scholarly journals The Concept of Employer and the Extension of the Subjective (Ratione Personae) Scope of Collective Labour Law

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Hajn
Keyword(s):  
Civil Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Labour Law ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
Organizational Unit ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Legal Construction

In accordance with the changes in the provisions of the collective labour law in force since January 1, 2019, an employer within their meaning is also an organizational unit without civil law subjectivity, if it employs work contractors engaged in paid work engaged in paid work other than employees. This leads to the dualism of the notion and legal construction of the entity employing non-employee contractors on the basis of individual and collective relations. In individual legal relations, the entity employing contractors on the basis of civil law contracts may only be a civil law entity. On the other hand, in collective labour relations, organizational unit without civil law capacity may be regarded as their employer. The purpose of this study is to give the reasons for the thesis that such regulation leads to legal confusion, and the most appropriate way to remove it is to link the employer’s subjectivity with civil law subjectivity in individual and collective labour law.

Part 2 Specific Issues of Arbitration in Brazil, 20 Labour Law Arbitration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timm Luciano Benetti ◽  
Verçosa Fabiane
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Labour Law ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Social ◽  
Labour Standards ◽  
Labour Legislation ◽  
The One ◽  
Labour Disputes ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter highlights labour law arbitration in Brazil. Traditionally, labour law in Brazil recognises two main groups of rights: individual and collective rights. Individual labour relations are concerned with the relationship between individual workers and their employers. Collective labour relations refer to the social relationships generated through processes of consultation and negotiation—over working conditions, labour standards, and other employment issues—between, on the one hand, the workers' collective or their representatives and, on the other hand, the employers or employers’ organization. Even before the Labour Legislation Reform of 2017, Brazilian legal order already provided in its Constitution and in other legal statutes the possibility of arbitration for collective labour rights. On the other hand, before the promulgation of the Labour Legislation Reform, there was no provision under Brazilian Law that would open the possibility of arbitration in the event of individual labour disputes.

scholarly journals Podmioty odpowiedzialności pracodawczej w stosunkach prawa pracy

2018 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 133-152
Author(s):  
Artur Tomanek
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Legal Person ◽  
Wide Sense ◽  
Labour Law ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
Organizational Unit ◽  
Heterogeneous Nature ◽  
A Company

ENTITIES OF EMPLOYER’S RESPONSIBILITY IN EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSThis text is focused on the issue of an employer treated as a subject of the responsibility in labour law relations. The labour law doctrine shows that the responsibility of an employer for an infringement of its obligations may be analysed in a wide sense which is not limited to the responsibility of an employer as defi ned in article 3 of Polish Labour Code. The other legal or natural persons which bear responsibility with an employer or instead of it must be taken into account. To this aim the author reviews the responsibility of some legal and natural persons: a leading partner of a company acting as an employer, the Guaranteed Workers’ Benefi ts Fund and a legal person in the context of obligations of its organizational unit which is an employer according to article 3 of Polish Labour Code. Above-mentioned situations are of a heterogeneous nature. Therefore it is impossible to apply to them the unifi ed rules of legal evaluation. In some cases it may be stated that a named subject bears responsibility which is characteristic for the employer’s party of labour relations e.g. a legal person which answers for the obligations of its organizational unit being an employer. In other cases we deal with a type of responsibility which comes beyond the scope of the notion of employer’s party responsibility but this does not mean that it should not be a subject of a discussion on the notion of responsibility in labour law.

ASAS TERBUKA UNTUK UMUM DAN KEHADIRAN FISIK PARA PIHAK DALAM SIDANG DI PENGADILAN NEGERI PASCA PERATURAN MAHKAMAH AGUNG NOMOR 1 TAHUN 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-250
Author(s):  
Bernadette M Waluyo
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Basic Principle ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
District Court ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Administration Of Justice ◽  
Law Courts ◽  
Court Proceedings

The Indonesian Supreme Court, in response to the information era, modernizes the civil procedural rules at the district court level.  This is done by issuing Supreme Court Regulation no. 1 of 2019 re. Administration of Justice at Civil Law Courts and Electronic-Court Proceedings. Undoubtedly, modernization of existing rules on the administration of justice is much needed.  On the other hand, these changes may violate a number of procedural civil law principles.  The author argues, from a civil procedural law perspective, that the above Supreme Court regulation violates the basic principle of transparency of court proceedings and physical attendance at court proceedings. 

scholarly journals ETHICAL PRINCIPLES OF SOCIETY AS REGULATORY FACTORS OF CIVIL LAW OF UKRAINE: THE ISSUE OF VALIDITY

2019 ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
V. Кroitor
Keyword(s):  
Civil Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Regulatory Factors ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Moral Rules ◽  
The Law ◽  
The One

The article studies the issue of scientific and practical validity of applying ethical principles of society as regulatory factors of civil law of Ukraine. Taking into account the lack of validity of ethical principles of society as regulatory factors, the author attempts to make a correlation between the content of such principles of civil law as fairness, integrity and reasonableness, on the one hand, and ethical principles of the society, on the other hand. The author of the paper proves that it is inappropriate to apply the provisions of morality as regulatory factors for the regulation of civil relations. The conclusion on the objection to the civil regularity of ethical principles of society is based on several theses. Firstly, moral rules are not formalized, which creates a threat of arbitrary interpretation of their content. Secondly, ethical principles do not have a definite source of origin. Thirdly, the fundamental ethical rules have already been taken into account in the content of the principles of fairness, integrity and reason, which in turn create competition between the two types of regulatory factors. Unreasonable duplication of regulatory requirements reduces the functionality of the law, complicates the perception of its requirements. The competition between the principles of law and the ethical principles of society must be eliminated by refusing to give the latter the function of regulatory factors. The author of the paper does not deny the possibility of taking into account the ethical principles of society while regulating the relations that have been neglected by the "official law".

Introduction

Japanese Law ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Oda
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legal Consciousness ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Japanese Law

Japanese law is part of the Civil law (Franco-German) legal system. There have been discussions on the ‘Japanese legal consciousness’, but now, it is agreed that there is no such ‘uniqueness’ of Japanese law. On the other hand, the approach of the courts in interpreting statutes and their role in interpreting contracts may represent some unique aspects of Japanese law.

Part I The Doctrine of Res Judicata in Litigation, 1 The Doctrine of Res Judicata in Domestic Laws

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Schaffstein Silja
Keyword(s):  
Common Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Res Judicata ◽  
Other Hand

This chapter analyses and compares the application of the res judicata doctrine in common and civil law countries. Res judicata is the principle that a matter may not, generally, be relitigated once it has been judged on the merits. The doctrine of res judicata is well established in common law jurisdictions, and allows for several res judicata pleas, namely the plea of cause of action estoppel, issue estoppel, former recovery, or abuse of process. On the other hand, the doctrine of res judicata in civil law countries recognises only one plea. In France, for instance, the doctrine of res judicata is referred to as ‘autorité de chose jugxée’. A judgment obtains ‘autorité de chose jugée’ when it is rendered, whether or not a means of recourse is available against the judgment.

scholarly journals Verifikasi Identitas Biologis Menjelang Perkawinan dalam Perspektif Fikih

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alimin Mesra
Keyword(s):  
Contemporary Problem ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Identity Verification ◽  
Important Phenomenon ◽  
Other Hand

Abstract: Biological identity verification before marriage from a fiqh standpoint. This article treats falsifying biological identity for marriage as an important phenomenon that should be responded to academically. By way of analyzing discourse concerning this subject, this article reveals that weaknesses in how civil law and citizenry are administrated, if not fixed, will give rise to more such cases of it. On the other hand, the theory that love is the biggest motivation for falsifying biological identity is taken into account to clarify why this violation occurs. The conclusion reached in this article is to accommodate for the capacity to verify biological identity—when deemed necessary—before marriage. The author reinforces this idea by drawing upon several hadiths, applying al-maqâshid al-syâri‘ah theory, as well as calling to expand classical fiqh to the context of solving this contemporary problem.Keywords: biological identity, verification, contemporary problem, classical fiqh, contextualisationAbstrak: Verifikasi Identitas Biologis Menjelang Perkawinan dalam Perspektif Fikih. Artikel ini meletakkan fakta pemalsuan identitas biologis dalam perkawinan sebagai fenomena yang penting direspons secara akademis. Melalui analisis wacana atas berita yang terkait, tulisan ini menyingkap bahwa ada sejumlah kelemahan pada sistem administrasi keperdataan dan kependudukan yang jika tidak dibenahi akan melahirkan kasus-kasus serupa. Di sisi lain, teori bahwa cinta adalah motivasi terbesar untuk melakukan sesuatu dimanfaatkan untuk menjelaskan mengapa pelanggaran itu dilakukan. Kesimpulan yang direkomendasikan adalah mengakomodasi kebolehan melakukan verifikasi identitas biologis—jika dianggap perlu—sebelum perkawinan. Penulis menguatkan gagasan ini dengan melakukan kontekstualisasi atas beberapa hadis, penerapan teori maqâshid al-syarî’ah serta ajakan untuk mengembangkan fikih klasik dalam rangka mengatasi problematika kontemporer.Kata Kunci: verifikasi, identitas biologis, problema kontemporer, fikih klasik, kontekstualisasiDOI: 10.15408/ajis.v12i1.963

scholarly journals Uniwersalizm prawa pracy środkiem przeciwdziałania wykluczeniu społecznemu nie tylko w dobie COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-59
Author(s):  
Justyna Czerniak-Swędzioł ◽  
Błażej Mądrzycki
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Labour Law ◽  
Other Hand

Universalism of labour law a measure against social exclusion not only in the COVID-19 era The aim of the study is to show the essence of labour law through the prism of its characteristic structures and goals. Work is one of the most important values in human life, both in the context of securing living and personal conditions. While working, one acquires additional competencies and skills, which transfer into personal development. On the other hand, unemployment has negative living and social effects. For these reasons, it is necessary to show the tools of labour law that prevent broadly understood social exclusion. Their importance becomes more evident in times of crisis, when employees are affected by its effects. Therefore, the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic is an important background for the ongoing considerations.

scholarly journals Investigating the Need to Reintroduce a Ballot Requirement for a Protected Strike in South Africa

Obiter ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mlungisi Tenza
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bill Of Rights ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Meaningful Role ◽  
Counter Argument

The issue of violent and protracted strikes has been a source of debate on many labour platforms in South Africa. Unions believe that if a ballot is introduced as one of the requirements for a protected strike in South Africa, it will be abused by employers and manipulated as was the case under the old Labour Relations Act. A counter- argument is that no one can take away a right in the Bill of Rights unless the prescribed procedure in the Constitution is followed. A right in the Bill of Rights can also not be limited unless the limitation is in terms of section 36 of the Constitution. Of particular importance to this issue is not the number of strikes in South Africa but their nature (which has been violent) and their duration (which has been unreasonably long). The violent nature of strikes is a major concern for employers, society and non-striking employees. Violent and lengthy strikes are dangerous to both employers and employees. The employer suffers loss of profit and loss of clients with the possibility of reducing its workforce or closing its business. Employees, on the other hand, face retrenchments if the business is not making a profit. The article argues that the reintroduction of a ballot requirement will play a meaningful role in reducing the number of strikes and their duration. Balloting employees prior and during the course of a strike will help test whether employees have the appetite for the strike. The article further argues that if long strikes can be reduced through ballots, dismissal on the basis of operational requirements could be avoided. In the long run, poverty arising from high levels of unemployment could be avoided.

En torno a la práctica desaparición de una competencia. El art. 149.1.6 CE y las especialidades procesales autonómicas

2012 ◽  
pp. 103-124
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel CABELLOS ESPIÉRREZ
Keyword(s):  
Civil Law ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Narrow Line ◽  
Autonomous Communities ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Substantive Law

LABURPENA: Konstituzioak, 149.1.6 artikuluan, ez zion atea itxi nahi izan autonomia- erkidegoen parte-hartzeari araudi prozesalaren erregulazioan, eta, berez, Estatuari legegintza prozesalaren gainean eman zion eskumen esklusiboa mugatua da; izan ere, beren zuzenbide substantiboaren berezitasunetatik eratorritako espezialitate prozesalen gaineko eskumena aitortu baitzien, aldi berean, autonomia-erkidegoei. Eskumen hori batez ere zuzenbide zibil propioa duten erkidegoetan erabiltzekoa zen, baina ez haietan bakarrik, ez eta soilik gai honi dagokionean ere. Konstituzio Auzitegiak, baina, hain modu murriztailean jokatu du konstituzio-arau hori interpretatu eta aplikatu behar izan duenean (47/2004 epaia da salbuespen bakarra), non autonomia-erkidegoen espezialitate prozesalen gaineko eskumena ezerezean geratu baita. Artikulu honen asmoa honako hau da: alde batetik, egoera honetara nola heldu garen aztertzea; bestetik, 21/2012 epaia analizatzea, zeinak Konstituzio Auzitegiaren ildo murriztailea berresten duen; eta, azkenik, gaurko egoeran beste hautabide batzuk eskaintzea, autonomia-erkidegoek espezialitate prozesalen gainean daukaten eskumena (haietako batzuk erabiltzen ari direna) desagertzeko zorian dago-eta Konstituzio Auzitegiaren jurisprudentzian. RESUMEN: La Constitución, en su art. 149.1.6, no quiso cerrar la puerta a la intervención de las CCAA en la regulación de la normativa procesal y otorgó al Estado una competencia exclusiva sobre legislación procesal cuya exclusividad es, en realidad, limitada, dada la simultánea atribución a las CCAA de la competencia para dictar las necesarias especialidades procesales derivadas de las particularidades de su derecho sustantivo. Ello debía ser especialmente útil en aquellas comunidades con Derecho civil propio, aunque no solo en estas ni únicamente respecto de este ámbito material. Ocurre sin embargo que el Tribunal Constitucional, en las ocasiones en que ha debido interpretar y aplicar el mencionado precepto constitucional, lo ha hecho de modo tan restrictivo que, con la única y aislada excepción de la STC 47/2004, la competencia autonómica relativa a las especialidades procesales ha quedado reducida a la nada. El propósito de este artículo es, por un lado, el de examinar cómo se ha llegado a este punto; por otro, estudiar el último de los casos relevantes, la STC 21/2012, que confirma la citada línea restrictiva seguida por el Tribunal; y finalmente apuntar algunas alternativas a la situación a la que se ha llegado, en que la competencia de las CCAA en materia de especialidades procesales (que por otra parte algunas están ejerciendo) se halla condenada a la práctica desaparición en la jurisprudencia constitucional. ABSTRACT: The Constitution in section 149.1.16 has not closed the door to the Autonomous Communities intervention in the regulation of the procedural provisions and conferred the State the exclusive power over the procedural legislation albeit its exclusivity is limited by the simultaneous allocation to the Au tonomous Communities of the power to enact the necessary procedural specifities that come from the special features of its substantive law. That should be extremely useful in those Communities with their own Civil law, even though not only in those and not solely regarding this material field. But what happens is that when the Constitutional Court had to interpret and apply the aforementioned constitutional provision, it has done it so narrowly that with the only and sole exception of the Constitutional judgment 47/2004 the power is almost reduced to nothing. The purpose of this article is on the one hand to examine how this is been reached; and on the other hand, to study the last relevant ruling, judgment 21/2012, which confirms the aforementioned narrow line of interpretation followed by the Court; and finally to point at some alternatives to the situation that has been created in which the power of the Autonomous Communities regarding the procedural specificities (and which they are exercising anyway) is doomed to the practical disappearance according to the constitutional caselaw.

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