Prevalence and molecular characterisation of Cryptosporidium spp. in goat kids

Author(s):  
A. K. Dixit ◽  
Pooja Dixit ◽  
M.L.V. Rao ◽  
Rohita Gupta ◽  
P. C. Shukla

Prevalence and molecular characterisation of Cryptosporidium species was done in kids belonging to organised and non-organised goat farms at Jabalpur. The overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium was 14.63%. The prevalence was non-significantly higher in male kids (16.16%) as compared to that of female kids (13.21%). Age wise prevalence was higher in kids up to one month age (16.13%) than that of kids upto 3 months age (13.99%). No significant difference was found in prevalence among different breeds and in kids kept in farm or field conditions. The prevalence was non-significantly higher in non-diarrhoeic kids than diarrhoeic kids. Most of the infections were of one score (76.6%). Molecular characterisation by PCR-RFLP of 18S SSU rRNA gene revealed presence of Cryptosporidium parvum species in positive faecal samples.

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
Alparslan Yildirim ◽  
Ferda Sevinc ◽  
Zuhal Onder ◽  
Onder Duzlu ◽  
Ozlem Derinbay Ekici ◽  
...  

Abstract The aim of this study was to compare three diagnostic methods for the diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis and to detect subtypes ofCryptosporidium parvum by sequences analyses of gp60 gene in diarrheic calves in several herds in Konya province located in Central Anatolia Region of Turkey. Fecal samples were collected from a total of 194 pre-weaned calves (n=158, ≤15 days old, and n=36, 15 to 40 days old), with diarrhoea. For comparative diagnosis, all samples were examined by modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining of fecal smears for the presence of oocyst, nested PCR-RFLP of SSU rRNA and TaqMan qPCR for the detection of Cryptosporidium DNA. A total of 92 (47.4%) and 104 (53.6%) out of the examined samples were found positive by microscopic examination and molecular tools, respectively. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of microscopic identification were determined as 88.5% and 100.0%, respectively compared to molecular assays. Cryptosporidium parvum was the only detected species in all positive samples by species-specific qPCR and nested PCR-RFLP assays. Species identifications were further confirmed by sequence analyses of the SSU rRNA PCR products. There was no statistically significant difference in C. parvum prevalence between early pre-weaned calves and calves older than 15 days. The sequence analyses of the gp60 gene of C. parvum isolates revealed a one subtype IIaA13G2R1 belonging to zoonotic family IIa in diarrheic calves


2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 205511691773071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoichi Ito ◽  
Naoyuki Itoh ◽  
Yuko Iijima ◽  
Yuya Kimura

Objectives To address the lack of up-to-date published data, the present study evaluates the PCR-based prevalence of Cryptosporidium species infection and molecular characteristics of isolates among household cats and pet shop kittens in Japan. Methods A total of 357 and 329 fresh faecal samples were collected from household cats and pet shop kittens, respectively, with or without clinical signs of infection. A nested PCR assay targeting the 18S rRNA gene was employed for the detection of Cryptosporidium species. After specific DNA fragments (approximately 826 base pairs) were confirmed, the amplicons were sequenced to determine species. Results Seven (2.0%) household cats and one (0.3%) pet shop kitten tested positive for the presence of Cryptosporidium species. In household cats, there was a significant difference in prevalence between cats aged <1 year (4.6%) and those aged ⩾1 year (0.4%). No significantly different prevalence was observed with regard to faecal condition in either household cats or pet shop kittens. A total of eight Cryptosporidium species isolates, seven from household cats and one from a pet shop kitten, were identified as Cryptosporidium felis. Conclusions and relevance The present study demonstrates the risk of zoonotic transmission of Cryptosporidium species from household cats and pet shop kittens to humans is low in Japan.


Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 814
Author(s):  
Münir Aktaş ◽  
Sezayi Özübek ◽  
Mehmet Can Uluçeşme

Anaplasma phagocytophilum causes tick-borne fever in small ruminants. Recently, novel Anaplasma variants related to A. phagocytophilum have been reported in ruminants from Tunisia, Italy, South Korea, Japan, and China. Based on 16S rRNA and groEL genes and sequencing, we screened the frequency of A. phagocytophilum and related variants in 433 apparently healthy small ruminants in Turkey. Anaplasma spp. overall infection rates were 27.9% (121/433 analyzed samples). The frequency of A. phagocytophilum and A. phagocytophilum-like 1 infections was 1.4% and 26.5%, respectively. No A. phagocytophilum-like 2 was detected in the tested animals. The prevalence of Anaplasma spp. was comparable in species, and no significant difference was detected between sheep and goats, whereas the prevalence significantly increased with tick infestation. Sequencing confirmed PCR-RFLP data and showed the presence of A. phagocytophilum and A. phagocytophilum-like-1 variant in the sampled animals. Phylogeny-based on 16S rRNA gene revealed the A. phagocytophilum-like 1 in a separate clade together with the previous isolates detected in small ruminants and ticks. In this work, A. phagocytophilum-like 1 has been detected for the first time in sheep and goats from Turkey. This finding revealed that the variant should be considered in the diagnosis of caprine and ovine anaplasmosis.


Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 452
Author(s):  
Augusto Messa, Jr. ◽  
Pamela C. Köster ◽  
Marcelino Garrine ◽  
Tacilta Nhampossa ◽  
Sérgio Massora ◽  
...  

Cryptosporidium is a leading cause of childhood diarrhoea and associated physical and cognitive impairment in low-resource settings. Cryptosporidium-positive faecal samples (n = 190) from children aged ≤ 5 years enrolled in the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) in Mozambique detected by ELISA (11.5%, 430/3754) were successfully PCR-amplified and sequenced at the gp60 or ssu rRNA loci for species determination and genotyping. Three Cryptosporidium species including C. hominis (72.6%, 138/190), C. parvum (22.6%, 43/190), and C. meleagridis (4.2%, 8/190) were detected. Children ≤ 23 months were more exposed to Cryptosporidium spp. infections than older children. Both C. hominis and C. parvum were more prevalent among children with diarrhoeal disease compared to those children without it (47.6% vs. 33.3%, p = 0.007 and 23.7% vs. 11.8%, p = 0.014, respectively). A high intra-species genetic variability was observed within C. hominis (subtype families Ia, Ib, Id, Ie, and If) and C. parvum (subtype families IIb, IIc, IIe, and IIi) but not within C. meleagridis (subtype family IIIb). No association between Cryptosporidium species/genotypes and child’s age was demonstrated. The predominance of C. hominis and C. parvum IIc suggests that most of the Cryptosporidium infections were anthroponotically transmitted, although zoonotic transmission events also occurred at an unknown rate. The role of livestock, poultry, and other domestic animal species as sources of environmental contamination and human cryptosporidiosis should be investigated in further molecular epidemiological studies in Mozambique.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 813
Author(s):  
Jana Ježková ◽  
Zlata Limpouchová ◽  
Jitka Prediger ◽  
Nikola Holubová ◽  
Bohumil Sak ◽  
...  

Cryptosporidium spp., common parasites of vertebrates, remain poorly studied in wildlife. This study describes the novel Cryptosporidium species adapted to nutrias (Myocastor coypus). A total of 150 faecal samples of feral nutria were collected from locations in the Czech Republic and Slovakia and examined for Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts and specific DNA at the SSU, actin, HSP70, and gp60 loci. Molecular analyses revealed the presence of C. parvum (n = 1), C. ubiquitum subtype family XIId (n = 5) and Cryptosporidium myocastoris n. sp. XXIIa (n = 2), and XXIIb (n = 3). Only nutrias positive for C. myocastoris shed microscopically detectable oocysts, which measured 4.8–5.2 × 4.7–5.0 µm, and oocysts were infectious for experimentally infected nutrias with a prepatent period of 5–6 days, although not for mice, gerbils, or chickens. The infection was localised in jejunum and ileum without observable macroscopic changes. The microvilli adjacent to attached stages responded by elongating. Clinical signs were not observed in naturally or experimentally infected nutrias. Phylogenetic analyses at SSU, actin, and HSP70 loci demonstrated that C. myocastoris n. sp. is distinct from other valid Cryptosporidium species.


Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 946
Author(s):  
Yangwenna Cao ◽  
Zhaohui Cui ◽  
Qiang Zhou ◽  
Bo Jing ◽  
Chunyan Xu ◽  
...  

Cryptosporidium species are ubiquitous enteric protozoan pathogens of vertebrates distributed worldwide. The purpose of this study was to gain insight into the zoonotic potential and genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium spp. in Bactrian camels in Xinjiang, northwestern China. A total of 476 fecal samples were collected from 16 collection sites in Xinjiang and screened for Cryptosporidium by PCR. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium was 7.6% (36/476). Six Cryptosporidium species, C. andersoni (n = 24), C. parvum (n = 6), C. occultus (n = 2), C. ubiquitum (n = 2), C. hominis (n = 1), and C. bovis (n = 1), were identified based on sequence analysis of the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene. Sequence analysis of the gp60 gene identified six C. parvum isolates as subtypes, such as If-like-A15G2 (n = 5) and IIdA15G1 (n = 1), two C. ubiquitum isolates, such as subtype XIIa (n = 2), and one C. hominis isolate, such as Ixias IkA19G1 (n = 1). This is the first report of C. parvum, C. hominis, C. ubiquitum, and C. occultus in Bactrian camels in China. These results indicated that the Bactrian camel may be an important reservoir for zoonotic Cryptosporidium spp. and these infections may be a public health threat in this region.


2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Molinari Candeias ◽  
Karim Cristhine Pase Montagnini ◽  
Liliane Aparecida Oliveira De Paula ◽  
Ana Julia Dal Curtivo Back ◽  
Fransael Franklyn Araújo Da Silva ◽  
...  

A diarreia neonatal bovina é uma doença de origem multifatorial e entre os agentes envolvidos está o Cryptosporidium parvum, que ganha destaque por ser o principal protozoário responsável por ocasionar diarreia em bezerros neonatos e possuir elevado potencial zoonótico. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo, descrever um caso de infecção natural por C. parvum em um bovino diagnosticado no Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária (LPV) e no Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias dos Animais (DOPA) da Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) – Setor Palotina. Foi atendido no Hospital Veterinário da UFPR, um bovino, fêmea, Girolando, com 10 dias de vida, e conforme o histórico, o animal foi adquirido de outra propriedade que realizava a colostragem de forma inadequada, e desde a aquisição, o animal começou a apresentar manifestações clínicas como prostração e diarreia amarelada e fétida. Realizou-se tratamento, porém sem sucesso, e o animal foi a óbito, sendo encaminhado para o LPV para a autópsia. No exame macroscópico, observou-se baixo escore corporal com discreta deposição de tecido adiposo em subcutâneo e mesentério, a mucosa oral e ocular estavam levemente pálidas e no intestino, notou-se leve distensão por conteúdo gasoso e áreas multifocais com leve quantidade de conteúdo avermelhado líquido, por vezes, amarelado e fétido. Na análise histopatológica, notou-se nos no ápice das vilosidades, a presença leve de estruturas multifocais, arredondadas, eosinofílicas, medindo entre 1 a 2µm, compatíveis com Cryptosporidium spp. Parte do conteúdo fecal foi remetido ao DOPA, onde realizou-se a análise microscópica e molecular. Para a análise microscópica, foi confeccionado esfregaço fecal com o conteúdo resultante da centrifugo sedimentação, posteriormente, corado pelo método de Ziehl-Neelsen modificado (ORTOLANI, 2000). A análise confirmou a identificação de oocistos de Cryptosporidium spp. Após a análise microscópica a amostra foi submetida a clarificação, extração de DNA e nested-PCR (nPCR) (XIAO et al. 1999). Para a realização da PCR (Reação em Cadeia pela Polimerase) e nPCR, uma alíquota da amostra foi utilizada para a extração de DNA utilizando o Kit ChargeSwitch® gDNA Mini Tissue (Invitrogen). A região 18 SSU rRNA foi selecionada como sequência alvo para amplificação de DNA, sendo que, o amplicon esperado era de 826-864pb. A reação foi realizada com o volume final de 25μL e o produto amplificado foi submetido à eletroforese em gel de agarose a 1,6%. Com o intuito de identificar a espécie envolvida na infecção, após a amostra apresentar resultado positivo na técnica de nPCR, esta foi encaminhada para o sequenciamento e, após a análise da sequência de dados obtida, foi determinado que Cryptosporidium parvum era a espécie envolvida neste caso. Desta forma, o monitoramento dos animais para a obtenção do diagnóstico precoce é de suma importância para evitar as possíveis perdas na produção animal e gerenciar o risco da transmissão para seres humanos.


Author(s):  
Si-Yang Huang ◽  
Yi-Min Fan ◽  
Yi Yang ◽  
Yi-Jun Ren ◽  
Jing-Zhi Gong ◽  
...  

Abstract Cryptosporidium is a zoonotic parasite that causes diarrhea in a broad range of animals, including deer. Little is known about the prevalence and genotype of Cryptosporidium spp. in Père David’s deer. In this study, 137 fecal samples from Père David’s deer were collected between July 2017 and August 2018 in the Dafeng Reserve and analyzed for Cryptosporidium spp. by nested-PCR based on the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene, followed by sequence analyses to determine the species. The 60 kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene was used to characterize Cryptosporidium spp. Among 137 samples, 2 (1.46%) were positive for Cryptosporidium spp. according to SSU rRNA gene sequencing results. Both samples belonged to the Cryptosporidium deer genotype, with two nucleotide deletions and one nucleotide substitution. The prevalence data and molecular characterization of this study provide basic knowledge for controlling and preventing Cryptosporidium infections in Père David’s deer in this area.


2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 703-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Leoni ◽  
C. Amar ◽  
G. Nichols ◽  
S. Pedraza-Díaz ◽  
J. McLauchlin

The characterization of Cryptosporidium using DNA extracted from whole faecal samples collected from 2414 humans with diarrhoea in England between 1985 and 2000 where cryptosporidial oocysts were detected using conventional methods is described. Characterization was achieved by PCR/RFLP and DNA sequencing of fragments of the Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein and the 18S rDNA genes. Cryptosporidium parvum was detected in 56.1 % of cases, Cryptosporidium hominis in 41.7 % and a mixture of C. parvum and C. hominis in 0.9 %. In the remainder of cases, Cryptosporidium meleagridis (0.9 %), Cryptosporidium felis (0.2 %), Cryptosporidium andersoni (0.1 %), Cryptosporidium canis (0.04 %), Cryptosporidium suis (0.04 %) and the Cryptosporidium cervine type (0.04 %) were detected.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document