Seroprevalence and Dermatopathology of Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis Infestation in Pigs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasenjit Debnath ◽  
Kalyan Sarma ◽  
Rahul Singh Arya ◽  
Chethan G E ◽  
Basanta Saikia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Sarcoptic Mange ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Large White ◽  
Wild Pigs ◽  
Common Causes

Skin diseases can have an adverse impact on the production in a swine herd by causing decrease in growth rate and feed efficiency. Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis is one of the most common causes of mange in domestic and wild pigs. Keeping this point in view, a study on seroprevalence and dermatopathology of Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis infestation in the pig population of Tripura has been undertaken. The presence of anti Sarcoptes antibodies (Immunoglobulin G) was detected by commercially available kit. In the present study, 189 pigs (11.81%) were found to be seropositive against Sarcoptes scabiei infestation out of 1600 screened pigs. Thirty one pigs out of 189 were found to be clinically positive and confirmed by microscopic examination. Examination of the skin scraping revealed various developmental stages viz., egg, larva, protonymph and adult of Sarcoptes mite. Occurrence of sarcoptic mange was found to be highest in young age group (67.72%, 128/189), male pigs (56.08%, 106/189) and Large White Yorkshire breed (47.08%). The highest and lowest occurrence of sarcoptic mange was noticed in winter (41.27%) and monsoon (7.94%) season, respectively. Clinical lesions were distributed most commonly in ear pinna (87.10%, 27/31) region. The presence of anti Sarcoptes antibodies was found to be highest in pigs having severe generalized skin lesions (70.0%). Histopathology of skin biopsy revealed a tunnel like ulcerated lesion in the skin with severe inflammatory cell infiltration in the core. The present study shows the high seroprevalence of Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis in pigs in Tripura state and recommends for proper control measures. However, epidemiological studies involving larger population are required for comprehensive results.

scholarly journals Mange skin diseases in dogs and cats in Jataí, Brazil: A retrospective study with notes on zoonotic aspects

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e10610111417
Author(s):  
Thâmara Rossi Martins da Silva ◽  
Micael Siegert Schimmunech ◽  
Priscilla Juliane Kirchhoff Pott ◽  
Ana Vitória Alves-Sobrinho ◽  
Priscila Gomes de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Mite Control ◽  
Health Studies ◽  
Notoedres Cati ◽  
Veterinary Hospital ◽  
Otodectes Cynotis

The parasitic skin diseases, specifically mange diseases, are highly relevant in the animal health studies, due to a significant number of cases in the veterinary routine, beyond the importance in public health, due to zoonotic potential. Therefore, this study aimed report the occurrence of mange skin diseases with notes in the zoonotic potential from Jataí, Goiás, by an retrospective survey of mange cases diagnosed in dogs and cats treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Jataí. A total of 612 reports of parasitological tests, comprising cerumen swabs and skin scraping, were analyzed from January 2016 to December 2019. The most common causative mite in dogs was Demodex canis (10.94%), followed by Otodectes cynotis (2.92%), and Sarcoptes scabiei (2.54%). The most common causative mite in cats was Notoedres cati (20%), followed by O. cynotis (10%). These skin diseases are characterized as being highly contagious; therefore, these can be easily transmitted among animals and even humans. In addition, intense itching and skin lesions lead to discomfort, consequently causing stress to the animals. Thus, mite control as well as prompt diagnosis and treatment are relevant to manage these skin diseases and ensure animal welfare.

scholarly journals Clinical, Parasitological, and Serological Follow-Up of Dogs with Sarcoptic Mange Treated Orally with Lotilaner

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
F. Moog ◽  
J. Brun ◽  
P. Bourdeau ◽  
M. C. Cadiergues
Keyword(s):  
Case Series ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Sarcoptic Mange ◽  
Storage Mites ◽  
Therapeutic Measure ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Saint Bernard

Canine sarcoptic mange is a highly pruritic and contagious skin disease caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis. This case series describes the clinical, parasitological, and serological follow-up of a cohort of eight adult Saint Bernard dogs with confirmed sarcoptic mange, treated orally with lotilaner. Dogs were evaluated initially and after 14 days and 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 12 months for skin lesions, pruritus severity, presence of parasites, and Sarcoptes-IgG levels. A serological indoor allergy panel (IgE) was obtained for seven dogs at day 0 and repeated 12 months later in five dogs to assess potential cross-reactivity between S. scabiei and environmental allergens. Lotilaner was administered to each dog according to the manufacturer’s instructions and was repeated after one and two months without any concurrent therapeutic measure or modification of the husbandry conditions. Pruritus ceased after two weeks. The cutaneous score was reduced by 47%, and skin scrapings were negative for all but three animals. All skin scrapings were negative after one month. Lesions were absent after two months. Serological levels decreased gradually, but more slowly than the skin lesions, and two dogs out of six remained positive in the absence of skin lesions or symptoms. All dogs initially tested positive for dust mites and/or storage mites. The IgE titres remained unchanged 12 months later in the five tested dogs. This case report demonstrates the efficacy of lotilaner on scabies in a cohort of infested dogs under natural conditions and the potential antigenic cross-reaction of S. scabiei with house dust and storage mites.

scholarly journals SEVERE FORM OF GENERALIZED SARCOPTIC MANGE WITH SECONDARY PIOTRAUMATIC FOLLICULITIS IN DOGS: DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS AND EPIZOOTIOLOGICAL APPROACH

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejan VUJANIĆ́ ◽  
Oliver STEVANOVIĆ́ ◽  
Miljan DOBRIJEVIĆ́ ◽  
Igor TRBOJEVIĆ́ ◽  
Željko SLADOJEVIĆ́ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Sarcoptic Mange ◽  
Everyday Practice ◽  
Basic Therapy ◽  
Stray Dog ◽  
Secondary Complication

This paper describes a case of generalized sarcoptic mange (Sarcoptes scabiei) in a stray dog found in the Kotor Varoš Municipality. Clinical and dermatological examinations revealed the suspicion of Sarcoptic mange in the dog, which was confirmed by the finding of eggs and adult forms of Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis. As a secondary complication of mange, the presence of staphylococcal pyotraumatic folliculitis was determined. Hematological examination revealed anemia and leukocytosis. In basic therapy, 0.4 mg/kg of ivermectin was administered parenterally, with cephalexin administered orally at a dose of 40 mg/kg every 12 hours. The therapy lasted 30 days. Control examinations did not reveal parasitic elements in the scraped surface layer of the skin. In the discussion of this paper, the epizootiological characteristics of the disease and the list of dog`s skin diseases, that should be distinguished from sarcoptic mange in everyday practice, are presented.

scholarly journals First report of interspecific transmission of sarcoptic mange from Iberian ibex to wild boar

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Valldeperes ◽  
Barbara Moroni ◽  
Luca Rossi ◽  
Jorge Ramón López-Olvera ◽  
Roser Velarde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltrate ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Sarcoptic Mange ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Capra Pyrenaica ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Chain Reactions

Abstract Background Sarcoptic mange is a globally distributed parasitic disease caused by the burrowing mite Sarcoptes scabiei. This mite has a certain degree of host specificity, although interspecific transmission can occur among phylogenetically related species or through prey–predator mediated exposure. In 2018, a wild boar (Sus scrofa) with lesions compatible with sarcoptic mange was hunted in Ports de Tortosa i Beseit Natural Park (PTB, north-eastern Spain), where an active epizootic outbreak of sarcoptic mange is affecting Iberian ibexes (Capra pyrenaica) since 2014. Methods A complete necropsy, skin scrapings and skin digestions with hydroxide potassium were performed to confirm the diagnosis. Routine histopathological analysis, toluidine blue staining and immunohistochemistry were used to characterize the lesions and the inflammatory infiltrate. Finally, 10 specific S. scabiei microsatellites were molecularly genotyped through polymerase chain reactions in mites obtained from the affected wild boar. For phylogenetic comparison, mites obtained from sympatric Iberian ibexes and allopatric wild boars and Iberian ibexes from southern Spain were analysed. Results Sarcoptes scabiei was visually and molecularly identified in the infested wild boar from PTB, causing skin lesions with dermal inflammatory infiltrate rich in T and B cells, which indicate an adaptive immune response. Three S. scabiei genetic clusters were identified: one included mites from southern Iberian ibexes, another included mites from southern wild boars, and a third one distinctively grouped the wild boar from PTB with the sympatric ibexes. Conclusions To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported case of sarcoptic mange in wild boar in Spain and the first documented case of S. scabiei cross-transmission from a wild ruminant host to a wild boar. The wild boar presented an ordinary scabies type reaction, which is typical of the self-limiting infestations reported in other cases of interspecific transmission. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Efficacy of orally and topically administered fluralaner (Bravecto®) for treatment of client-owned dogs with sarcoptic mange under field conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Chiummo ◽  
Ivo Petersen ◽  
Claudia Plehn ◽  
Eva Zschiesche ◽  
Rainer Roepke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Sarcoptic Mange ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Single Treatment ◽  
Sustained Activity ◽  
Chewable Tablets ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Background Successful canine sarcoptic mange treatment requires immediate efficacy to eliminate active mites, and sustained activity to prevent re-infestation from in-contact animals and fomites. With extended acaricidal activity, fluralaner has been shown to be effective for treating this disease. To confirm this potential under field conditions, two fluralaner formulations were administered to mite-infested, client-owned dogs. Methods Households qualified for inclusion if they had at least one dog positive for Sarcoptes scabiei mites, confirmed by skin scraping, and at least one dog with clinical signs evocative of sarcoptic mange. Households were allocated to groups of dogs to receive a single treatment with either oral (Bravecto® chewable tablets, MSD Animal Health) or topical (Bravecto® Spot-on, MSD Animal Health), fluralaner at a dose of ≥ 25 mg/kg (range 25–56 mg/kg) on Day 0, or two treatments with oral sarolaner (Simparica® tablets, Zoetis) (Days 0 and 28) at ≥ 2 mg/kg (2–4 mg/kg). All dogs in each household were treated with the same product. On the enrolment day and subsequently on Days 28, 56 and 84, deep skin scrapings were taken from at least five different body areas judged to be most likely to have active mite infestation. At each visit, the dog’s mange-associated skin lesions were recorded, and pruritus level was assessed. Results There were 98 participating households and 135 dogs enrolled across Albania, France, Italy and Portugal. On Day 28, more than 90% of dogs in each group were negative for mites. On Days 56 and 84, all study dogs were free of mites and most dermatological signs of sarcoptic mange had resolved. There were no treatment-related adverse events in any group. Conclusions A single treatment of client-owned, sarcoptic mange-affected dogs with either fluralaner chewable tablets or fluralaner spot-on formulation proved a safe and effective treatment of infestations with S. scabiei var. canis, maintained through 84 days (12 weeks) after treatment.

scholarly journals PORCINE SARCOPTIC MANGE (Sarcoptes scabiel var suis) IN IBADAN, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 61-63
Author(s):  
B. E. Olufemi
Keyword(s):  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Sarcoptic Mange ◽  
The Other ◽  
Large White ◽  
Commercial Unit ◽  
Weaning Pigs ◽  
Ibadan Nigeria

A total of 102 (28.6%) of 357 pigs in Ibadan yielded evidence of infection with Sarcoptes scabiei var suis. Of 89 weaners, 15.7% showed positive infection as opposed to 31% of 113 piglets, 18.4% of 125 sows and 26.7% of 30 boars, The parasite was much higher in samples from pre-weaning pigs than in samples from any of the other group. Large White/Local cross showed fewer lesions and were less positive for the parasite and pigs for breeding purpose were more affected than pigs in the commercial unit.

Efficacy and Safety of Oral Ivermectin and Topical Permethrin in the Treatment of Scabies

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Mohsena Akhter ◽  
Ishrat Bhuiyan ◽  
Zulfiqer Hossain Khan ◽  
Mahfuza Akhter ◽  
Gulam Kazem Ali Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Common Skin ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B

Background: Scabies is one of the most common skin diseases in our country. It is caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei var hominis, which is an ecto-parasite infesting the epidermis. Scabies is highly contagious. Prevalence is high in congested or densely populated areas. Individuals with close contact with an affected person should be treated with scabicidal which is available in both oral and topical formulations. The only oral but highly effective scabicidal known to date is Ivermectin. Amongst topical preparations, Permethrin 5 % cream is the treatment of choice. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy & safety of oral Ivermectin compared to topical Permethrin in the treatment of scabies. Methodology: This prospective, non-randomized study was conducted at the out-patient department of Dermatology and Venereology of Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College & Hospital over a period of 6 months, from August 2016 to January 2017. The study population consisted of one hundred patients having scabies, enrolled according to inclusion criteria. They were divided into two groups. group A was subjected to oral Ivermectin and the group B to Permethrin 5% cream. Patients were followed up on day 7 and 14 for assessment of efficacy and safety. Result: The mean scoring with SD in group A (Ivermectin) and group B (Permethrin) were 8.26 ± 2.22 and 7.59 ± 2.01 respectively at the time of observation. The difference between the mean score of the two group is not significant (p=0.117) the mean scoring with SD in group A and group B were 4.54 ± 2.05 and 1.64 ± 1.84 respectively at 7thdays. The difference between the mean score of the two group is significant (p<0.001). The mean scoring with SD in group A and group B were 2.68± 2.35 and .36± 1.10 respectively at 14th day difference between the mean score of the group is significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: Topical application of permethrin 5% cream is more effective and safer than oral Ivermectin in the treatment of scabies. TAJ 2020; 33(1): 41-47

Scabies: A Neglected Global Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander K.C. Leung ◽  
Joseph M. Lam ◽  
Kin F. Leong
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Search Term ◽  
Skin Contact ◽  
Intense Pruritus ◽  
Meta Analyses

Background: Scabies is a skin disease caused by an obligate human parasite mite Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis. Children under the age of two and elderly individuals are at the greatest risk. Knowledge of this condition is important for an early diagnosis to be made and treatment to be initiated. Objective: The review aimed to familiarize physicians with the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, evaluation, and management of scabies. Methods: A search was conducted using Pubmed with the built-in "Clinical Queries" tool. The search term "Scabies" was used. The categories of "epidemiology", "diagnosis", "therapy", "prevention" and "prognosis" had a limited scope for primary clinical studies. Meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, observational studies, and reviews were included. Only papers published in the English language were included. A descriptive, narrative synthesis was provided of the retrieved articles. Results: Worldwide, scabies affects 200 to 300 million individuals annually. The average prevalence is estimated to be 5 to 10% in children of developing countries. Transmission usually occurs after close prolonged skin-to-skin contact. Classic scabies is characterized by an erythematous papular eruption, serpiginous burrows, and intense pruritus. Sites of predilection include the webs of the fingers, volar wrists, lateral aspects of fingers, extensor surfaces of elbows and knees, waist, navel, abdomen, buttocks, groins, and, genitals. A clinical diagnosis of classic scabies can be made on the basis of the history and clinical findings. Other clinical variants include crusted scabies, nodular scabies, and bullous scabies. Finding the mite, ova, or fecal pellets on microscopic examination of scrapings taken from skin lesions confirms the diagnosis of scabies infestation. For eradication of scabies mites, the drugs of choice are topical permethrin and oral ivermectin. Conclusion: Scabies is a highly contagious parasitic cutaneous disease that is stigmatising and debilitating. Increased awareness, accurate diagnosis, and prompt treatment are essential for the effective control of scabies and for the prevention of the spread of the disease.

scholarly journals Sarcoptic mange in wild ruminants in Spain: solving the epidemiological enigma using microsatellite markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Moroni ◽  
Samer Angelone ◽  
Jesús M. Pérez ◽  
Anna Rita Molinar Min ◽  
Mario Pasquetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Sarcoptic Mange ◽  
Wild Ruminant ◽  
Capra Pyrenaica ◽  
Wild Ruminants ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Genetic Clusters ◽  
Genetic Strains

Abstract Background In Spain, sarcoptic mange was first described in native wildlife in 1987 in Cazorla Natural Park, causing the death of nearly 95% of the local native population of Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica). Since then, additional outbreaks have been identified in several populations of ibex and other wild ungulate species throughout the country. Although the first epizootic outbreak in wildlife was attributed to the introduction of an infected herd of domestic goats, the origin and the cause of its persistence remain unclear. The main aims of this study are to understand (i) the number of Sarcoptes scabiei “strains” circulating in wild ruminant populations in Spain, and (ii) the molecular epidemiological relationships between S. scabiei and its hosts. Methods Ten Sarcoptes microsatellite markers were used to characterize the genetic structure of 266 mites obtained from skin scrapings of 121 mangy wild ruminants between 2011 and 2019 from 11 areas in Spain. Results Seventy-three different alleles and 37 private alleles were detected. The results of this study show the existence of three genetic strains of S. scabiei in the wild ruminant populations investigated. While two genetic clusters of S. scabiei were host- and geography-related, one cluster included multi-host mites deriving from geographically distant populations. Conclusions The molecular epidemiological study of S. scabiei in wild ruminants in Spain indicates that the spreading and persistence of the parasite may be conditioned by host species community composition and the permissiveness of each host population/community to the circulation of individual “strains,” among other factors. Wildlife–livestock interactions and the role of human-driven introduction or trade of wild and domestic animals should be better investigated to prevent further spread of sarcoptic mange in as yet unaffected natural areas of the Iberian Peninsula.

scholarly journals Non-Invasive Molecular Survey of Sarcoptic Mange in Wildlife: Diagnostic Performance in Wolf Faecal Samples Evaluated by Multi-Event Capture–Recapture Models

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
Julieta Rousseau ◽  
Mónia Nakamura ◽  
Helena Rio-Maior ◽  
Francisco Álvares ◽  
Rémi Choquet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Detection ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Sarcoptic Mange ◽  
Diagnostic Specificity ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Event Capture

Sarcoptic mange is globally enzootic, and non-invasive methods with high diagnostic specificity for its surveillance in wildlife are lacking. We describe the molecular detection of Sarcoptes scabiei in non-invasively collected faecal samples, targeting the 16S rDNA gene. We applied this method to 843 Iberian wolf Canis lupus signatus faecal samples collected in north-western Portugal (2006–2018). We further integrated this with serological data (61 samples from wolf and 20 from red fox Vulpes vulpes, 1997–2019) in multi-event capture–recapture models. The mean predicted prevalence by the molecular analysis of wolf faecal samples from 2006–2018 was 7.2% (CI95 5.0–9.4%; range: 2.6–11.7%), highest in 2009. The mean predicted seroprevalence in wolves was 24.5% (CI95 18.5–30.6%; range: 13.0–55.0%), peaking in 2006–2009. Multi-event capture–recapture models estimated 100% diagnostic specificity and moderate diagnostic sensitivity (30.0%, CI95 14.0–53.0%) for the molecular method. Mange-infected individually identified wolves showed a tendency for higher mortality versus uninfected wolves (ΔMortality 0.150, CI95 −0.165–0.458). Long-term serology data highlights the endemicity of sarcoptic mange in wild canids but uncovers multi-year epidemics. This study developed and evaluated a novel method for surveying sarcoptic mange in wildlife populations by the molecular detection of S. scabiei in faecal samples, which stands out for its high specificity and non-invasive character.

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