Pathological Studies of Mecistocirrus digitatus Infection in Naturally Infested Mithun and Phere (Cross Bred of Mithun)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
J K Chamuah ◽  
Amenti . ◽  
D Borkotoky
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Acinar Cells ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Cell ◽  
Bronchial Wall ◽  
Tissue Proliferation ◽  
Alveolar Septa ◽  
Normal Architecture

In histopathological study, Lung was emphysematous, showed pronounced interstitial pneumonia followed by severe thickening of alveolar septa and bronchial wall, haemorrhages with connective tissue proliferation and infiltration of leucocytes around the bronchial wall. Bulla formation was also evident in some places. Liver showed mild haemorrhages of hepatocytes and congestion in sinusoidal space. In abomasum, adult parasites were embedded in mucousa and sectioning of adult parasites were seen with full of eggs. In large intestine, there was necrosis and degeneration of colonic villi and lost of normal architecture. There was also evidence of hyperactivity of acinar cells, fibrous tissue proliferation with polymorphonuclear cell infiltration. An apical tip shows degenerative changes, adhesion with mild fibrous tissue proliferation. In small intestine, there was congestion, oedema with thickening of sub mucousa as well as erosion of intestinal villi in certain areas, adhesion and fibrous tissue proliferation. In spleen, there was depletion of spleenic venule, congestion of spleenic pulp, haemorrhages surrounding the spleenic venule.

scholarly journals Chronic interstitial pneumonia with features of organizing pneumonia in an adult horse

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-625
Author(s):  
Miguel F. Carrillo ◽  
Deborah Kemper ◽  
Leslie W. Woods ◽  
Francisco R. Carvallo
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Interstitial Pneumonia ◽  
Bacterial Pneumonia ◽  
Organizing Pneumonia ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Nodular Pattern ◽  
Quarter Horse ◽  
History Of ◽  
Alveolar Septa ◽  
Formalin Fixed

A 22-y-old American Quarter Horse gelding was presented with a history of chronic progressive respiratory problems and a diffuse pulmonary nodular pattern in thoracic radiographs. The horse was euthanized, and 4 formalin-fixed samples of lung were submitted for histopathology. There were multifocal areas of marked thickening of alveolar septa as a result of proliferation of myofibroblasts embedded in fibromyxoid matrix (interpreted as “Masson bodies”), focal areas of fibrosis, and numerous papillary projections of connective tissue into bronchioles. A diagnosis of organizing pneumonia was reached. No etiology was found for this lesion. It is important to consider causes of chronic interstitial pneumonia with fibrosis in horses other than equid herpesvirus 5, such as complicated viral or bacterial pneumonia or chronic toxicoses.

GENERALIZED MAST CELL DISEASE AND URTICARIA PIGMENTOSA

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1023-1032
Author(s):  
Thomas L. Rider ◽  
Arthur A. Stein ◽  
John W. Abbuhl
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Urticaria Pigmentosa ◽  
Cell Infiltration ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Tissue Proliferation ◽  
Bone Changes ◽  
Mast Cell Disease

The case which is presented and review of the literature indicate that urticaria pigmentosa may be accompanied by mast cell infiltration of many tissues and viscera. No definite conclusions may be drawn regarding etiology, incidence, or prognosis of this disorder. The evidence indicates that both local and generalized symptoms occur which are principally related to the pathophysiologic changes resulting from mast cell activity, i.e., fibrous tissue proliferation, hyperemia and edema. In the case reported herein there was no histologic evidence of fibrous tissue increase but it is postulated that the hepatosplenomegaly and the bone changes in roentgenograms may be in part due to such changes. The dermatographism, skin flushing, salivary gland swelling and gastrointestinal symptoms are probably due to the physiologic action of mast cell products, i.e., histamine and serotonin. The diagnosis of generalized mast cell disease can be made in a patient who presents a chronic maculopapular skin rash, dermatographism, hepatosplenomegaly and mast cell infiltration of the bone marrow. Demonstration of mast cell infiltration in the skin and other tissues is confirmatory but not necessary.

Lengths and topology of alveolar septal borders

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 1930-1940 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Oldmixon ◽  
J. P. Butler ◽  
F. G. Hoppin
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
And Topology ◽  
Section Area ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Alveolar Duct ◽  
Mechanical Linkage ◽  
Alveolar Septa ◽  
Alveolar Parenchyma

To clarify the mechanics of alveolar parenchyma, we undertook a stereological and topological study in perfusion-fixed canine lungs of the borders of alveolar septa. We defined the principal borders as those along which one septum 1) joins two others (J), 2) joins one other at a distinct angle (B), or 3) joins no other structure (E). E and B borders are invariably reinforced with heavy connective tissue cables; J borders are not. Relative net lengths, determined from the number of traces per section area, were J, 45%; E, 19%; and B, 25%. These were remarkably constant over 10 canine lobes (5 animals, 4 volumes). Parenchyma, then, departs from the simple models that comprise only Js and Es. Bs are important; their net length exceeds that of Es. With lobe deflation, E shortened somewhat more than required to maintain geometric similarity, suggesting that the alveolar duct contracted disproportionately. A three-dimensional reconstruction was made from serial sections, and individual border segments were followed through the reconstruction. Typical lengths of individual J, B, and E borders were nearly equal. To characterize how the network of borders were interconnected, we counted the nodes at which they meet by class, e.g., EBE for the meeting of one B, two Es. The most common are JJJJ, 26%; EEEJ, 10%; EBJ, 24%; EBE, 8%; BBJJ, 12%. If parenchyma were constructed only from free-standing entrance rings and septal junctions, only JJJJ and EEEJ would be anticipated. The presence of EBJ, EBE, and BBJJ underscores parenchymal complexity. Only 7% of septa examined were bordered entirely by Js. Connective tissue cables were not confined to the alveolar duct's lumen but often extended to the primary septa at the periphery of the ductal unit. They rarely linked adjacent alveolar ducts; only 1 in 200 cable segments crossed from one duct to another. These observations support the concept that the parenchyma is an elastic network, characterized in part by a serial mechanical linkage from connective tissue cable to septal membrane to cable again.

scholarly journals Transgenic expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in pancreatic acinar cells induces chronic pancreatitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 316 (1) ◽  
pp. G179-G186
Author(s):  
Haojie Huang ◽  
Jiaxiang Chen ◽  
Lisi Peng ◽  
Yao Yao ◽  
Defeng Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pancreatitis ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Acinar Cells ◽  
Cyclooxygenase 2 ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Pancreatic Stellate Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Acinar Cells ◽  
Transgenic Expression ◽  
Cox 2

Replacement of the exocrine parenchyma by fibrous tissue is a main characteristic of chronic pancreatitis. Understanding the mechanisms of pancreatic fibrogenesis is critical for the development of preventive and therapeutic interventions. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a rate-limiting enzyme for prostaglandin synthesis, is expressed in patients with chronic pancreatitis. However, it is unknown whether COX-2 can cause chronic pancreatitis. To investigate the roles of pancreatic acinar COX-2 in fibrogenesis and the development of chronic pancreatitis, COX-2 was ectopically expressed specifically in pancreatic acinar cells in transgenic mice. Histopathological changes and expression levels of several profibrogenic factors related to chronic pancreatitis were evaluated. COX-2 was expressed in the pancreas of the transgenic mice, as detected by Western blot analysis. Immunohistochemical staining showed COX-2 was specifically expressed in pancreatic acinar cells. COX-2 expression led to progressive changes in the pancreas, including pancreas megaly, persistent inflammation, collagen deposition, and acinar-to-ductal metaplasia. Quantitative RT-PCR and immunostaining showed that profibrogenic factors were upregulated and pancreatic stellate cells were activated in the COX-2 transgenic mice. Expression of COX-2 in pancreatic acinar cells is sufficient to induce chronic pancreatitis. Targeting this pathway may be valuable in the prevention of chronic pancreatitis. NEW & NOTEWORTHY COX-2 expression is observed in pancreatic tissues of human chronic pancreatitis. In this study, we showed that COX-2 expression caused the development of chronic pancreatitis in transgenic mice, supporting the idea that COX-2 inhibition may be an effective preventive and therapeutic strategy.

scholarly journals The neuroma-like structure of the long-time severed and isolated nerve stumps

1965 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eros Abrantes Erhart ◽  
Cecil J. Rezze
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Nerve Fibres ◽  
Present Complex ◽  
Proximal Stump ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Distal Nerve

The long-time severed and isolated intermediate and distal nerve segments, maintained undisturbed in their connective tissue bed, completely separated from each other and from the proximal stump, are repopulated by nerve-fibres which origin is still unknown. The extremities of such nerve segments present complex nervous nodules capped by fibrous tissue, neuroma-like structures.

scholarly journals THE ORIGIN AND STRUCTURE OF A FIBROUS TISSUE WHICH APPEARS IN LIVING CULTURES OF ADULT FROG TISSUES

1915 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 455-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
George A. Baitsell
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Isolated Cells ◽  
Plasma Clot ◽  
True Nature ◽  
Adult Frog ◽  
Hanging Drop Method ◽  
Living Tissues

In living cultures of various kinds of adult frog tissues, which have been made according to the hanging drop method, there occurs, in many cases, a transformation of the plasma clot by which it becomes entirely changed from a typical fibrin net both in appearance and structure. The changes in the fibrin net generally begin when the culture is from two to three days old. During these changes it appears that the elements of the fibrin net fuse or consolidate, and as a result a great number of fine wavy fibrils are formed which unite to form wavy bundles of fibers, and these freely intertwine and anastomose as they ramify through the area of the plasma clot. The transformation of the fibrin net occurs first in the region of the clot which lies next to the imbedded tissue, gradually extends to the distal regions of the clot, and in time—as a rule in about two weeks—the entire plasma clot becomes changed from the fibrin net into a structure which to all appearances is identical with regular connective tissue. Photographs of both living and preserved cultures have been made to show the course of the transformation of the plasma clot and the development of the fibers. Experiments have been made which show that the fibers which are formed are not outgrowths of the imbedded tissue. Also they are not formed by an intracellular action, but arise directly by a transformation of the fibrin elements of the plasma clot. Experiments have been made which indicate that the transformation of the fibrin net will not occur unless it has come under the influence of living tissues or of living isolated cells. However, mechanical means, such as exerting tension on the clot with needles, may hasten the formation of the fibers. Also, in some cultures, movements of living isolated cells appear to aid in the formation of the fibers. The living tissues alone, however, are able to cause the fibers to form without the aid of any apparent mechanical factor. This is shown by cultures of various tissues in which no cell movement occurs and in which the plasma clot is undisturbed and yet a prolific formation of fibers may take place. Experiments have been made in order to determine the true nature of the transformed plasma clot and to see if the new fibrous tissue were still fibrin in character. The results that have so far been obtained from these tests have not been entirely conclusive and leave the question unsettled. The transformation of the fibrin net results in a shrinkage of the clot. It also becomes very tough and resistant to injury and, therefore, entirely different from the fragile and easily destroyed fibrin net when in its original condition. It is believed that such a reaction must play an important part in wound healing. A study of the relation between connective tissue fibers formed in wound healing and in embryonic development to the fibers formed in the plasma clot is being made, and the results will appear in a later paper.

Trichloroethylene induces pulmonary fibrosis in mice

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Forkert ◽  
L. Forkert
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Interstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Collagen Deposition ◽  
Clara Cells ◽  
Elastic Recoil ◽  
Acute Dose ◽  
Lung Structure ◽  
Alveolar Septa

Trichloroethylene elicits acute pulmonary cytotoxicity in mice, which involves Clara cells of bronchioles. In this study, we have examined the effects of an acute dose of trichloroethylene in lungs of mice over 3 months. Pulmonary fibrosis was first detected at 15 days and was progressive with time elapsed after trichloroethylene exposure. Diffuse interstitial fibrosis was observed in the alveolar zone, resulting in thickening of alveolar septa and distortion of lung structure. The fibrosis was most pronounced at 90 days after treatment, resulting in deposition of connective tissue in the alveolar septa. Levels of total lung hydroxyproline were not significantly different in control and treated mice at 30 and 60 days after trichloroethylene treatment, but were significantly increased at 90 days. Proline content remained unchanged during the course of this study. The increase in collagen deposition at 90 days coincided with a signficant increase in lung elastic recoil. Our results show that a single acute dose of trichloroethylene causes structural and functional abnormalities that are progressive for at least 3 months.Key words: trichloroethylene, lung, interstitial fibrosis.

Fibroblasts and Phagocytic Cells in Phenytoin-induced Connective Tissue Proliferation

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 113-120
Author(s):  
Rosaiah Kanaparthy ◽  
Aruna Kanaparthy ◽  
Kamala Devi
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
Tissue Proliferation

scholarly journals Cathaemasia hians infection in Black stork in Slovakia: morphological and histopathological study

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 316-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Königová ◽  
G. Hrčková ◽  
L. Molnár ◽  
P. Major ◽  
M. Várady
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Black Stork

SummaryCathaemasia hians is an obligate trematode parasite of Black storks that are on the List of protected birds in Europe. In the present study, adult trematodes were isolated from the Black stork post mortem and morphological study revealed C. hians species. In total, 10 worms were found in the oesophagus and the ventriculus of the bird. Histopathological examination of the tissue samples of oesophagus, proventriculus and ventriculus was performed on paraffin sections using a set of staining procedures. The sporadic lesions were seen in the tela submucosa of oesophagus containing connective tissue mast cells, eosinophils and heterophils and some foci were surrounded by the fibrous tissue. In addition, a few inflammatory nodules had larval-like material inside, probably being of the same species. There were no visible morphological alterations in the epithelial layer of lamina propria mucosae of proventriculus, rich in goblet cells as well as in the tela submucosa. Majority of trematodes were localized in the ventriculus, where the lamina propria mucosae was damaged or disrupted sporadically. In these sites, in the tela submucosa, a various food-originated inorganic/organic material and eggs of C. hians were deposited, stimulating a weak inflammatory response. Nodules containing larvae were not observed in any of ventriculus tissue layers. This study demonstrated, for the first time, infection with adults of C. hians trematode in the Black stork nesting in Slovakia. The presence of larvae and eggs in the tissues of the upper gastrointestinal tract of bird was associated with mild inflammatory response but feeding behaviour of adult worms in the ventriculus probably contributed to the enhanced susceptibility of the lamina propria mucosae to mechanical damage by inorganic material. Although larval stages have not yet been documented in the intermediate hosts in Slovakia, our report indicates that the life cycle of C. hians might occur in Central Europe.

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