scholarly journals JADAL AND THE INTEGRATION OF KALĀM AND FIQH: A CRITICAL STUDY OF IMĀM AL-ḤARAMAYN AL-JUWAYNĪ’S APPLICATION OF ISLAMIC DIALECTIC

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
pp. 165-185
Author(s):  
Mohammad Syifa Amin Widigdo
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Legal Scholarship ◽  
Epistemological Foundation ◽  
Rational Theology ◽  
The One

This article examines Imām al-Ḥaramayn al-Juwaynī’s application of jadal theory in both his legal and theological work by analyzing critically his  major writings, namely: Kitāb al-Irshād (1950), al-Kāfīya fī al-jadal (1979), al-Burhān fī uṣūl al-fiqh (1980), al-Durrah al-Muḍīyah fī mā waqaʿa fīhi al-khilāf bayn al-Shāfiʿīyah wa al-Ḥanafīyah (1986), and Tafḍīl madhhab al-Shāfiʿī ʿalā sā’ir al-madhāhib (2013). Through a hermeneutical reading of these books, I find that Imām al-Ḥaramayn’s application of jadal renders the integration of kalām and fiqh. At first, Imām al-Ḥaramayn aims to obtain knowledge with a certain level of certainty (in the forms of ʿilm or ghalabat al-ẓann) in law and theology by applying jadal in both disciplines. Then, this scholarly attempt of obtaining certainty interestingly provides an epistemological ground for the integration of kalām and fiqh. He inserts theological elements in his legal scholarship and incorporates a juridical perspective in his theological work. As a result, he “rationalizes” Shāfiʿī legal doctrines on the one hand and “traditionalizes” rational theology on the other. This epistemological foundation for the integration of kalām and fiqh is important not only because it provides a different description of Islamic intellectual history, but also redefines the concept of Sunnī in the eleventh century.

Traditional Polity and the Dynamics of Change in India

1963 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Bondurant
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
The One

The title of this essay begins with the word traditional and it moves towards the idea of change. As is well known, these terms—tradition and change—are not opposites, nor are they to be understood in contradistinction to one another. It is important in this context to avoid the temptation to treat them as contradictory or to draw contrasts between what one considers on the one hand traditional, and on the other, changing. One cannot accurately speak of what was as over against what will be, or what is becoming. Nor can one view the ancient as opposed to that which is modern. Clearly, the opposite of change is permanence and persistence, and is not—at least not necessarily—to be couched in terms of the traditional. One need only to remind oneself that among the most compelling elements in the West's intellectual history is the idea of progress, to understand that there are indeed traditions in which the notion of change itself has played a significant role. And so it does not follow that "traditional Indian polity" is a set of concepts to be placed over against the "dynamics of change"—quite the contrary, as I shall try to show in what follows.

Leon Petrażycki and contemporary socio-legal studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Cotterrell
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Valuable Contribution ◽  
Legal Scholarship ◽  
Legal Studies ◽  
Transnational Law ◽  
The One

AbstractThe work of the Polish–Russian scholar Leon Petrażycki from the early decades of the twentieth century holds a strikingly paradoxical position in the literature of juristic and socio-legal scholarship: on the one hand, lauded as a supremely valuable contribution to knowledge about the nature of law and, on the other, widely neglected and little known. This paper asks how far Petrażycki's theories, expressed in writings by and about him available to an international readership, can provide insight for contemporary socio-legal studies – not as historical background but as living ideas. How far can his work speak to current issues and inform current debates? What obstacles stand in the way of this? Why have few international scholars engaged with his theories despite their rigour and originality? The paper starts from this last issue before addressing the others. It argues that Petrażycki's radical legal theory offers strikingly distinctive resources for rethinking issues about the role of law in multicultural societies, the nature of developing transnational law, and the significance of law as an aspect or expression of culture.

The emancipation of economics from morality: Mandeville's Fable of the Bees

1975 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Dumont
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
The Other ◽  
Karl Polanyi ◽  
The One

The following essay is part of a study in intellectual history bearing on one aspect of the configuration of ideas and values characteristic of modern civilisation or, as the author calls it, "modern ideology" *. This system of ideas and values has the category of "the economic" as one of its major categories, one of its basic dimensions or reference coordinates. Yet the economic category has not always been there, and it is possible to isolate some of the stages or changes by which it became what it is. A new category, if it is to attain a separate existence, must in particular be emancipated from the old categories which had hitherto dominated the ideological field and prevented its independent assertion. It must get disentangled or, as Karl Polanyi would have said, dis-embedded from the configuration that still ignored it. In this case, emancipation was necessary in two directions, in relation to politics on the one hand, to morality on the other. Locke's Two Treatises of Govemment contains a choice expression of the first aspect, while the second can be documented from Mandeville's Fable.

scholarly journals Rational Theology in Polemic Strategies of Early Christian Apologues

2020 ◽  
pp. 1398-1404
Author(s):  
Roman V. Svetlov ◽  
Dmitry V. Shmonin
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
Rational Theology ◽  
Christian Literature ◽  
Justin Martyr ◽  
The One ◽  
Size And Structure

The texts of early Christian apologists are an example of a clear argumentative reaction to a number of external and internal challenges. The internal ones included changes in the size and structure of the community, increased heterodoxia, and a decrease in eschatological moods. Among the external – on the one hand, the growth of hostility and systematic persecution on the part of Rome, on the other, the specific atmosphere of the “age of the Antonines”, age of imperators who practiced, at least formally, a policy of mercy. All this stimulated the development of rhetoric in Christian literature, the formation of the genre of Christian apology, as well as specific apologetic strategies, in which early Christian rational theology was reflected. Its most important element was the formation of ideas about a righteous life as the root condition of philosophical wisdom. It is this approach that helps, for example, Justin Martyr find a way to convert ancient wisdom into a rational-theological toolkit of apologetics

scholarly journals Order in the House: Epilogue

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-297
Author(s):  
Maaike van Berkel
Keyword(s):  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Tenth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Islamic Tradition ◽  
The One

Abstract The contributions to this Special Issue of the Journal of Abbasid Studies show that the later third/ninth to the early fifth/eleventh century witnessed the output of a variety of voluminous books, not only in the Arabic-Islamic tradition, but in chronologically parallel cultures as well. For an overall understanding of the writerly culture of the era, further exploration of the organisation of information and the development of tools to locate data is called for. My epilogue offers a step in this direction against the backdrop of fourth/tenth-century caliphal administration and the organisation of archives on the one hand, and a comparison with the later and much more studied Mamluk writerly culture on the other.

Edward Lear

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Williams
Keyword(s):  
Full Length ◽  
The Other ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Proper Place ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Literary Histories ◽  
The One

Edward Lear wrote a well-known autobiographical poem that begins “How pleasant to know Mr Lear!” But how well do we really know him? On the one hand he is, in John Ashbery’s words, “one of the most popular poets who ever lived”; on the other hand he has often been overlooked or marginalized by scholars and in literary histories. This book, the first full length critical study of the poet since the 1980s, sets out to re-introduce Lear and to accord him his proper place: as a major Victorian figure of continuing appeal and relevance, and especially as a poet of beauty, comedy, and profound ingenuity. It approaches Lear’s work thematically, tracing some of its most fundamental subjects and situations. Grounded in attentive close readings, it connects Lear’s nonsense poetry with his various other creative endeavours: as a zoological illustrator and landscape painter, a travel writer, and a prolific diarist and correspondent.

Zwischen Recht und Ethik

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idris Nassery
Keyword(s):  
Business Ethics ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Islamic Ethics ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The One

This study focuses on addressing the question of how a form of business ethics which not only stems from the internal structure of Islamic intellectual history but which also relates to today’s globalised societies be conceived. Using the approaches of Karl Homann and Peter Ulrich as a starting point on the one hand and in line with several prominent voices from Islamic economics on the other, the author develops such a form of ethics, which sees itself as a catalyst to current discourse, in the context of the reflections of Abū Ḥāmid al-Ġazzālī. As there are still no in-depth concepts of business ethics in contemporary Muslim theology, it makes sense to relate the quintessential ideas of al-Ġazzālī to contemporary theories on business ethics in order to demonstrate how Islamic law and Islamic ethics can act as partners in dialogue in secular processes of understanding.

Custom, Truth, and Gender in Eleventh-Century Reform

1998 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 75-91
Author(s):  
Conrad Leyser
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Church Reform ◽  
Ancient Rhetoric ◽  
Moral Language ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The One ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Way

The Lord did not say, “I am custom”, but “I am Truth”.’ So, allegedly, Pope Gregory VII, in words that – among medievalists at least – have become almost as well known as the Scriptural text to which they refer, ‘I am the way, the truth, and the life’ (John 14.6). The Gregoriandictumembodies the paradox at the centre of the movement for Church Reform in the eleventh century, a paradox which continues to shape historiographical discussion of the period. On the one hand, Gregory and his circle presented themselves as uncompromising fighters for the truth of their vision of the Church, prepared to dismiss any appeal to established practice, however venerable; on the other, and in the same moment, however, they themselves appealed explicitly to past precedent in broadcasting their manifesto. In the comment attributed to Gregory, the authority of ‘the blessed Cyprian’ (mediated in turn by Augustine) is invoked to sanction the rejection of custom. To ‘custom’, then, the reformers opposed not ‘truth’ as a timeless absolute, but a notion of truth embedded in a tradition of moral language. Like many revolutionaries, they saw themselves as restoring their society to a pristine state from which it had fallen away – deaf to the accusation of their opponents that such ‘reform’ was in fact irreparably destructive of the peace of the community. In part because eleventh-century questions about the moral, and in particular the sexual, behaviour of the priesthood continue to be relevant in modern churches, modern scholars continue to take sides over Reform, depicting Gregory VII either as faithful restorer or as demonic innovator. This interpretative deadlock suggests, perhaps, that we should look again at the reformers’ paradoxical notion of truth as it emerges through their use of inherited language. My suggestion is that crucial to the truth of Reform in the eleventh century was its reassertion of a very ancient rhetoric of gender.

VIII. A critical study of spectral series.— Part III. The atomic weight term and its import in the constitution of spectra

1914 ◽  
Vol 213 (497-508) ◽  
pp. 323-420
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Table ◽  
Principal Series ◽  
Atomic Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Spectral Series ◽  
Present Communication ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Relation ◽  
The One

The doublet and triplet separations in the spectra of elements are, as has long been known, roughly proportional to the squares of their atomic weights, at least whenelements of the same group of the periodic table are compared. In the formulæ which give the series lines these separations arise by certain terms being deducted from the denominator of the typical sequences. For instance, in the alkalies if the p -sequence be written N/D m 2 , where D m = m +μ+α/ m the p -sequence for the second principal series has denominator D—Δ, and we get converging doublets; whereas the constant separations for the S and D series are formed by taking S 1 (∞) = D 1 (∞) = N/D 1 2 and S 2 (∞) = D 2 (∞)= N/(D 1 —Δ) 2 . It is clear that the values of Δ for the various elements will also be roughly proportional to the squares of the atomic weights. For this reason it is convenient to refer to them as the atomic weight terms. We shall denote them by Δ in the case of doublets and Δ 1 and Δ 2 in the case of triplets, using v as before to denote the separations. Two questions naturally arise. On the one hand what is the real relation between them and the atomic weights, and on the other what relation have they to the constitution of the spectra themselves ? The present communication is an attempt to throw some light on both these problems.

scholarly journals Ukrainian Religious Studies in the Context of World Religion Science

2006 ◽  
pp. 69-92
Author(s):  
Liudmyla O. Fylypovych
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Western Science ◽  
World Religion ◽  
The World ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The One ◽  
Scientific Atheism

Ukrainian religious studies has recently entered the world scientific community. Acquaintance with Western science, which has proven to be heterogeneous, often based on different methodological approaches and methodological means, has coincided with difficult internal transformations that have undergone all humanitarian knowledge in Ukraine after worldviews and political changes in society. In pursuit of its identity, domestic religious studies went, on the one hand, by contrasting itself with theology, and on the other, by distinguishing itself from scientific atheism. At first, the emergence of religious studies from the bosom of ideologized social science was more relevant. In the form of a critical study of religion, Soviet-era religious studies were included in scientific atheism. Therefore, religious studies came not as knowledge of religion, but as its critique.

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