of social egocentrism and interpretation of the main categories of values, versions of the philosophy of history as a process in which the values of culture arise and are modified are also proposed are also considered.

scholarly journals PROPERTY AS A MODE OF INDIVIDUALIZATION OF A COMMON PRODUCT

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (7(76)) ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
Victor V. Kryukov
Keyword(s):  
Classical Theory ◽  
Social Relationship ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
Social Philosophy ◽  
Theoretical Level ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
Significant Generalization ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Special Case

The article discusses the problem of property as a social relationship. The idea of Adam Smith in the classical theory of labor value is accepted as fundamental, but with a significant generalization of this idea from the economic context as a special case to the general theoretical level of social philosophy, at which values are understood as products of both practical and spiritual activity. In this context, property is interpreted not as a person's relationship to things, but as the relationship of people to each other about things. Forms of property are not considered historically, as in Marx, but functionally – as the author sees it. In this version, capitalism and communism turn out to be economic myths, and forms of ownership are determined by the means of individualization of the jointly produced product.

Subject of Economic Science

2015 ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
D. Egorov
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Classical Theory ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
Wealth Of Nations ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

Adam Smith defined economics as “the science of the nature and causes of the wealth of nations” (implicitly appealing – in reference to the “wealth” – to the “value”). Neo-classical theory views it as a science “which studies human behavior in terms of the relationship between the objectives and the limited funds that may have a different use of”. The main reason that turns the neo-classical theory (that serves as the now prevailing economic mainstream) into a tool for manipulation of the public consciousness is the lack of measure (elimination of the “value”). Even though the neo-classical definition of the subject of economics does not contain an explicit rejection of objective measures the reference to “human behavior” inevitably implies methodological subjectivism. This makes it necessary to adopt a principle of equilibrium: if you can not objectively (using a solid measurement) compare different states of the system, we can only postulate the existence of an equilibrium point to which the system tends. Neo-classical postulate of equilibrium can not explain the situation non-equilibrium. As a result, the neo-classical theory fails in matching microeconomics to macroeconomics. Moreover, a denial of the category “value” serves as a theoretical basis and an ideological prerequisite of now flourishing manipulative financial technologies. The author believes in the following two principal definitions: (1) economics is a science that studies the economic system, i.e. a system that creates and recombines value; (2) value is a measure of cost of the object. In our opinion, the value is the information cost measure. It should be added that a disclosure of the nature of this category is not an obligatory prerequisite of its introduction: methodologically, it is quite correct to postulate it a priori. The author concludes that the proposed definitions open the way not only to solve the problem of the measurement in economics, but also to address the issue of harmonizing macro- and microeconomics.

Modernity and the classical Theory of Democracy

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-38
Author(s):  
Raymond Boudon
Keyword(s):  
Classical Theory ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
Good Sense ◽  
General Will ◽  
Impartial Spectator ◽  
Political Consensus ◽  
Theory Of Democracy

The classical theory of democracy starts from a model where good sense and common sense play a major role, as the notions of the “impartial spectator" (Adam Smith) or the “general will” (Jean-Jacques Rousseau) show, among others. These notions are indispensable to explain many social and political phenomend of our time: phenomena of political consensus on given issues or of short, mid and long-term moral, political, institutional and social evoltion.

Unsteady plane flow past curved obstacles with infinite wakes

1955 ◽  
Vol 229 (1177) ◽  
pp. 152-180 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Unsteady Flow ◽  
Classical Theory ◽  
Steady Motion ◽  
Uniform Motion ◽  
Plane Flow ◽  
Flow Past ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Infinite Extent ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Special Case

A theory of unsteady flow about obstacles behind which are wakes or cavities of infinite extent is developed for the case when the velocities and displacements of the unsteady perturbations about the mean steady motion are small. Unsteady Helmholtz flows (constant wake pressure) receive detailed attention both for general non-uniform motion and for the special case of harmonic motions of long duration. A number of possible applications of the theory to aerodynamic problems are indicated, the most important being the flutter of a stalled aerofoil. The classical theory of unsteady aerofoik motion is shown to be a special case of the theory given in this paper.

scholarly journals Three Conditions of Contemporary Social Philosophy Criticism

2018 ◽  
pp. 135-139
Author(s):  
Boris Podoroga
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Social Philosophy ◽  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Analytical Philosophy ◽  
The Third ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Common ◽  
Definition Of

In this article we reveal the common conditions of modern social philosphy (poststructuralism, neo-Marxism, analytical philosophy of history), which theoretical discourse is subordinated to critical discourse, as distinguished from the canonical I. Kant’s, G. Hegel’s, M. Heidegger’s, M. Sheller’s J.-P. Sartre’s philosophical theories, which are bonded with the development of positivist epistemological, historical, ontological or anthropological presuppositions. We will talk about tree main conditions: 1) decline of theological definition of subject, 2) mechanism of repetition, 3) interdisciplinarity. In the first case, we will discuss transition from subject definition through the God to his definition through the figure of Other, which allows philosophers as Schopenhauer, Nietzsche or Sheller expose metaphysics with consistent methodological criticism. In the second case, we will talk about forming of critical discourse establishing itself as the extended analog of psychoanalytical revealing of unconsciousness content. In the third case, we will examine interdisciplinary approach, assuming combination of different methods possible to increase this criticism and put empirical borders of its theoretical presuppositions.

scholarly journals VL. Solovyov and N.I. Kareev: the question of the creative history of the “Justification of the Moral Good”

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-19
Author(s):  
V.V. Sidorin
Keyword(s):  
Social Philosophy ◽  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
Historical Change ◽  
Scholarly Activity ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Moral Good ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Intellectual Context ◽  
The Individual

The following essay analyzes the context in which Vl. Solovyov wrote his philosophical treatise “Justification of the Moral Good”. Such an analysis is a necessary condition for a conscientious reconstruction of the treatise’s creative history and thus for a proper analysis of the concepts and ideas expressed therein. The aim of this study is a detailed restoration of the intellectual atmosphere in which Solovyov's work was created. Such a project requires a turn to the philosophical activities of less eminent contemporaries of Solovyov, including N.I. Kareev, whose work Solovyov closely followed, responding to him not just critically, but also with a certain amount of sympathy. We also take up here a well-known discussion between the two concerning the philosophy of history and the theory of the historical process. Solovyov's position in this discussion is shown as containing the kernel of a plan embodied in the parts of the “Justification” dealing with social philosophy and philosophy of history. In addition, a textual, conceptual, and comparative analysis of Solovyov’s treatise shows that Kareev’s scholarly activity was an important factor in the intellectual context in which the plan of the treatise arose, was realized, and corrected. The essay also examines the notes in the text of the Justification that are complementary to N. Kareev (and to N. Mikhailovsky) and that were deleted by the author in preparing the 1899 edition. As we know, this later edition became the basis of all subsequent editions and reprintings. We see that Solovyov was sympathetic and to a certain degree close not only to Kareev's attempts to create an integral philosophical and historical standpoint, but also to his ideas about the high historical vocation of the individual. However, he was also sympathetic to the general pathos of Kareev’s theory, which consists in understanding moral activity as a key factor in historical change, taking the historical process as a sphere of the objectification of moral ideals.

The Social Philosophy of Smith's “wealth of Nations”

Philosophy ◽  
1927 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 39-51
Author(s):  
John Laird
Keyword(s):  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
Social Philosophy ◽  
Short Discussion ◽  
Philosophical Inquiry ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
General Principles Of Law ◽  
Wealth Of Nations ◽  
Historical Treatment

When Adam Smith, at the age of forty, resigned his professorship in Glasgow and devoted himself, after three years of travel, to the composition of his Wealth of Nations, he set himself to elaborate the sociological portion of his course on Moral Philosophy. Indeed, at the conclusion of his Moral Sentiments, written during the tenure of his professorship, he had promised “ another discourse ” on the “ general principles of law and government,” including a historical treatment and an account of “ police, revenue and arms.” To be sure, when the work appeared, it was not, in essentials, a continuation of the researches of Montesquieu, and had no authentic connection with Smith’s earlier treatise on morals, Instead, the bulk of it was a strict, and as we should say, a scientific (not a philosophical), inquiry into the origin and conditions of opulence in human communities. Nevertheless, it expounds and is even dominated by a certain social philosophy which is not too convincing when nakedly put. Smith's abiding fame, accordingly, rests more upon the strict scientific analysis of his book than upon its implicit philosophy. Still, the philosophy was there. It had, and it still has, influence. A short discussion of it, therefore, is likely to have something more than historical interest.

Moments of non-negative mass

1958 ◽  
Vol 245 (1240) ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Classical Theory ◽  
Moment Problem ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
Real Variable ◽  
Moment Problems ◽  
Geometrical Theory ◽  
Negative Mass ◽  
Systems Of Linear Equations ◽  
Decreasing Functions ◽  
Special Case

A sequence { a k ( t )} ( k = 1 ,2 ,...), of real-valued functions of a real variable t is given, defined in an interval I (possibly unbounded) which may be closed, open, or half open. The corresponding moment problem is to determine the set ℭ of all real sequences { c k .} for which the equations ∫ a k ( t ) d µ ( t ) = c k have non-decreasing functions µ ( t ) as solutions. The associated ‘reduced’ moment problem (1≤ k ≤ n ) is completely answered without any restrictions on the a k ( t ). The full problem is solved under suitable restrictions on the a k ( t ), and the ‘geometrical’ theory developed in this paper contains and generalizes the classical theory of moment problems. In particular, it permits to treat, as a special case, systems of linear equations in an infinity of non-negative unknowns.

Body and Gender within the Stratifications of the Social Imaginary

Hypatia ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-118
Author(s):  
Alice Pechriggl ◽  
Gertrude Postl
Keyword(s):  
Political Action ◽  
Social Philosophy ◽  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
Social Imaginary ◽  
The Social ◽  
Creative Force ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Gender Specific

Using the notion of a transfiguration of sexed bodies, this text deals with the stratifications of the gender-specific imaginary. Starting from the figurative—thus creative—force of the psyche-soma, its interaction with the configurations of a collective body will be developed from the perspectives of social philosophy and philosophy of history. At the center of my discussion is the interdependence between the individual psyche-soma, the socialized individual, and a collective bodily imaginary, on the one hand, and the strata of a gender imaginary on the other. The ontological metaphor (meaning the metaphor that brings about social modes of being) as well as the dimension of political action will be highlighted as playing a crucial role for these processes.

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