G and P types of bovine group A rotavirus in northern India

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tripti Singh ◽  
Rashmi Singh ◽  
Ajay Pratap Singh ◽  
Y. P.S. Malik ◽  
Minakshi Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Interspecies Transmission ◽  
Buffalo Calves ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
Group A ◽  
Vp6 Gene ◽  
Faecal Suspension

Animal rotaviruses (RVs) are considered as a potential threat to humans due to possibility of interspecies transmission and exchange of genomic materials. Among several RVs, the group A rotaviruses (RVA) are the major cause of diarrhoea in cattle and buffalo calves worldwide. The present study was carried out to understand epidemiology and types of RVA circulating in Mathura region of northern India. One hundred faecal samples were collected from diarrhoeic cattle (n=94) and buffalo calves (n=6) from organized dairy farms. Viral RNA was extracted from faecal suspension and was transcribed to cDNA using RT-PCR. The cDNA was amplified for VP6, VP7 and VP4 genes and multiplex nested PCR was done for G and P genotyping. Twelve samples were detected positive for RVA by antigen detection ELISA and eleven samples produced expected amplicon for group A specific VP6 gene. On genotyping with G3, G6, G8 and G10 specific primers for VP7 gene and P [1] and P [11] specific primers for VP4 gene, G6 genotype predominated over other genotypes. Dual genotypes were also observed. In P typing only one isolate was found to be positive for P [1] and rest all samples remained untypable. The result of present study indicates G6 as a major G genotype and change in frequencies of distribution of G types in this part of the country.

scholarly journals Human, porcine and bovine rotaviruses in Slovenia: evidence of interspecies transmission and genome reassortment

2008 ◽  
Vol 89 (7) ◽  
pp. 1690-1698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrej Steyer ◽  
Mateja Poljšak-Prijatelj ◽  
Darja Barlič-Maganja ◽  
Jožica Marin
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Zoonotic Transmission ◽  
Interspecies Transmission ◽  
Genotype Combination ◽  
Human Rotavirus ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
Group A ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Genome Reassortment

A surveillance of human, porcine and bovine rotaviruses was carried out in Slovenia in 2004 and 2005. Stool samples were collected from a total of 406 pigs (373 from asymptomatic animals), 132 cattle (126 from asymptomatic animals) and 241 humans (all with diarrhoea), tested for group A rotaviruses using RT-PCR and analysed by sequencing. The aims of the study were to determine the incidence of asymptomatic rotavirus infection in animals, to look for evidence of zoonotic transmission and to detect reassortment among rotaviruses. The rates of asymptomatic shedding of rotaviruses in pigs and cattle were 18.0 % (67/373) and 4.0 % (5/126), respectively. Evidence for zoonotic transmission was detected in one human rotavirus strain, SI-MB6, with the G3P[6] genotype combination, as the nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences of the VP6, VP7, VP8* and NSP4 genes of strain SI-MB6 and of porcine strains showed high nucleotide and amino acid sequence identity. Two porcine rotavirus strains carried VP7 of probable human origin, suggesting an interspecies reassortment event in the past.

A novel genomic constellation (G10P[3]) of group A rotavirus detected from buffalo calves in northern India

2008 ◽  
Vol 138 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 36-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balvinder K. Manuja ◽  
Minakshi Prasad ◽  
Anju Manuja ◽  
Baldev R. Gulati ◽  
Gaya Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Buffalo Calves ◽  
Group A Rotavirus ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Group A

Whole genomic analyses of equine group A rotaviruses from Japan: Evidence for bovine-to-equine interspecies transmission and reassortment events

2013 ◽  
Vol 166 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 474-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Souvik Ghosh ◽  
Koki Taniguchi ◽  
Satoru Aida ◽  
Balasubramanian Ganesh ◽  
Nobumichi Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Interspecies Transmission ◽  
Genomic Analyses ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
Group A

scholarly journals Complete Genome Characterization of Recent and Ancient Belgian Pig Group A Rotaviruses and Assessment of Their Evolutionary Relationship with Human Rotaviruses

2014 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 1043-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastiaan Theuns ◽  
Elisabeth Heylen ◽  
Mark Zeller ◽  
Inge D. M. Roukaerts ◽  
Lowiese M. B. Desmarets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Interspecies Transmission ◽  
Species Barrier ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Genotype Constellation ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
Group A ◽  
Evolutionary Paths

ABSTRACTGroup A rotaviruses (RVAs) are an important cause of diarrhea in young pigs and children. An evolutionary relationship has been suggested to exist between pig and human RVAs. This hypothesis was further investigated by phylogenetic analysis of the complete genomes of six recent (G2P[27], G3P[6], G4P[7], G5P[7], G9P[13], and G9P[23]) and one historic (G1P[7]) Belgian pig RVA strains and of all completely characterized pig RVAs from around the globe. In contrast to the large diversity of genotypes found for the outer capsid proteins VP4 and VP7, a relatively conserved genotype constellation (I5-R1-C1-M1-A8-N1-T7-E1-H1) was found for the other 9 genes in most pig RVA strains. VP1, VP2, VP3, NSP2, NSP4, and NSP5 genes of porcine RVAs belonged to genotype 1, which is shared with human Wa-like RVAs. However, for most of these gene segments, pig strains clustered distantly from human Wa-like RVAs, indicating that viruses from both species have entered different evolutionary paths. However, VP1, VP2, and NSP3 genes of some archival human strains were moderately related to pig strains. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP6, NSP1, and NSP3 genes, as well as amino acid analysis of the antigenic regions of VP7, further confirmed this evolutionary segregation. The present results also indicate that the species barrier is less strict for pig P[6] strains but that chances for successful spread of these strains in the human population are hampered by the better adaptation of pig RVAs to pig enterocytes. However, future surveillance of pig and human RVA strains is warranted.IMPORTANCERotaviruses are an important cause of diarrhea in many species, including pigs and humans. Our understanding of the evolutionary relationship between rotaviruses from both species is limited by the lack of genomic data on pig strains. In this study, recent and ancient Belgian pig rotavirus isolates were sequenced, and their evolutionary relationship with human Wa-like strains was investigated. Our data show that Wa-like human and pig strains have entered different evolutionary paths. Our data indicate that pig P[6] strains form the most considerable risk for interspecies transmission to humans. However, efficient spread of pig strains in the human population is most likely hampered by the adaptation of some crucial viral proteins to the cellular machinery of pig enterocytes. These data allow a better understanding of the risk for direct interspecies transmission events and the emergence of pig rotaviruses or pig-human reassortants in the human population.

scholarly journals Emergence of Rare Bovine–Human Reassortant DS-1-Like Rotavirus A Strains with G8P[8] Genotype in Human Patients in the Czech Republic

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moutelíková ◽  
Sauer ◽  
Dvořáková Heroldová ◽  
Holá ◽  
Prodělalová
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Interspecies Transmission ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Rotavirus A ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
Group A ◽  
First Time

Group A Rotaviruses (RVA) are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in children and a major cause of childhood mortality in low-income countries. RVAs are mostly host-specific, but interspecies transmission and reassortment between human and animal RVAs significantly contribute to their genetic diversity. We investigated the VP7 and VP4 genotypes of RVA isolated from 225 stool specimens collected from Czech patients with gastroenteritis during 2016–2019. The most abundant genotypes were G1P[8] (42.7%), G3P[8] (11.1%), G9P[8] (9.8%), G2P[4] (4.4%), G4P[8] (1.3%), G12P[8] (1.3%), and, surprisingly, G8P[8] (9.3%). Sequence analysis of G8P[8] strains revealed the highest nucleotide similarity of all Czech G8 sequences to the G8P[8] rotavirus strains that were isolated in Vietnam in 2014/2015. The whole-genome backbone of the Czech G8 strains was determined with the use of next-generation sequencing as DS-1-like. Phylogenetic analysis of all segments clustered the Czech isolates with RVA strains that were formerly described in Southeast Asia, which had emerged following genetic reassortment between bovine and human RVAs. This is the first time that bovine–human DS1-like G8P[8] strains were detected at a high rate in human patients in Central Europe. Whether the emergence of this unusual genotype reflects the establishment of a new RVA strain in the population requires the continuous monitoring of rotavirus epidemiology.

scholarly journals Unusual rotavirus genotypes in humans and animals with acute diarrhoea in Northeast India

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (13) ◽  
pp. 2780-2789 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. CHAKRABORTY ◽  
M. J. BHATTACHARJEE ◽  
I. SHARMA ◽  
P. PANDEY ◽  
N. N. BARMAN
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Acute Diarrhoea ◽  
Northeast India ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Infantile Diarrhoea ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Global Spread ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
Group A

SUMMARYRotavirus (RV) infection causes acute infantile diarrhoea in humans and animals and remains a major concern for vaccine development. The close proximity of humans to animals may foster cross-species infection resulting in the emergence of novel/unusual strains by genetic reassortment. In this study, we characterized 500 diarrhoeal samples for group A rotaviruses (RVA) from children (n= 290), piglets (n= 95) and calves (n= 115) in Northeast India during 2012–2013. The data showed that 142/500 (28·4%) faecal samples were positive for RVA with the highest level of infection detected in piglets (57/142, 40·1%) followed by children (51/142, 35·9%) and calves (34/142, 23·9%). Sequence-based G- and P-typing showed G1P[8] (25%) and G1P[7] (35%) were the prevailing genotypes in both humans and animals. Single cases of unusual genotypes, i.e. G9P[8], G5P[8] in humans and G1P[13], G1P[23] and G3P[7] in animals were also identified. Cluster analyses of the sequences showed regional strains were genetically closer to their homologous strains. However, human G5P[8] and porcine G1P[8] strains showed homology to heterologous hosts of their prototype strains. The subsequent global spread of unusual RV strains may result in their establishment over time, presenting challenges to future vaccine evaluation programmes. More studies on emerging genotypes are required to elucidate how RVA strains evolve post-vaccination. This study supports the need for continuous surveillance of RVA infections after detecting from diverse hosts in a common setting.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of unusual G10P[33], G6P[14] genomic constellations and evidence of zooanthroponosis in bovines

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.M Sawant ◽  
S Digraskar ◽  
V. Gopalkrishna
Keyword(s):  
Western India ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Species Barrier ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
Group A ◽  
Lineage 2 ◽  
Vp6 Gene ◽  
Neonatal Calves

AbstractGroup A rotaviruses (RVA) are a major cause of diarrhea in neonatal calves and children. The present study examined G/P combinations and genetic characteristics of RVAs in diarrheic bovine calves in Western India. RVAs were detected in 27 samples (17.64%) with predominance of G10P[11] (51.85%), followed by previously unreported genomic constellations, G6P[14] (14.81%), and, G6P[4] (7.40%) and G10P[33] (3.70%). Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed circulation of G10 (Lineage-5), G6 (Lineage-2), P[11] (Lineage-3), P[14] (proposed Lineage-8) and P[4] (Lineage-3) genotypes. The predominant G10P[11] strains were typical bovine strains and exhibited genotypic homogeneity. The rare, G10P[33] strain, had VP7 and VP4 genes of bovine origin but resemblance of VP6 gene with simian strain indicated possible reassortment between bovine and simian (SA11-like) strains. The VP6 and VP7 genes of other two rare strains, G6P[14] and G6P[4], were similar to those of bovine stains, but the VP4 was closely related to those of the human-bovine like and human strains, respectively. Additionally, in VP4 gene phylogenetic tree Indian P[14] strains constituted a closely related genetic cluster distinct from the other P[14] strains, hence Lineage-8 was proposed for them. These findings indicated that bovines could serve as source for anthropozoonotic transmission of G6P[14] strains while zooanthroponotic transmission followed by reassortment with human strain gave rise to G6P[4] strains. The observations of present study reinforce the potential of rotaviruses to cross the host-species barrier and undergo reassortant to increase genetic diversity which necessitates their continuous surveillance for development and optimization of prevention strategies against zoonotic RVAs.

Complete genome analysis of a rare group A rotavirus, G11P[25], isolated from a child in Mumbai, India, reveals interspecies transmission and reassortment with human rotavirus strains

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 1220-1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushmitha A. Shetty ◽  
Meenakshi Mathur ◽  
Jagadish M. Deshpande
Keyword(s):  
Complete Genome ◽  
Interspecies Transmission ◽  
Genotype Combination ◽  
Human Rotavirus ◽  
Genotype Constellation ◽  
Group A ◽  
Vp6 Gene ◽  
Gene Reassortment ◽  
Complete Genome Analysis ◽  
Rare Group

Hospital-based rotavirus surveillance was carried out in Mumbai during 2005–2009. An isolate (B08299) with a rare genotype combination (G11P[25]) was detected. The present study was undertaken to characterize the complete genome of the isolate. B08299 exhibited a G11–P[25]–I12–R1–C1–M1–A1–N1–T1–E1–H1 genotype constellation. Phylogenetic analysis of the 11 gene segments of B08299 revealed that the VP2 and NSP5 genes of B08299 had a human origin, while the VP6 gene represented an I12 genotype of obscure origin. The remaining six genes formed a lineage distinct from human and porcine rotaviruses within genotype 1. Analysis of the structural and non-structural genes suggested that B08299 has evolved by gene reassortment. Our findings provide further evidence that interspecies transmission is an important mechanism involved in the evolution and genetic diversity of human rotaviruses in nature.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Distribution of Rotavirus Genotypes Among Children With Acute Gastroenteritis in Areas Other Than Java Island, Indonesia, 2016–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rury Mega Wahyuni ◽  
Takako Utsumi ◽  
Zayyin Dinana ◽  
Laura Navika Yamani ◽  
Juniastuti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Direct Sequencing ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Interspecies Transmission ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
West Papua ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
Group A ◽  
Stool Samples

Group A rotaviruses (RVAs) are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis, which is often associated with severe symptoms in children under 5 years old. Genetic reassortments and interspecies transmission commonly occur, resulting in a great diversity of RVA circulating in the world. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and distribution of RVA genotypes among children in Indonesia over the years 2016–2018 across representative areas of the country. Stool samples were collected from 202 pediatric patients with acute gastroenteritis in three regions of Indonesia (West Nusa Tenggara, South Sumatra, and West Papua) in 2016–2018. Rotavirus G and P genotypes were determined by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and direct sequencing analysis. The prevalences of RVA in South Sumatra (55.4%) and West Papua (54.0%) were significantly higher than that in East Java (31.7%) as determined in our previous study. The prevalence in West Nusa Tenggara (42.6%) was the lowest among three regions, but higher than that in East Java. Interestingly, equine-like G3 rotavirus strains were found as predominant strains in South Sumatra in 2016 and in West Papua in 2017–2018. Moreover, the equine-like G3 strains in South Sumatra detected in 2016 were completely replaced by human G1 and G2 in 2018. In conclusion, RVA infection in South Sumatra and West Papua was highly endemic. Equine-like G3 strains were also spread to South Sumatra (West Indonesia) and West Papua (East Indonesia), as well as Java Island. Dynamic change in rotavirus genotypes from equine-like G3 to human genotypes was also observed. Continuous monitoring may be warranted in isolated areas in Indonesia.

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