scholarly journals Algorithmic pricing and market coordination – toward a notion of “collusive risk”

2020 ◽  
pp. 241-255
Author(s):  
Juliane K. Mendelsohn
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Competition Policy ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Free Market Economy ◽  
Original Intent ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
Policy Debates

Over the past couple of years, many competition and antitrust scholars have feared the dawn of ‘algorithmic collusion’. Some have thus suggested expanding the notions of ‘collusion’ and ‘agreement’ in order to capture such coordination. Rather than using an expansive reading of ‘collusion’, the author of this article suggests an approach that works with the core and original intent of Article 101(1) TFEU: the fostering of independent conduct and prevention of market coordination. It finds this to be doctrinally undisputed and also consistent with long-standing competition policy debates, as well as an egalitarian notion of price that lays the foundation of the free market economy. On this basis, and considering given uncertainties, an operational notion of ‘collusive risk’ is put forward.

The Understanding of Entertainment in Press Enterprises in Turkey

2014 ◽  
pp. 105-121
Author(s):  
Cuneyt Binatli ◽  
Gozde Sunal
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Print Media ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Free Market Economy ◽  
Potential Harm ◽  
The Past ◽  
Promotional Materials ◽  
The Government ◽  
Potential Customers

Marketing techniques have been developed in print media for more than a century in order to increase demand for newspapers and magazines. Readers' choices are determined to be impacted by the promotional practices that have become a crucial financing source for newspapers in the free market economy and the related competitive advantages existing in our country. As an effective promotion method used by companies at press organizations to introduce themselves to their potential customers or to increase their sales, promotional materials were distributed in the past for any entertainment and sales-boosting purposes, without considering their pedagogical effect or the potential harm to the children. It was later agreed that such materials should mainly include educational aspects, as decided by the government. Therefore, the main purpose of this chapter is to describe the recreational promotion products as well as a basic background on the reasons for distributing such products.

scholarly journals Computerization of cartographic publishing activity – an outline of the problem exemplified by the former monopolist in Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-150
Author(s):  
Beata Konopska
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Free Market Economy ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Psychological Barriers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Investment Opportunities

Abstract The post-1989 transition from a centrally planned economy to a free-market economy generated new investment opportunities in Poland, heavily impacted by computerization. The article analyses the genesis, course and effects of implementation of computerization in a cartographic publishing house which spent several decades operating on a typical Central and Eastern European market. It also highlights the multi-dimensional nature of this process, presenting it in the context of political and socio-economic changes. The author indicates that the factors hindering efficient implementation of computerization were the very qualities which in the past determined the enterprise’s market potential: a great reserve of source and technical materials for publishing maps, efficient technological facilities, experienced employees and the management who sought modernization, but underestimated the potential of computerization and had to deal with its own psychological barriers related to the issue.

Determinanty wewnętrzne polityki zagranicznej Ukrainy pod rządami Wołodymyra Zełenskiego

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-141
Author(s):  
Tomasz Stępniewski
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Political System ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Free Market Economy ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
The People ◽  
Internal Politics ◽  
Research Questions

The present paper discusses the following research questions: to what extent did errors made by the previous presidents of Ukraine result in the country’s failure to introduce systemic reforms (e.g. combating corruption, the development of a foundation for a stable state under the rule of law and free-market economy)?; can it be ventured that the lack of radical reforms along with errors in the internal politics of Ukraine under Petro Poroshenko resulted in the president’s failure?; will the strong vote of confidence given to Volodymyr Zelensky and the Servant of the People party exact systemic reforms in Ukraine?; or will Volodymyr Zelensky merely become an element of the oligarchic political system in Ukraine?

KEGAGALAN PRIVATISASI BUMN DI ERA REZIM ORDE BARU DALAM PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI POLITIK

Wacana Publik ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syamsul Ma'arif
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
The State ◽  
Early Years ◽  
New Order ◽  
Free Market Economy ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Role Of The State

After had being carried out nationalization and hostility against west countries, the New Order regime made important decision to change Indonesia economic direction from etatism system to free market economy. A set of policies were taken in order private sector could play major role in economic. However, when another economic sectors were reformed substantially, effords to reform the State Owned Enterprises had failed. The State Owned Enterprise, in fact, remained to play dominant role like early years of guided democracy era. Role of the State Owned Enterprises was more and more powerfull). The main problem of reforms finally lied on reality that vested interest of bureaucrats (civil or military) was so large that could’nt been overcome. 

scholarly journals Związek wolnego rynku z dyktaturą polityczną: przejściowy czy trwały? Przykład Chin

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aniela Dylus
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Political Freedom ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Paradigm Change ◽  
Free Market Economy ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Liberal Economy ◽  
Democratic Systems ◽  
Economy System

Aniela Dylus, Związek wolnego rynku z dyktaturą polityczną: przejściowy czy trwały? Przykład Chin [The relation between free market economy and political dictatorship – is it of temporary or permanent nature? The example of China] edited by W. Banach, M.A. Michalski, J. Sójka, „Człowiek i Społeczeństwo” vol. XLVI: Między Chinami a Zachodem. Pytanie o źródła chińskiego sukcesu gospodarczego [Between China and the West. An inquiry into the sources of the Chinese economic miracle], Poznań 2018, pp. 103–119, Adam Mickiewicz University. Faculty of Social Sciences Press. ISSN 0239-3271.The relation between free market economy and democracy has been assumed as a paradigm in the western culture since the Enlightenment. However, this paradigm seems to be violated by markets that flourish under the political dictatorship. Are these markets the exceptions to the rule or maybe their scale does not indicate the necessity of paradigm change? Or maybe we are wrong to assume that capitalism flourish mainly in democratic systems? Is it possible that the relation between communist political dictatorship and liberal economy system is only of temporary nature and people that have economical freedom will demand sooner or later their political freedom? To answer these questions, (1) the paradigm of relationship between free market, its prosperity and democracy and (2) the arguments supporting this relationship have been discussed. Referring to Samuel Huntington’s theory, (3) it has been reminded that many factors, not only economical ones, decide about democratization of political life and some exceptions to this rule have been mentioned. (4) The example of contemporary China is one of the most spectacular example. The short characteristic of (5) its economic condition, (6) its economic system and political dictatorship has been presented and then the attempts have been made to give the arguments either for (7) temporary or (8) permanent relationship between free market and political dictatorship in China. Although the idea of democracy, the rule of law and human rights seems not to be the only alternative base of economical market system, it appears to be prevalent and the only one in a longer period.

Selected Aspects of Slovac Republic Territorial Development Visions

2016 ◽  
Vol 820 ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Jarmila Husenicova ◽  
Zuzana Dohnanska
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Free Market Economy ◽  
Territorial Development ◽  
Land Rent ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Urbanization Development

Paper deals with urbanization development of Slovakia regarding the rate and degree of urbanization, chances of urban spaces use of cities surroundings as consider to land rent, approximation of territorial development legislation to the free market economy conditions, regional visions creations new methods and inevitable need of territorial information systems deepening and automation.

The Legal Framework of Capital Movements and Current Payments in Palestine and its Compatibility with International Law

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-137
Author(s):  
Samer Fares
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Free Market Economy ◽  
Palestinian Authority ◽  
Capital Movements ◽  
Palestinian Economy

AbstractSince its inauguration in 1994, the Palestinian Authority (PA) has taken responsibility over Palestinian economy and finance. The PA lifted all restrictions on the movement of capital and current payments. Although this has moved Palestinian economy from a heavily controlled economy to a market-based style, the liberalization process was not built on sound legal bases and thus created a legal vacuum. The PA has been working ever since to confirm the Palestinian free-market economy with the introduction of a new well-developed legal system consistent with international standards and norms. Therefore, the objectives of this article are to analyze the Palestinian liberalization process and its compatibility with international law obligations.

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