Studies on Bioaccumulation of Lead and Arsenic in Different Tissues of Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Ali ◽  
Muhammad Zubair Hussain ◽  
Sheikh Muhammad Azam ◽  
Ghulam Mustafa ◽  
Gulnaz Afzal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
Mean Concentration

Heavy metals present in surroundings tend to accumulate into the bodies of animals vide the food chains. This bioaccumulation of toxic heavy metals cause several pathological conditions, thus, imposing serious health hazards to humans and other animals. It has become extremely important to monitor levels of heavy metals for well being of humans. The present study was carried to evaluate the extent of bioaccumulation of two heavy metals in rabbit by measuring their levels in various tissues. The rabbits were divided into control (C) and two experimental groups i.e. T1 (Lead treated) and T2 (Arsenic treated). Experimental groups were orally administered lead and arsenic at concentration of 0.02 mg/L of glucose solution for a period of 28 days. Further, the concentration of above heavy metals was determined in liver, kidney and muscle using atomic absorption spectrometry. Concentration of lead in liver and kidney, while concentration of arsenic in kidney was found to be significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) in treatment groups as compared to the control. Higher mean concentration of lead (35.68±7.36) and arsenic (18.70± 3.456) was detected in kidney in treatment groups. Lower mean concentration of lead (12.43±4.70) and arsenic (7.07±2.45) was determined in muscles in treatment groups. The lead accumulated at significantly higher rate (P ≤ 0.05) compared to arsenic in all three tissues in treatment groups. It is concluded that heavy metals tend to bioaccumulate at relatively higher concentration in tissues involved in metabolic activities i.e. kidney and liver in rabbit.

scholarly journals The protective role of propolis against multi heavy metals-induced oxidative stress-hepato-renal damage in the male of albino rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman Ahmed Bassiouny El-Amawy ◽  
Samir Attia Mohammed Zaahkouk ◽  
Hesham Gamal Abdel Rasheed ◽  
Bassem Elsayed Elaraby Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Propolis Extract ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Abstract The study was designed to clarify the hepato-renal protective effects of propolis extract against heavy metals-induced toxicity via oral administration to the males of albino rats. Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Cadmium (Cd), and Antimony (Sb) are toxic heavy metals have the ability to produce reactive radicals in the biological systems causing public and animals health hazards through disrupting balances between pro-oxidant and antioxidant defense system, resulting in excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The most commonly affected organs are liver and kidney. Propolis is a natural product with different shapes and resinous substance collected by honey bees, it attenuates many diseases damage due to its anti-oxidative action and its potentiality to minimize the deleterious effects of free radicals on tissues. The concentrations of Pb, Cd, Ni and Sb as well as the activities of antioxidants endogenous enzymes including; glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were all determined in the tissues of liver and kidney; while aspartate transaminase (ASAT), alanine transaminase (ALAT), total protein (TP), urea and createnine, were measured in the serum of experimental rats beside histopathologicl examination in the tissues of liver and kidney. The oral administration of propolis provided a significantly therapeutic role against multi-metals-induced hepato-renal toxicity with relative improving to histopathological changes because of its scavenging and chelating properties as concluded from the present investigation.

Spatio-temporal variation level of heavy metals in surface water and sediment in Tagwai Lake, Minna, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-131
Author(s):  
V.I. Chukwuemeka ◽  
E.A. Jimoh ◽  
K.O. Olajide ◽  
Y.I. Auta ◽  
H.S. Auta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Standard Range

The high contamination of aquatic systems with toxic heavy metals is of major concern since the elements are not biodegradable. Heavy metals often get into the water through runoff from farmlands and dumping of effluents from industries into the water bodies. The toxicity of these heavy metals can cause harmful and even lethal effects on the human health. The objective of this study was to investigate the level of Pb, Cu, Mn, and Fe in both surface water and sediment of Tagwai Lake. Atomic Absorption Spectrometry investigation was carried out on the collected and digested water and sediment samples to determine the extent of these heavy metals contamination in the water. The results showed that the average concentration of heavy metals ranked in the following order: Pb>Mn>Cu>Fe with higher concentration in sediment compared to the water. The correspondence of the mean concentrations of heavy metals in water and sediment of the Tagwai Lake with the WHO standard suggests that the mean concentration of Pb, Cu, and Fe lies within the standard range while Mn exceeds the standard range in both the water and sediments. We therefore advocate regular surveillance as a tool for monitoring impacts of anthropogenic activities in the lake to ensure safety of the general populace who depend on it for their livelihood. Keywords: spatio-temporal, heavy metals, sediments, Tagwai Lake

scholarly journals Concentration of some metals in the muscles of fish from selected lakes of Warmia and Mazury region (Poland)

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Spodniewska ◽  
Dariusz Barski
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Fish Muscles ◽  
Tolerable Weekly Intake ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

In view of very scarce and limited information concerning the content of heavy metals in tissues of fish from the lakes in north-eastern Poland, the aim of the study was to determine the content of some heavy metals in the muscle tissue of two fish species: bream (Abramis brama) (n = 60) and pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) (n = 60) caught in selected lakes of Warmia and Mazury region (Poland) in 2010 as well as to asses human health safety. The concentration of lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) in the muscle tissue of bream and pikeperch was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The mean concentration of toxic metals (Pb and Hg) in muscles of bream was 0.07 mg/kg and 0.03 mg/kg, respectively, and 0.10 mg/kg and 0.13 mg/kg in muscles of pikeperch, respectively. The mean concentration of Cu, Fe and Zn found in the muscles of bream was 0.33 mg/kg, 7.27 mg/kg and 6.12 mg/kg in muscles of pikeperch it was 0.21 mg/kg, 5.56 mg/kg and 6.02 mg/kg, respectively. It was found that the content of the analysed metals in fish muscles was low and did not exceed the values of limits admissible in the European Union. At the assumed mean and maximum concentration of Pb and Hg, the values of PTWI (provisional tolerable weekly intake) were not exceeded (i.e. 0.56% PTWI for Pb and 3.01% PTWI for Hg), therefore the consumption of fish originating from selected lakes of Warmia and Mazury does not constitute a threat to consumer health.

scholarly journals Level of selected heavy metals in some commercially available cosmetic products in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-232
Author(s):  
Monica Mbaraka Ndoile
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption

The study was conducted in order to assess heavy metal content in some commercially available cosmetics products that are manufactured in United Kingdom (UK), United States of America (USA), India and the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) and sold in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Face creams, beauty soaps, lipsticks and body lotions from the mentioned countries were purchased from local markets in Dar es Salaam and analytical procedures were employed to determine the contents of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS). The results showed that lipstick samples contained the highest Pb at 23.36 µg/g, Cd at 23.30 µg/g and Cu at 22.91 µg/g. The highest concentrations in the beauty soap samples showed 21.99 µg/g Pb, 0.98 µg/g Cd and 18.8 µg/g Cu. Face cream samples contained the least contents of Pb at 6.52 µg/g, Cd at 0.16 µg/g, and Cu at 3.75 µg/g. In body lotions, no Pb and Cd were detected; in contrast, the contents of Cu was high (up to 1.4 µg/g). The products evaluated contained toxic heavy metals, though, not at an alarming concentration. Further research and analysis on the health risks of these products is proposed and extreme attention must be given to heavy metals during manufacture.

scholarly journals Entry of Heavy Metals into Food Chains: a 20-year Comparison Study in Northern Moravia (Czech Republic)

2008 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Čelechovská ◽  
L. Malota ◽  
S. Zima
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Fallow Deer ◽  
Mercury Contamination ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Cadmium Lead

The aim of the study presented here was to assess cadmium, lead and mercury contamination of wild-living animals and cattle in Northern Moravia (Czech Republic). Samples were collected in 2005–2007 at the same locations as in 1986–1989, in the same season of the year, and they were analyzed using the same methods (AAS ). In 2005–2007, a significant decrease (P < 0.01) in cadmium concentrations in plant fodders was found, while changes in lead and mercury concentrations were less marked, and they depended on the type of commodity. In the 2005–2007 period, a marked decrease (P < 0.01) in cadmium concentrations in the muscle and kidneys of the cattle, fallow deer, roe deer and pheasants (muscle 0.002–0.009 mg kg-1, kidneys 0.11–0.69 mg kg-1) was found. In the same period, mercury concentrations in the muscle, liver and kidneys were significantly lower (P < 0.01) in cattle, roe deer and hare tissues (muscle: 0.6–3.5 μg kg-1, liver 3.3–41.0 μg kg-1, kidney 16.3–43.2 μg kg-1). Lower lead concentrations in the 2005–2007 period were only found in cows (0.04 mg kg-1, 0.1 mg kg-1 and 0.6 mg kg-1 in muscle, liver and kidney samples, respectively). No significant differences in lead concentrations were found in the tissues of other animals. The study demonstrated a reduction in the amounts of heavy metals entering food chains in the study area in recent years.

scholarly journals Estimation the Presence of Heavy Metals and Trace Elements in Indian Herbal Cosmetics by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Krishnasis Chakraborty ◽  
Suraj Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Permissible Limit ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Herbal Cosmetics ◽  
Cu And Zn ◽  
Metals And Trace Elements

Heavy metals are identically Pb, Cd and micronutrients elements like Ca, Mg, Al, Cu and Zn were quantitatively estimated using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS). Similarly, heavy metals such as As and Hg were quantitatively estimated by Hydride Generation Technique i.e. Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrometry method expending nitrogen as carrier gas in 30 herbal cosmetic preparations available in Indian markets. The results designate that among the toxic heavy metals. In the present study, Arsenic was found significantly well below the permissible limit, but Cd was found above the permissible limit in the all samples. Trace elements like Ca and Mg were found in higher amount than compare to Al, Cu, and Zn. Presence of trace elements can corroborate to be beneficial but existence of toxic heavy metals in such amounts certainly has adverse effects on the consumer health who always take the herbal products in an impression of being safe because of the natural origin. In conclusion, execution of strict and isolated regulatory guidelines and promotion of Good Analytical Practice (GAP), Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and Good Agricultural and Control Practices (GACP) is suggested for herbal cosmetics by WHO and other regulatory agencies. This study presents the status of heavy metals and trace elements in marketed herbal cosmetic formulations and provides a simple and convenient AAS method which can effectively be adopted at Industrial level for the quality control and standardization of herbal cosmetic preparations and other related products.  

scholarly journals A comparative analysis of heavy metals present in cigarette and cigarette leachate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Michal ◽  
Anu Maria ◽  
Krishnakumar Velayudhannair ◽  
Xavier Vincent ◽  
Divya K. Radhakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystem ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Cigarette Butts ◽  
Leaching Behaviour ◽  
Local Water ◽  
Living Organisms

Abstract Smoked cigarette and butts are the most common forms of litter globally. The local water bodies and their compartments have been severely polluted by the accumulation of these litters and the cumulative effect of many cigarette butts littered in a centralised area may present a significant threat to the living organisms. It is essential to study the leaching behaviour of cigarettes to understand how the heavy metals are leached out into the aquatic ecosystem. In this context, we determined the concentration of different metals (such as Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, Sn, Zn & Hg) leached from the different brands of unsmoked and smoked cigarette and cigarette butts by using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The results revealed that the amounts of heavy metal are higher in butt samples (USB and SB) of both cigarette and leachate irrespective of brands, compared to the tobacco part of the cigarette and the concentrations of certain toxic heavy metals in cigarettes were significantly different between cigarette brands tested. These results suggest that cigarette litter was found to be one of the major sources of metal contamination in the aquatic ecosystem and apparent leaching may increase the risk of toxicity to aquatic organisms.

Determination and investigation of heavy metal concentrations in sediments of the Persian Gulf coasts and evaluation of their potential environmental risk

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (04) ◽  
pp. 60-71
Author(s):  
Hoda Allami ◽  
Afsaneh Afzali ◽  
Rouhollah Mirzaei
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Coastal Sediments ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
The Persian Gulf

 The contamination of coastal sediments with toxic heavy metals caused to a serious concern due to their environmental consequences. The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of heavy metals such as lead (Pb), copper (Cu), nickel(Ni) and manganese (Mn) in the sediments of the Persian Gulf coast in Kangan and Siraf ports in Bushehr province. In this regard, the sampling was performed in 10 stations with different uses in two depths of 0-5 and 5-20 cm along the coast of the Persian Gulf. The concentration of heavy metals was measured after drying, acid digestion and microwave by using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (F-AAS). The results showed that the average concentrations of Mn(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Pb(II) was measured 121.47, 11.51, 11.59 and 5.30 in surface sediments, and 131.59, 10.81, 12.56 and 4.88 µg g-1 in deep sediments. All analysis validated by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET-AAS).

Ecological Risk of Heavy Metal in Agricultural Soil and Transfer to Rice Grains

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Upoma Mahmud ◽  
Md. Tareq Bin Salam ◽  
Abu Khan ◽  
Md. Mizanur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Extracts

Abstract Higher accumulation of toxic heavy metals in rice grain and agricultural soil may lead to an imbalanced ecosystem. The present study was carried out to assess the risk of different heavy metals nickel, copper, arsenic, lead, and manganese in agricultural soil and transfer status to rice grain. The samples were collected from four agricultural fields at different times in the Dumuria Upazila (sub-district) under Khulna district in Bangladesh. Heavy metal concentration in soil extracts, irrigation water samples, and grain samples was determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). Average metal concentrations were calculated and compared with the reference value in soil. In most of the cases, the existence of heavy metals in agricultural soil was greater than the reference soil which is a rising concern. Overall risk index (RI) stated that the examined soils were at moderate risk of contamination. Transfer factor (TF) of Arsenic (0.037 to 0.115) and Manganese (0.056 to 0.155) from soil to rice grain were higher that is also a matter of concern. On the other hand, TF of Lead (Pb) was found in a very negligible amount which is a good sign. Regular monitoring of heavy metals in agricultural soil should be initiated and the awareness level should be increased to avoid environmental problems.

Determining the Concentration of Some Heavy Metals in Olt River. The Impact of the Heavy Metals from the Waste Waters from Rm. V�lcea Chemical Plant over Natural Emissary River Olt

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Valentin Branescu ◽  
Alexandru Popescu ◽  
Daniela Marinescu
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Waste Waters ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Spectrometry Method ◽  
The Impact

The pollution of water surfaces with heavy metals often has disastrous effects on environment. That is why the determination of heavy metals� concentrations at levels of ppm or ppb is strictly necessary. This paper presents a method for the determination of these components� ( Ni, Cr, Zn, Fe, Cu) distribution on the Olt river course - their impact on the Olt river- as a result of the evacuation of waste water with toxic heavy metals from Rm.Valcea Chemical Platfom. The most toxic heavy metals determined were: Ni, Cr, Zn, Fe, Cu,. The concentration of these metals was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry method (AAS) using an analyzer type A ANALYST 700.

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