scholarly journals ​Assessment of Hydrocyanic Acid (HCN) Content during Different Stages of Growth in Johnson Grass (Sorghum helepensis)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.N. Jadav ◽  
R.B. Makwana ◽  
S.S. Parikh
Keyword(s):  
Hydrocyanic Acid ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Sorghum Vulgare ◽  
Gujarat State ◽  
Kharif Season ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Safe Level ◽  
Johnson Grass ◽  
Fodder Crops ◽  
Ruminant Animals

Background: Johnson grass (Sorghum helepensis) is not a cultivated fodder crop but it is a wild variety seen on farm bunds after rainfall in which Sorghum vulgare (Gundrijowar) fodder crops were cultivated in kharif season in Saurashtra region of Gujarat state. At different stages of growth, Johnson grass contains cyanogenic glycosides of varying level which liberate hydrocyanic acid in rumen when it consumed by ruminant animals due to rumen microflora (Toxic level of HCN is 20 mg/ 100 gm dry matter). The current study aimed to estimate varying levels of HCN in Johnson grass to keep dairy farmers informed of safe level of HCN for harvesting. Methods: An investigation was carried out at Cattle Breeding Farm, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat for three consecutive years 2013-2015 in kharif season. Non-cultivated (Sorghum helepensis) fodder samples were collected for quantitative HCN concentration from farm bunds nearby eight sown plots of Gundrijowar (Sorghum vulgare) from 15 DAS and sampling were continued at fortnightly intervals till the plots exhibit 25% flowering stage. Result: Result of obtained data in present study revealed that concentration of HCN in Johnson grass in kharif season decreased significantly (p less than 0.05) on attaining 25% flowering stage during the year 2013, 2014 and 2015. It was concluded that Green Johnson grass can be fed to ruminant animals safely at 25% flowering stage.

scholarly journals Hydrocyanic Acid (HCN) Estimation during Different Stages of Growth in Gundrijowar (Sorghum vulgare) Fodder Crop

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (09) ◽  
pp. 1328-1333
Author(s):  
C. N. Jadav ◽  
R. B. Makwana ◽  
S. S. Parikh ◽  
P. M. Gamit ◽  
K. S. Murthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrocyanic Acid ◽  
Sorghum Vulgare ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Fodder Crop

CYTOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE ORIGIN OF JOHNSON GRASS

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir P. Mouftah ◽  
J. D. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Sorghum Vulgare ◽  
Johnson Grass ◽  
Species Hybrids ◽  
Advanced Generation ◽  
Metaphase I

Observations were made at diakinesis and metaphase I of the frequencies of the various types of chromosomal associations in advanced generation allotetraploids of Sorghum vulgare × S. virgatum and in tri-species hybrids of (S. vulgare × S. virgatum)2 × S. halepense. The most frequent configurations were bivalents and quadrivalents, although all combinations from univalent to hexavalent were seen. Statistical analysis of the data failed to differentiate between the chomosomal behavior of the allotetraploids and that of the tri-species hybrids. This supports the hypothesis that S. vulgare and S. virgatum are the diploid progenitors of S. halepense.

EFFECT OF PASMO DISEASE ON SEED YIELD AND THOUSAND KERNEL WEIGHT OF FLAX

1950 ◽  
Vol 28c (5) ◽  
pp. 493-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Sackston
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Thousand Kernel Weight ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Field Plots

The pasmo pathogen sporulated freely on potato dextrose agar containing yeast extract. Spores suspended in water with gelatin as a spreader–sticker were sprayed onto flax plants at different stages of growth in field plots. Heaviest infections of pasmo resulted from inoculations at the flowering stage, lighter infections from inoculations on seedlings, and lightest infections from inoculations on ripening plants. Diluting the concentration of spores in the inoculum reduced disease intensity. The four flax varieties in the tests differed in reaction to pasmo. In decreasing order of susceptibility they were: Viking, Redwing, Royal, and Crystal. Heavy infections of pasmo caused premature ripening and reduced the seed yield and weight per thousand kernels of all four varieties. The effects of pasmo infection on seed yield and kernel weight were similar to those caused by a hot, dry climate, and by flax rust. Seed yield and kernel weight were reduced most markedly by inoculation at the flowering stage, less severely by inoculation at the seedling stage, and least of all by inoculation at the time of ripening. Seed yield and kernel weight from plots inoculated when the plants were ripening did not differ significantly from the uninoculated checks. Highly significant positive correlations between the data for seed yield and kernel weight indicated that much of the loss in yield resulted from a reduction in the size of individual seeds.

Cercospora sorghi. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Mulder
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Sorghum Vulgare ◽  
Grey Leaf Spot ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
Leaf Colour ◽  
Black Light ◽  
Johnson Grass

Abstract A description is provided for Cercospora sorghi. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Sorghum vulgare, S. sudanense, S. halepense and S. dochna. DISEASE: Grey leaf spot of sorghum, Sudan grass, Johnson grass and broomcorn. Spots usually first form on the lower leaves and infection gradually spreads upwards; they are elongate, somewhat delimited by the veins and individually > 1 cm long and 3-5 mm in width. Coalescence can take place, to give larger stripes or patches and kill large areas of the leaf. The colour (shades of red to black, light brown or yellowish) of the lesions varies with that of leaf colour. The deep coloured spots tend to have lighter coloured outer rings than the paler ones where the margins are darker. Colours darken with age and a faint zonation may be found (10, 516). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread (CMI Map 338, ed. 3, 1974). TRANSMISSION: No studies reported; conidia presumably air-dispersed and spread from host debris.

scholarly journals The Effect of Drying Processes on the Nutritional and Phytochemical Levels of Chia Leaves (Salvia hispanica L.) at Different Stages of Growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 68-75
Author(s):  
Jackline S. Kirruti ◽  
Monica W. Mburu ◽  
Daniel M. Njoroge
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Solar Drying ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Salvia Hispanica ◽  
Oven Drying ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Salvia Hispanica L

Chia leaf (Salvia hispanica L.) is an underutilized low-cost source of nutrients. The leaf is currently not widely utilized as compared to the chia seeds which have wide use in the food industry. The present study investigated the effect of solar-drying and oven-drying chia leaves harvested at different stages of growth on their nutritional and phytochemical composition. The chia leaves were harvested at four stages of early vegetative stage, late vegetative stage, budding stage and flowering stage. Oven drying was done at45 ºC for 24hours, and solar dried in a solar drier until a constant weight was achieved. The results indicated significant differences (p<0.05) between treatments and stages of maturity. Results also showed that solar dried had better nutritional and phytochemical retention over oven dried chia leaves. Crude protein was highest in solar dried leaves at early vegetative stage (FS1) 4.48%, compared to 4.44% for oven dried chia leaves. The fiber content increased from the fresh leaf at 12.4% to high content in solar dried leaf at the early vegetative stage at 23.33%, while oven dried leaves had high content at the flowering stage at 22.09%. There were minimal changes in fat content of the dried chia leaves compared to fresh sample at 5.908%, with high fat levels noted for oven dried leaf at the early vegetative stage (FS3) at 5.68% and solar dried leaves at 4.71% at the budding stage. The difference in fat content could be attributed to degradation during the drying processes. Ash content on the other hand showed difference at different stages of growth from raw samples for both solar- and oven dried leaves. Highest retention of phenolic content was recorded at 147.62 mg/GAE for solar dried leaves at the budding stage (FS3). However, oven dried leaf samples recorded high phenolic content at 124.06 mg/GAE at the late vegetative stage. The flavonoid levels were recorded highest for solar dried leaves at the budding stage at 299.8 mg/CE, compared to high content for oven dried leaves at the budding stage recorded at 270.4 mg/CE. Scavenging activity was highest recorded for solar dried samples at the budding and flowering stages at 100 µg/100g compared to oven dried leaves at 80.85 µg/100g at the late vegetative stage. Solar drying is the simplest and convenient low-cost technology for preserving the nutritional quality and retention of phytochemical ranges of chia leaves which will enhance their utilization when abundantly available.

The lignin and cellulose contents of certain grassland species at different stages of growth

1950 ◽  
Vol 40 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 93-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Armstrong ◽  
H. Cook ◽  
Brynmor Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Marked Rise ◽  
Grassland Species ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Large Samples

1. The lignin and cellulose contents of the dry matter of seven herbage species, including three grasses, two legumes and two herbs, have been determined at different stages of growth. Similar analyses of large samples of crude fibre isolated from early and late cuts of all species were made.2. No considerable differences between the lignin contents of the dry matter of the species were found when comparisons were made at the same stage of growth.3. In a majority of the species examined a marked rise in lignin content was found to occur at the flowering stage.4. The cellulose content of grasses, whether expressed as a percentage of the dry matter or of the carbohydrate fraction, is much higher than that of either legumes or herbs. In consequence, crude fibre contents are greater in the former than in the latter.5. The findings of earlier workers that the composition of the crude fibre varied as between species have been confirmed. It has been shown that, in any one species, the crude fibre make-up is dependent on the stage of growth.6. The recovery of lignin and cellulose in the crude fibre of the different species has been studied. Several possible explanations of the variable recoveries found have been suggested and discussed.7. The case for modification of the conventional method of feeding-stuff analysis, as it applies to the non-fatty and non-nitrogenous organic matter, has been discussed in the light of conclusions reached in the course of this work.

scholarly journals Influence of Different Fertility Management Practices on Productivity and Economics of Forage Soybean

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waseem Raja ◽  
M. Anwar Bhat ◽  
B.A. Allie ◽  
Intikhab A. Jehangir ◽  
Ashaq Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Kharif Season ◽  
Fertility Management ◽  
Fodder Crops ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
Live Stock ◽  
The Impact

Background: Quality and higher fodder production is one of the important aspects to get higher productivity from live stock. India suffer a net deficiency of 35.6% green fodder, 10.95% dry crop residues and Jammu and Kashmir faces a net deficit of 19% in fodder. The choice to grow cultivated fodder crops during kharif season in Kashmir is limited and are grown generally under rainfed conditions. The major kharif season fodder cereal crops are maize and sorghum and the legume fodder crops are cowpea and soybean. To improve the quality and yield of fodder crops, it is important to standardise production technology for legume fodder crops. Methods: A field experiment was undertaken at Agronomy Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Wadura of Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir during kharif 2019 and 2020 to study the impact of different fertility management practices on productivity and economics of forage soybean. The experiment comprising of seven treatments laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Result: Application of N, P2O5, K2O (30, 90, 45 kg/ha) along with 0.1 tons/ha vermicompost recoded higher green fodder productivity and growth characters of soybean. However application of N, P2O5, K2O (20, 60, 30 kg/ha) was found economically viable option.

scholarly journals Time of incorporation of field legume herbage and its influence on the growth and yield of upland rice

2006 ◽  
pp. 12-31
Author(s):  
Berta Ratilla ◽  
Rodolfo Escalada
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Usual Practice ◽  
Green Manuring ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Green Manure Crops

Three species of legumes such as mungbean, cowpea, amd bushbean were incorporated into the soil at flowering to later stages of growth namely; after 1st, 2nd, and 3rd priming operations. These were followed by two croppings of upland rice. Significantly lower soil bulk densities were obtained after the first crop of rice when mungbean and bushbean herbage were used as green manure. The pH, O.M., P and K contents of the soil planted to rice were not markedly affected by the species and timing of field legume incorporation. Interaction effects between the two variables on O. M. and pH were noted after the harvest of the first and second crops of rice, respectively. Most of the growth and yield parameters of both crops of rice were not significantly influenced by the treatments involved. [his indicates the feasibility of modifying the usual practice of green manuring at flowering stage to later stages of growth using grain legumes without necessarily sacrificing their expected yields. Cowpea was the most suitable green manure crops for upland rice. Its use resulted in the highest combined net income for two croppings of rice, generating PhP 48,698.98 ha-1 or PhP 2.12 income per peso invested. Regardless of field legumes used, herbage incorporation after the first priming generated an income of PhP 1.56 per peso invested while green manuring at flowering stage gave only PhP 0.69.

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